Ohanga Milton Friedman: A Biography, whakaaro, te ora me te kupu

Milton Friedman - he ohanga American nei i roto i 1976 riro te Nobel mo tona rangahau i roto i te mara o te kohi, hītori moni me te whīwhiwhi o te kaupapa here stabilization. Ki George ko Stigler he rangatira whakatupuranga tuarua maramarama o te kura Chicago. I roto i ana ākonga economists rongonui pērā i Geri Bekker, Robert Fogel, Ronald Kouz, Robert Lucas, Jr .. Ko te whakaaro taketake o te āwangawanga o Friedman kaupapa here moni, taake, hokotanga, Nō o kaupapa here tūmatanui, ngā i roto i te 1980. Kua awe hoki Monetarism te whakatau o te pūnaha US Federal i roto i te raruraru pūtea ao.

Poto haurongo Miltona Fridmana: te tau wawe

whanau te pūtaiao i mua nei i roto i Brooklyn, tetahi o nga wāhi rawakore o New York. ko ona matua manene i Hungary. City heke i ai ratou, ko inaianei i runga i te rohe o Ukraine (Beregovo i rohe Transcarpathian). hoko ngā mātua o Friedman i papanga. I muri noa iho i te whanautanga o te tamaiti, oho te hapu ki te pa o Rahway i New Jersey. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ka Friedman i te aituā, i te nawe i runga i tona ngutu o runga, a noho tahi ia mo te ora. puta ia i te kura nui i roto i te 1928, ka whakauru atu i University Rutgers. Ko te tangata taitama motuhake i roto i te pāngarau me te ohaoha. Ia te tikanga tuatahi ki te riro i te hekeretari. Heoi, i roto i te whakangungu tutaki ahau e rua pūtaiao - Arthur Burns ko Homer Jones, e tohe ana ki a ia e taea te ōhanga te āwhina arahi i te ao i roto i o te Topatariraa Rahi.

I muri i tu'ite, i rua fellowships i roto i te pāngarau patua ana ia i Brown me te ōhanga i roto i Chicago. whiriwhiria Friedman te muri, a ka riro te Kaiwhakaako o Arts tohu i roto i te 1933. Ana whakaaro awe e Dzheykob Viner, Frank Nayt ko Henry Haimona. I reira ka tutaki ia tana wahine he kaha'ú, Rose. Na ka ako ia tatauranga i raro i te ārahitanga o te ohanga rongonui Harold Hotelling ka mahi hei kaiāwhina Genri Shultsa. I te University o Chicago, tutaki Friedman ki e rua o ana hoa pai - George Stigler me Allen Wallis.

ratonga tūmatanui

I puta ia i te Friedmann tuatahi e kore i kitea i te whakaako mahi. Na ka whakaritea e ia ki te haere ki Washington ki tona hoa Allen Wallis, te wahi i tika tīmata Roosevelt ki ite tona "Kia New". muri faaoti Friedman e he wawaotanga kāwanatanga katoa "taero koretake i te mate he." I roto i te 1935, i mahi ia i te Komiti Resources National, e tuatahi timata ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te tikanga o te mahi kohi. ka noho Friedman ki te National Bureau o Economic Research. Ia mahi hei kaiāwhina Haimona Kuznets.

I roto i te tau 1940, ko Friedman he ahorangi i te University o Wisconsin, engari hoki ki te mahi tūmatanui hoki o anti-Semitism. mahi ia i runga i te kaupapa here tāke hōia o te Kawanatanga Federal hei kaitohutohu. I te ohipa taunaki ia wawaotanga kāwanatanga Keynesian i roto i te ōhanga.

Career me ngā whakatutukitanga

Milton Friedman ko te kaitohutohu ki te peresideni US i te Party Republican o Ronald Reagan, me te British tūpato Pirimia Margaret Thatcher. hapainga ki tona kaupapa tōrangapū nga mau maitai o te mākete noa ki wawao a te kāwanatanga iti. Kia Friedman tuhia e whakaaro ia tona paetae māperetanga whakakore nui i roto i te United States. I roto i tona ora i tuhituhi e ia he maha o monograph, pukapuka, tuhinga i roto i hautaka pūtaiao me niupepa, ko te āheinga o ngā hōtaka pouaka whakaata, a kua kauhau i ngā whare wānanga. kua tona mahi, kua rongonui i roto i te US ko UK kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te whenua-pāpori. Ko te moheni "te Economist" huaina a reira te ohanga tino whai mana o te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 20, ka pea te rau. Ahakoa homai e te tahi mau pane te nikau ki John Maynard Keynes.

whakaaro ohaoha

Ko pai mōhiotia mō te tuhi whakarongo ki te supply moni Milton Friedman. Monetarism - Ko te huinga o whakaaro e kua e pā ana ki te ariā rahinga. taea ona tohu e kitea i roto i te rau tau 16. Fakataha ki ngaua ake Shvarts Fridman tuhituhi te pukapuka i huaina "He Monetary History o te United States o Amerika, 1867-1960 (1963)." Maha tätari inenga whakapumautia te tuatahi o te supply moni ki haumi me te moni kāwanatanga. he mooni kore mahi Natural, na hanga ana e ia e kore tikanga ki te whawhai i te reira. e kore te mea e tika ana te Kawanatanga ki te ārahi i te ōhanga i roto i te kaupapa here moni.

Whanaketanga i roto i te mara o tatauranga

tātari raupapa whakawhanakehia e Milton Friedman. ka haere mai nga whakaaro matua i ia te wā e te taviniraa i roto i te Tari o War Studies i Columbia. Na ka kua meinga tātaritanga tauanga raupapa he tikanga paerewa o te aromatawai. Ka rite ki te maha atu āhuatanga Friedman, i tenei ra te mea e mea ohie mīharo. Ko ko te tohu o te poto e whakahaere ki te tomo i te mauri o tītohu tenei. I teie mahana, te tātaritanga tatauranga ōrite ko te taputapu matua o economists hou.

Milton Friedman: Capitalism me te Freedom

tīmata monetarism ariā ki te refutation o ariā Keynesian. I muri mai, e karanga Milton Friedman tokomaha o ona tikanga kinokore. I te 1950 i hanga e ia tona ake tikanga o te mahi kohi. Moni me te Freedom - rua ariā e kua whakaurua ano i roto i te revolution pūtaiao o Milton Friedman. whakamahi Monetarism he "reo Keynesian me taputapu huarahi," engari whakakahore nga whakapae taketake o te ariā o te ture kāwanatanga o te ōhanga. e kore e Friedman whakapono i roto i te taea o te whakamahi kaha tonu. I roto i tona matauranga, i reira te mea tonu he auau tūturu o te kore mahi, ki te whawhai i te mea horihori. Economists tautohe e i roto i te oma roa rite te rārangi tika poutū titiro Phillips ānau, a tohu te pea o te tītohunga pērā i stagflation. Na reira, ko te kaupapa here whai hua anake o te kāwanatanga ko te hua äta i roto i te supply moni.