No te tauturu i te ākonga: he whakarāpopoto, me te tātaritanga o "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna

pā auaha Soviet Russian kaituhi A. I. Solzhenitsyna ki te whārangi tino Tūrongo me te nui o to tatou mau papai. Ko te kaiaka matua o reira ki te kaipānui ko kua takoha e te kaituhi iwi ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki toku mua, e pā ana ki te whārangi pouri o hītori, ka mea te parau mau nanakia e pā ana ki maha nga whakahau taehae o te tikanga Soviet ka kitea nga pakiaka o te impoverishment wairua i muri - i muri i Perestroyka - whakatupuranga. Ko te kōrero "Matryona" i roto i tenei whakaaro, i te whakakitenga mai tino.

History o hanga, me te pukapuka mōna tohu

Na, ko te hītori o te hanga, me te tātari. "Matryona" e pā ana ki te kōrero, ahakoa he nui ki runga ake i te anga tuku iho o te mea tona rahi momo tuhituhi. I tuhituhia te reira i roto i 1959, ka whakaputaina - whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa, me nga tautooraa o Tvardovsky, ētita o te ahu whakamua i te wa o te moheni tuhituhi "World New" - i roto i te 1963, e wha tau o tūmanako - wā poto rawa o te wa mo te kaituhi e kua noho i roto i te puni ki te tauhae o "hoariri iwi "me te whakama i muri i te whakaputanga o" Kotahi ra i roto i te Ivana Denisovicha. "

tonu tatou i te tātari. whakaaro "Matryona" fakaangá whakamua mahi noa kaha me te ake nui atu i "Kotahi Day ...". Ki te riro nga kōrero e pā ana ki o te herehere Shukhov kaipānui te whakarau te minamina ana o te rauemi, ki te itoito tīpako i te kaupapa, me tona whakaaturanga, kaha accusatory, te kōrero o Matryona amazes reo mīharo, te hinganga o te kupu ora Russian me te tiaki morare rawa, pono wairua, e ki tonu ki te whārangi hua. whakaritea Solzhenitsyn ki te whakaingoa i te kōrero i tenei ara: "Ehara i te mea utu te kainga, kahore te tangata tika" ki te kaupapa matua, me te i te tīmatanga kī te whakaaro. Ko whakauaua taea te ngaro na rawa mo te ingoa Māoritanga faka'ikai'i-Soviet te aukatinga hoki enei kupu kua whakaurua te kaituhi i te mutunga o tana mahi, ui reira te ingoa o te wahine pūrotu o. Heoi, ko te kōrero riro noa te raupapa.

He aha atu nui ki te mōhio, tonu te tātari? "Matryona" e pā ana ki te tuhinga tuawhenua pera-ka karanga, tika te tuhituhi tona faufaa taketake ki tenei au i roto i te toi-waha Russian. Angatonú me iri pohewa o te kaituhi, tūnga morare pakeke, me te here â, ki te te kore whakararu, rite kua meinga atu censors ui me tikanga pehi i te aamu, i runga i te ringa kotahi, me te, te hi'oraa oraora kanapa mō te kaituhi - nāianei Solzhenitsyn atu. tūranga o te kaituhi e kore i taea e atu kakato ana ki te kaupapa o te mahi. A e kore e taea e te reira te kore, korero te tika Matryona, he wahine kaiahuwhenua ruhiruhia i te kainga Talnovo ora i roto i te nuinga e kore ko te "roto", tuatahi tuawhenua Russian.

Ki te tauira o te wahine pūrotu mohio Solzhenitsyn fakatāutaha. I roto i te meka, e ai ta ia e pā ana ki ia - te hōia mua, e pau kotahi tekau nga tau i roto i te puni, me te i roto i te whakarau, tino ngenge o nga ati me fakamaau ta'etotonú o te ora, me te wairua matewai ki te okiokinga i roto i te puku porowini marino, me te nemudronoy. Na Matrona Vasilevna Grigoreva - reira Matrona Zakharova Miltsevo i te kainga, i roto i te whare i nei e te pere Aleksandr Isaevich koki. He ora Matrona o te kōrero - ko te whakarau o te wahine whakairo te whakatakiruatanga o torutoru tūturu ohie Russian.

Ko te kaupapa me te whakaaro o te mahi

Ko te hunga e kua kite i te aamu, i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te haafifi me te tātaritanga. "Matryona" - he ahua o te kupu whakarite o te bessrebrenitse, wahine tino pai o te aroha me te nezloblivosti. Tona ora katoa - ki te mahi ki te iwi. mahi ia i runga i te pāmu mō "te takoto ano-rakau", ngaro hauora, engari kihai i riro i te penihana. Ko te heka ki te pa, ki te feinga pakeke hoki a ia, a ka e kore rite ki te amuamu, ngengere, te atu te tahi mea tono. Otira ka hiahia te tiamana o te kolkhoz ki te haere ki te mahi i runga i te hauhake kō ranei, noa'tu eaha te kino ranei ite Matrona ratou, a tonu ko, i āwhina reira te take noa. A ki te ki ui mo te ringa te noho tata keri rīwai - pai mahi. kore ahau ka tango utu mo te mahi, koa ngakautia ke taonga te kotinga, me te kore e hae, ina he pai ona rīwai, ahakoa kei.

"Matryona" - he tuhinga roa e hāngai ana i runga i ngā kitenga o te kaituhi o te wairua Russian ngaro. Ko tenei wairua o te wahine pūrotu o. Waho, ata noho rawa painga, tata nische, he reira rerekē taonga, me te ataahua ao i roto, tona marama. kore ahau whai taonga, me te pai katoa - he koati, hina kopa ngeru, otaota rapa i roto i te ruma i runga, engari papata. Kore he o ratou tamariki, whakaarahia ia, ka poipoia Hairuha - te tamahine o ex-taumau. homai ia i te reira i te wahi o te whare, a ka i roto i te waka, te āwhina mate i raro i nga wira o te tereina.

tauturu Analysis o te hua "Matryona" whakakitea he tauira ngā. I roto i te ora o te iwi, ano he take Matryona Vasil i te whanaunga a tawhio noa, me te wiri i, ritenga, whakatau he. Aua tuahine wahine pūrotu, "tangi" reira, tangi i tetahi mea i mahue o taua mea i muri i mea atu te taonga ranei, a ka tatari ratou, a ka kahore. Otiia ki te mate ia e au tineia i roto i te kainga etahi mura, ahakoa ko mumura, duller, he kino. I muri i te katoa, i e Matrona tika, e mau te ao, a kahore nei ehara i te mea utu, he kainga pa ranei, ranei te whenua ano.

Ae, Matrona - wahine tawhito ngoikore. Ko te aha e tupu ki a tatou, no te taua i konei nga kaitiaki whakamutunga o te tangata, te wairuatanga, te mahanahana, me te aroha haere? Ko te pā ana ki reira, me te titau manihini tatou ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te kaituhi ...