Bernard Shaw: biography, mahi, mahi

I runga i te rohe o ngā rau tau XIX-XX i roto i te tuhinga ao ka anga ki te puta momo pūāhua katoa hou me ngā kaupapa. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i te tuhinga o te rau tau hou i e te hunga tautohe inaianei e kore nga iwi, ko me whakaaro, he ratou ano kaiuru mātātoa i roto i te mahi. Ko te kaituhi tuatahi nei i timata te tuhi "whakaari o whakaaro" ko H. Ibsen, Chekhov, a, o te akoranga, Shaw. I runga i te wheako o ratou matua tuhituhi, i taea ki te whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te pūnaha whakaari katoa hou Shaw.

mōhiohio haurongo

Dzhordzh Bernard Shou, te kaitito ao-ingoa, i whanau Hōngongoi 26, 1856 i roto i te pane o Ireland - Dublin. Ahakoa ka rite ki te tamaiti ia whakakitea nuitia ratou whakaahunga ki te pūnaha mātauranga tuku iho, e te kaha paopao, ka tamata rite nui te wa ki te horo'ai ki te pānui. I te tau o ma rima nga tau, ie. E. I te tau 1871, ka timata ia te mahi kia rite ki te karaka, a i roto i 1876 haere ki Ingarangi, ahakoa no tonu tona ngakau ki a Ireland. Ko reira tino tōrangapū, me te kitea ngā rerekētanga pāpori, i awhinatia te kaituhi taitamariki e tamărû i te huru, me te whakaatu pakanga heke mai katoa whakararuraru ia i roto i te mahi.

I roto i te 70 te mutunga 'pae hopea ua faaoti Shaw toku heke mai, me te whiriwhiria tuhinga rite te mahi. I roto i te 80 ka timata ia te mahi i te kaiarotake fakaanga waiata, kaiarotake tuhituhi me te whare tapere. tuhinga Bright me taketake whakaohokia tonu te moni i roto i ngā kaipānui.

tauira o te pene

mahi tuatahi nga o te kaituhi - he pūrākau i roto i nei tamata ia ki te whakawhanake i ona ake huarahi motuhake ki te rota o faingata'a me scenes oraora. Kua i taua wa i roto i nga mahi o George Bernard Shaw e, kaua, ko nga huahua tuhituhi tuatahi, ko te reo ora, kōrero ngā, pūāhua fakangalongata'a, katoa i te mea kia tika ki te riro i te kaituhi tino.

I roto i te 1885, Bernard Shaw, e riro whakaari ngaio atu, ka anga mahi i runga i te hua "Whare uitou", i tohua te timatanga o te whakaari hou i roto i Ingarangi.

whakaaro pāpori

wāhi nui i roto i te whakaaturanga rite te kaituhi takaro ana whakaaro tōrangapū, me te pāpori. I roto i te tau 80 ko ia te mema o te hapori Fabian. Ko te whakaaro whakatairangatia ana e tenei rōpū, ohie ki matau, ki te matau koutou te wahi ko tona ingoa. ingoa te hapori kei te i muri i te cunctator Roma whānui Fabius, ko wai i taea e ki te hinga i te rangatira nanakia o te Carthaginian Hannibal ïa no te mea i reira e taea ki te tatari me te whiriwhiri i te momeniti tika. aru matou i te taua tātai me nga Fabians, e hoki pai ki te tatari ra ano ka waiho reira taea ki te kuru te moni.

Bernard Shaw, e te tikanga ki te whakatuwhera i te kaipānui ki te wero hou o to tatou wa nei mahi, ko te tautoko u'ana o te huringa i roto i te hapori. hiahia ia ki te huri i kore anake whakapakeke nga turanga o te moni, engari ano ki te auaha katoa-i roto i roto i te toi whakaari.

Bernard Shaw me Ibsen

E kore e taea ki te whakakahore i te meka e te whakaaturanga, ko te tahi pono tino taranata o Ibsen o. Ia tautoko tino nga whakaaro o te kaitito Norwegian i runga i te huringa e tika ana i roto i te tuhinga o nāianei. I tua atu, rave Shaw i roto i te whakatö-kaha o whakaaro o tona whakapakoko. I roto i te 1891, ka e ia te kaituhi o te pukapuka "Quintessence ibsenizma", i roto i nei whakaatu e ia tona mauahara o te lzhemorali bourgeois me te ngākau nui ki te whakangaromanga o mana'o teka.

E ai ki a Shaw, whakakitea Ibsen auaha i roto i te hanga o fepaki tutu me reira e whaitake, kōrero i ahuareka ai. Ko te whakawhetai ki a Ibsen, kua meinga Chekhov me Shaw tautohetohe te wāhi o te whakaari hou.

"Ngaio Mrs. Warren o"

Ko tētahi o nga whakaari tino rongonui o te kaituhi ko te pūhohe kino o Victorian Ingarangi. I tua atu i Ibsen, whakaatu ana Shaw te rerekētanga hohonu i waenganui i ahua me te mooni, te waho o respectability me te rangatiratanga täna i roto o ratou marohirohi.

Kāinga nui te wahine pūrotu - he kotiro o ngāwari viivii ore, e taea te whakaora whakapaipai nui ki te awhina o tona mahi. E ngana ana ki te whakatika ki tana tamahine, e kua kore whakaaro e pā ana ki te puna o te moni whānau, kōrero Mrs. Warren e pā ana ki te rawakore whakahouhou i roto i nei i ia ki te ora i mua, tautohetohe e kua peia ai ia ki tenei āhua. kia whakaaro e taha tenei momo o te mahi e kore e taea e haere mai ki te reka o, engari whakamārama Bernard Shaw ki te kaipānui i ko Mrs. Warren te patunga o te hunga he whakaaro hapori. E kore e te kaituhi whakawa tona huru, no te mea ia tika haere i runga i pā ana ki te hapori, i kī e he pai mo te pai ara katoa.

I roto i te hi'opo'araa, hanganga tātari, tono nei i Ibsen Shaw, konei mohio e tona kaupapa paerewa: te pono mo te ora o Mrs. Warren, oroko āta. I roto i te mutunga whakatakotoria o te tākaro ko te kōrero i waenganui i te huru matua me tana tamahine, ko tona ahua ko te nganatanga tuatahi o te kaituhi ki te whakaatu i te hero pai.

Plays hoki Puritans

ana whakaari katoa wehea te kaituhi ki ngā kāwai e toru: ahuareka, kino, me nga Puritans. nui ana te kino tamata te kaituhi kua ki te whakaatu i te whakakitenga nanakia o te hanganga pāpori o Ingarangi. Matareka, i runga i te anga ke, i ki te whakangahau i te kaipānui. whai hoki whakaari mō Puritans ki maka atu huru o te kaituhi ki te lzhemorali mōhiohio.

Tauākī o Bernard Shaw e pā ana ki ana whakaari mō Puritans kī i te omuaraa ki te pukapuka, whakaputaina i roto i te 1901. Kerēme te kaituhi e kore ko ia te tangata atuakore, a kahore he wehi ki te whakaatu mana'o, engari ki nga taipitopito o te ngā katoa me mahi o te pūāhua ki te aroha mana'o turai. Ki te whai koe i tenei parau tumu, rite ki te kaitito, e taea kahore tetahi e maia, atawhai ranei ohaoha, ki te kahore i roto i te aroha.

"Whare Heartbreak"

Ko te tākaro "Heartbreak Whare", tuhituhia i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, tohua he wā hou i roto i te whanaketanga o te whakaatu auaha. Te kawenga mō te āhuatanga tino o te kaituhi morare nāianei hoatu i runga i te intelligentsia Ingarihi. Hei whakaū i tenei whakaaro i te mutunga o te tākaro i reira ko te ahua tohu o te kaipuke atu akoranga, i taritari i te pouri ki te rangatira, e mutu i piriti o tona rangatira, a ko wai mahue tona kapa i roto i te tatari tau'a mō te kino.

I roto i tenei tākaro, Bernard Shou, he haurongo poto e whakaatu ana tona fafauraa ki te ao hou, o te pūnaha tuhituhi, e kakahuria ana talena i roto i nga kakahu hou, me te hoatu i te reira te tahi atu āhuatanga ahurei. tahuri te kaituhi ki te pakimaero, tohu whakarite aua tōrangapū, me te taumauri grotesque. Kua riro āhuatanga i muri grotesque me pūāhua e whakaatu fantastic momo toi, me ngā whakaahua, he wāhi o tona whakaari, a ratou e rawa mārama whakakitea i roto i te pūhohe tōrangapū. mahi ratou ki te whakatuwhera i to tatou kanohi ki te kaipānui hou te āhuatanga pono i roto i te taiao tōrangapū o nāianei.

Ko te upoo parau o te kaituhi pā ana ki tona tākaro "wawata i roto i te kāhua Russian i runga i Themes Ingarihi", tohu e mahi reira rite te tauira mo te tākaro o Tolositoi me Chekhov. Bernard Shaw, nei pukapuka e hāngai ana ki whaki nga toa parakaingaki ā o Chekhov tūhura wairua, me te whati ngakau kaiwhakaari o tona pūrākau, e ururua whakaarokore te ahurea tuku iho o te iwi.

"Ko te Hoko Apple"

I roto i tetahi o ona whakaari tino rongonui - "Te Apple Hoko" - te parau kaitito e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te āhuatanga pāpori-tōrangapū i roto i Ingarangi, te tuatoru tuatahi o te rau tau XX. Ko te kaupapa pokapū o te tākaro - he kōrero o te whiriwhiri tōrangapū, Kingi Magnus me te Cabinet. Ko te minita, i pōtitia e te iwi, t. E. I roto i te ara manapori, e rapu te whakatūnga o te momo ture o kāwanatanga te kāwanatanga, i te Kingi vili e mana katoa i roto i te āhua no motuhake ki te kāwanatanga. Aparauraa ki huānga parody Sapphire taea kaituhi ki te whakaatu i to ratou huru pono ki pūtahi kāwanatanga, me te whakamārama e faatere te whenua tino he.

rapu Bernard Shaw, tona haurongo ngā tona whakahawea katoa mo tetahi mana tukino, ki te whakaatu i te pono i muri i te āhua o te pakanga, i roto i te aroraa i waenganui i autocracy me kvazidemorkatii kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te "plutocracy." E ai ki te kaituhi, te wā "plutocracy," te tikanga o ia i te āhuatanga e raro i te guise o tiaki manapori, whakangaromia te mana kingi, me te manapori ano. A, o te akoranga, e kore waho te awhina o te hunga i roto i te mana, kia rite ki a Bernard Shaw. Quotes i te mahi anake e taea te whakaū i tēnei tirohanga. Hei tauira: "Kingi - ko te pai tenei whakaturia ake tetahi paihere o hao, te pai ki te arahi i te whenua, mā te whakamahi i te kingi rite te karetao," - e ai ta Magnus.

"Pygmalion"

I roto i te mahi whakaatu i te tau i mua i-te pakanga, tu i roto i pukuhohe "Pygmalion." I roto i te tuhi i tenei wahi, faauruhia te kaituhi i te taha o te pūrākau tawhito. E pā ana te reira ki te toi, ko Pygmalion, e hinga i roto i te aroha ki te whakapakoko i hanga e ia, a ka ui atua Aphrodite whakahauora tenei mea hanga, ka riro he whakapakoko pakiwaituhi faahiahia te wahine o tona kaihanga.

tuhituhi Shaw te putanga hou o te pūrākau, i roto i nei e kore e pohewa nga pūāhua matua, he reira iwi noa, engari ko te kotahi te mana'o turai: te kaituhi polishes tona hanganga. I roto i te tūranga o Pigmalona ko Ahorangi Higgins, e te ngana ana ki te hanga i te wahine i roto i o te kuware Eliza, engari ka rite ki te hua whakawaia ia ia naturalness, te huri mo te pai ki konei. Ko reira konei e whakatika te pātai e rite ana ki te tangata e ko te kaituhi o te marohirohi e rua, me te hunga e mea, ahakoa te kaihanga matua, o te akoranga, ka ia Bernard Shaw.

Haurongo Eliza māngai rawa angamaheni o taua wa, a muri mātauranga whakahua hiahia ahorangi Higgins ki a ia e wareware i karapotia ia i mua, a ka meinga he wahine huatau. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira "toi". huringa semeio o te protagonist hiahia Shaw ki te whakaatu i taua, i roto i te meka, kahore he rereketanga o te rerekē rōpū pāpori. Tetahi tangata kia he te pūmanawa, ko te raruraru anake i roto i te meka i reira he kore ara ki te whakatinana i te reira i roto i te whenei taupori rawakore.

mutunga

Bernard Shaw, faahitiraa i te mahi o nei e mohiotia ki nga tangata mātauranga, mo te wa roa e kore i taea e te whakatutuki āhukahuka me te noho i roto i te atarangi, no te mea kihai nga kaiwhakaputa ki te whakaputa i tona mahi. Otiia i roto i te noa'tu o mau haafifiraa katoa, whakahaere ia ki te whakatutuki i tona ake, me te riro tetahi o nga Playwrights tino rongonui o te wā katoa. ka wawata, e maoro, e te whakatinana, ki te kore ki te tahuri i te ara tika, te leitmotif o te kaitito nui English, tukua ana e ia ki a ia te hanga i te hanganga ōrite kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te riro i te whakaari matarohia.