Kawemai whakauru - tenei hōtaka kawemai whakauru ...

Kei te faaruru i te ōhanga Russian inaianei e kore nga wa tino pūmau. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te fakafalala tiketike o nga manga takitahi o te ōhanga ā-motu i kaituku ke tenei. I roto i tenei whakaaro, riro whanaketanga ōhanga te whenua o te whakauru kawemai ngā hāngai. He aha te mea tenei tukanga? Ko tēhea rāngai o te ohanga Russia, he reira ngā tika?

whakamāramatanga

Kawemai whakauru - he, kia rite ki te tikanga noa, te tukanga i te taumata o te ōhanga motu, whakaratohia nei i te tuku o te tika motu taonga kiritaki kaiwhakanao ope, ārahi ngā mahi i roto i te whenua. Ka taea e tēnei tukanga e kōkiri urupare ranei. I roto i e tukua te take tuatahi o taonga kawemai kia rite ki te pupuri i roto i te whakataetae kaituku ke ki te mākete. I roto i te tuarua, te displacement o te wāhanga e hāngai ana ki te tangata ke.

pai io taea te hāngai i roto i te tahuri, rerekē e rua kawemai i runga i tikanga mākete i te wawaotanga whakahaere rerekē ngā hanganga tōrangapū ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi o te whakauru kawemai angitu - ko reira he hua ataahua o te whakataetae. kaihanga Domestic kupu io ki te kaihoko e te taonga ia hua pai me iti atu i te kaiwhakarato ke. Chance, Heoi, he kōwhiringa i raro i nei e kawea te tukanga i roto i tika ki te aukati whakahaere o ngā mahi i whakaritea i runga i nga tangata ke.

tauari Russian

Ko te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i Russia tenei ra ko e i roto i to tatou whenua, he tika kawemai whakauru, rite ki kaitätari maha, i roto i te maha rāngai matua. I te wa ano i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o te tukanga e hāngai ana taea puta i te nui atu iti iho ranei tikanga mākete i roto i te tahi atu ngä Russian ka whai i te painga e tika ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. Ko te kupu, kawemai whakauru i roto i Russia he pea ki te tango i te wahi i raro i wheako e rua, i runga i te ahumahi motuhake rānei.

ahuwhenua

Heoi kai i runga i te kaituku Te Hau-ā-uru Pākehā o ngā hua ahuwhenua - faaitoitoraa kaha mo te whanaketanga o te mahi kāinga i roto i te mara e hāngai ana. Kua riro kaimahi Russian ha faingamālie ta'ehanotatau ki te whakatinana i nui-tauine kawemai whakauru. Ko te rārangi o taonga hinga i raro i te kanga ki runga ki te kawemai, rawa whanui. hua tenei miraka, me huawhenua me hua, kai me te nati. tata kaha Market o etahi wāhanga o te rerekē haere hokohoko i waenganui i Russia me whenua Western i roto i te rängai ahuwhenua kei i pirioni o tara o tohunga.

O te akoranga, i roto i tenei rohe ka hei te whakataetae: i roto i ngā, kia kawea te supply o ngā hua i Amerika ki te Tonga me te i te āhua o te Customs Union Ahia,, Africa, kia atu i roto i Russia he utu - i reira he kore aukati i te faatura o te mahi e hāngai ana ki reira. Ko, ahakoa te oraraa o te kē kaituku Pākehā o ngā hua ahuwhenua ki Russia kawemai whakauru i roto i te ahuwhenua - i roto i te kaupapa matua teitei o te whanaketanga ōhanga i roto i te heke mai e tata ana. Te pātai nui, tohunga mea, he pehea whai hua ka te pāhekoheko i waenganui i kaimahi me putanga i roto i te mahi.

ahumahi

No nia i te hōkai o te hiahia mō ngā hua kē ki kaituku ke ki kiritaki Russian puta ake te nuinga e tika ana ki te hinga o te RUPO. Kua riro taonga kawemai atu te utu. I roto i te maha wāhanga o te ahumahi, te reira whakaritea ano te hua o te utu mo nga hua i roto i te whenua. Kawemai, mea, he mīhini, etahi wāhanga reo irirangi-hiko ranei, kua fehangahangai te kaihanga Russian utu tino tupu, wāhikē i roto i te maha ngā take i taea reira kotahi ara - te whakanui ake utu mō kiritaki kāinga.

Heoi, whakauru kawemai i roto i te ahumahi, ina tae mai te reira ki te tauira e Russian, taea kakahu atu e kore e whakaihiihi anake. Kua takaro te hinga o te RUPO, rite ki ngā tohunga maha, ki te whānuitanga tetahi he tūranga pai i roto i te ōhanga. Ko te meka ko e i roto i te meka te hekenga o te moni Russian, he maha utu production me utu i roto i ngā tāra, me te, te mea, correlative ki te nuinga atu moni nui ao, ka hinga rawa tino. Te ahumahi Russian, rite ki te hua, ka pai ki te haumi.

Ki te titiro koe ki ngā pūrongo mo te Tāhuhu o Finance i te 2014 mo ngā i roto i te ōhanga, e taea kite tatou e tino nui haere i roto i te Russian Federation , production ahumahi - e pā ana ki 1.4%. Ahakoa te GDP, rite ki tata tuatahi, nui haere e pā ana ki 0.6% i roto i te 2014. Ano, etahi tohunga e mea e ara i roto i te tahi mau tino uncharacteristic, e te mea he, mo to tatou wāhanga production motu puta kawemai whakauru. Rārangi o ngā hua e kaha e hua i roto i Russia, puka, i ngā, taputapu whare, hikohiko, i te nuinga o nga tangata kua taunga ki te, ko reira e wātea ana i roto i Ahia. Ahakoa i reira ko te putanga e kua meinga e te ngaru-a i roto i te tono mo te hua ngā enei whika. A no te mea e hiahia ana koe ki te tatari ki te whakarite i te āhua taketake o tenei au.

Kawemai whakauru i roto i te ahumahi Russian, na te faaite i roto i ara e rua. Tuatahi, ko reira te hiahia o te kiritaki ki te whai wāhi ki ngā hua iti. Tuarua, ko reira te painga o te ōhanga Russian i roto i ngā o utu production.

Ahumahi: poi Takitini

I roto i te mea wāhanga o te ahumahi o Russia te hiahia ki te kawemai tino pānga? I roto i te ti'aturi i te nuinga i runga i kai waho o ahumahi - taputapu mīhini. I roto i te wahi o kawemai ia, kia rite ki whakatau tata o te tahi mau kaitätari - e pā ana ki 90%. e kore te mea nui iti te mīhini taimaha - e pā ana ki 80%. fakafalala taumaha i runga i kawemai me te hoki i roto i te ahumahi marama - te whika i roto i etahi o ona wāhanga, me te tae 90%. I roto i te ahumahi ho'oraa, he rite i roto i te ahumahi kai ti'aturiraa.

No runga production, mea tohunga, e hiahia ana matou kei te nuinga o tautokona te hōtaka kawemai whakauru nui-tauine i te kāwanatanga. Mahi i roto i tenei aronga kia rite ki te oranga katoa. Ki te te pai whakatinana reira e te mana mātau, i roto i nga tau i muri torutoru he taea reira, kia rite ki te tahi mau kaitätari, whakaiti i mahi i runga i ia o nga ahumahi rānei i pā ana ki te 30%, pea ake ranei.

IT-ahumahi

Russian te IT-ahumahi - tetahi o te tere tipu i roto i te ōhanga. Ka taea hoki e koe te mōhio i te meka e maha IT-hua i te Russian Federation te pai mohiotia noa atu. A no te mea to tatou IT-kura rawa whakataetae. Heoi, ka rite ki kua tātai etahi kaitätari he nui te fakafalala o te ao Russian o hangarau mōhiohio e uru-hanga. Mō 70% o te pūmanawa e whakamahia ana e te kaiwhakamahi, e rua tūmataiti me te i te taumata rangatōpū, kua tukua e te ngā ke. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e i roto i maha wāhanga o te pūmanawa i reira he he rerekē ki te Russian, e whakaaro e tohunga maha e kore he iho ki tauira ke i roto i taumahinga me te kounga,.

Ko tētahi o nga tohenga matua i roto i te manakohia o te whakamahi i motu IT-rongoā, kaitätari mea te hiahia mō te whai wāhi o te pūmanawa haumaru i roto i te nuinga o wāhanga pakihi. Ko te mahi o maha hinonga hono ki te tuku raraunga ngaro. E rave rahi o te feia faatere o te o umanga Russian ahu ki te whai feaa e pā ana te whakamahi o te pūmanawa ke i roto i ngā take pēnei i. Ano, ko te mahi o te maha kamupene e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te mau tonu te mahi tino maeneene o ngā pūnaha tūmau, e te tahi mau taime e taea whakarato anake aua kaituku e kua kei tika i roto i te Russian Federation.

Ko te hōtaka kawemai whakakapinga hāngai i roto i Russia, tohunga whakapono, kua nga rauemi katoa mo te whakatinanatanga angitu. Ahakoa i roto i te wāhanga hangarau mātanga o te IT-ahumahi, rite te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere, hötaka i Russia he nui ki te whakahere hei kē ki kaituku Western.

Ko te kupu, kawemai whakauru - he tukanga e kia ana ki tetahi ahumahi. Kua tāutuhia e matou i te kī torutoru. Ko te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i Russia karanga mo te whakauru kawemai wawe i roto i maha wāhanga o te ōhanga motu, engari kia whakatinana i te reira i roto i kore te mea tonu ngāwari mahi. Te aha? A feruri i te mita taketake e pā ana ki te mau o te mahi e hāngai ana.

raruraru

Kawemai whakauru - he multifactorial, uaua i roto i ngā o te whakatinanatanga mahi o te tukanga. Ko te angitu o tona whakatinanatanga tei runga i te whakatau o te tau o onäianei raruraru āhuatanga o te ōhanga Russian. He aha, hei tauira?

Tuatahi o te katoa, he mea tino iti, rite maha tohunga whakapono, te uru pakihi Russian ki nama. Ko te take i kore te aukati utaina e te EU me te US ki maha kamupene i te Russian Federation e tukua mo loans noa atu, e te nuinga o awhinatia i roto i roto i te mua. I roto i te tahuri, e kore he tino pai loans i Russia: te auau refinancing Central Bank he inaianei - 15%, me te whiwhi i te pūtea taurewa ki te kamupene, tino pea, ka waiho taea i te ōrau e kore e e waiho iti iho i te tenei uara. Te whakawhanake hanga ki moni, e ka hipokina te utu taurewa i taua tikanga rite e kia raruraru.

He aha i taea e te raruraru taea ki te wātea o te nama? Ētahi tohunga whakapono e taea maha pakihi Russian tiki whakamarie i runga i te mākete o te pūtea kaupapa ranei, mo te tauira, i roto i te mara o te umanga whakapaipai haumi, ai whiwhi uru ki te nama i te pūtake whaitake, ki te whakapaipai ngā whārangi i runga i te hea puritia e te kamupene ranei.

he tirohanga taua, o te akoranga, e kore e makona i te pakihi katoa, engari he reira pea pai atu i te tatari mo etahi korero i te puni o te Central Bank. Rerekē ki te āhua tuku pūtea āwhina etahi kaupapa. Ano, Ka taea e maha pakihi whakawhanake ngā wāhi e pā ana ki te hanga o ngā hua hou i raro i nga kirimana i raro i te ähua tūmatanui.

Ko tētahi atu raruraru e haere tahi i te whakauru kawemai i Russia - te kore o kaimahi tohu i roto i te maha o ahumahi. I roto i te 1990, he maha tangata o te Russian Federation, te kōwhiri i te tikanga, arahina e te rängai fakaetangatá, ki ngā ratonga. Engineering, kihai i rongonui rawa kaimahi motuhake. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i te maha wāhanga o kaimahi i tenei ra o kaimahi.

Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru i te momo o huarahi. Ko te tino utu - ritenga. Aua'e, te Russian pūtahi mātauranga rite te katoa noho te turanga pūtaiao, me te ahumahi whakawhanakehia, e taea te whakahohe hoki te whakangungu i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi. Ko tētahi atu kōwhiringa - ki te kukume te iwi i ki waho, e, Heoi, kia kia faingataa e tika ana ki te auau iti o te RUPO: e kore i roto i wā katoa i roto i te Russia mo te tangata ki te kia atu pai ki te mahi. I te wa ano, tangohia te kāwanatanga Russian kua tino takahanga ki te ngä o manene ki te whenua. I roto i ngā, i te whakatuwheratanga o te hōtaka whiwhi he tangata whenua no Roma māmā hoki te iwi e whai hononga nui ki a Russia - e pā ana, reo, me te ahurea.

Ko te taha ao

Ko tētahi atu tauārai pea ki te whakauru kawemai angitu - te titauraa o te Russian Federation i te anga o te mema WTO. Ko te meka Ko e tika ana ki te hainatanga o tiriti ā-ao ki te tahi atu āhua o te hanganga e kore e Russia i maha rawa kōwhiringa ki te pokanoa i roto i ngā tukanga ōhanga o ngā pokapū kāwanatanga e kia whai wāhi, kia hei tauira, i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki i te mākete motu i roto i te āhuatanga o te hokohoko ki kaituku ke.

Na reira, nga kōwhiringa i roto i te tikanga ki te tiki atu te mana i kore ko te tino nui te kāwanatanga Russian. He tino tuwhena - ki te haere atu i te WTO. Heoi, ka rite ki tuhia e etahi tohunga, te āhua i raro i te ture o nāianei, whakaritea i roto i te whakaaetanga WTO, e farii ki te rōrahi whānui nui o mea ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o ngā kāinga. Ko te pātai, ko te pehea, ki te whakamahi i tika i tēnei rauemi. Hei tauira, i roto i 2015, Russia, rite tuhia e etahi kaitätari, kia faaohipa i te tika ki te whakatika i te mau fafauraa tāke kia e ki te ara tino whai hua te tiaki i te maha o wāhanga o te mākete kāinga me e kore reira whakakorikoria nga ture WTO ngā.

āhuatanga angitu

Kaupapahere o kawemai whakauru i roto i Russia, ahakoa te whīwhiwhi i tohua, kua he tupono pai o te angitu. he tika ki te āhuatanga maha tenei. Tuatahi, kamupene Russian, i roto i te nuinga o te wā i reira he kahore raruraru ki te uru ki te rauemi raw tika, ngā rauemi māori. Tuarua, ko nga utu whakanao i te hanga whakatuwheratanga i Russia i te maha ngā take raro atu ki waho, i roto i te meka, no te mea o te cheapness whanaunga o etahi rauemi māori. Hoki i roto i Russia he hiko tino cheap. I runga i nga painga o te utu puta i roto i te hononga ki te hinga o te RUPO, kua mea kua matou. A toru, He kaha hangarau nui Russia. Ahakoa e maka ana ki mahi i roto i te maha iti o ahumahi - te nuinga i roto i te mara o te ahumahi korero, i roto i te hōpara ātea. Heoi, ki te tika, kia rite ki kaitätari maha, he reira taea tonu ki te iriti i tenei ranei e whanaketanga hōia i roto i te rängai ā.

tūranga o te kāwanatanga

Kia pehea te angitu ka hei te mahere o te whakauru kawemai i Russia i roto i te ahumahi ngā, te nuinga tei runga i te tūranga o te kāwanatanga. Ko te whānuitanga ki nei he rite nga mana Russian ki te kawe i roto i nui-e hiahiatia ana mo te mahi ōhanga? I roto i te whānui, i te huarahi kāwanatanga Russian ki te take o te kawemai makona tino.

I roto i ngā, i roto i August 2014 te Resolution o te Kawanatanga Russian, kia rite ki nei i hanga i te hanganga hou - te ahumahi tahua. Ko te wero matua e ka mahi i te ti'amâraa, - noa ki te whakarato i ngā pakihi ki te nama e tika ana. Kei te riro te reira e te tikanga i roto i enei taurewa he nui ake pai atu i kamupene ki pēke arumoni kōhure.

hōtaka whakauru kawemai, whakawhanakehia e te kāwanatanga, ano ngā he maha o te tahi atu kaupapa nui. Hei tauira, i roto i Pipiri 2014 Kua whakawhanakehia te Kāwanatanga he ture hou "I te kaupapa here ahumahi i roto i te Russian Federation". Tikanga i roto i, rite nga tohunga te mea, ka taea e hei te pūtake mo te whakatinanatanga o ahunga rautaki matua i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahumahi ahumahi i roto i te whenua. Industrial hōtaka whakauru kawemai i Russia, te kupu, ka kia whakatinana ki te whai wāhitanga kitea o te kāwanatanga.