Pūhohe Political: te whakamāramatanga o te momo, tauira

A, momo matatini maha-faceted kitea i roto i te maha ngā toi - pūhohe tōrangapū. Ngaio ki te whakamahi i te reira - he ki te whai i te outlook whanui, mōhiotanga,, mōhiotanga o te pūtaiao tōrangapū, manako faaino mārohirohi, rangatira te toi o te orero i roto i te tino, me te huarahi nui ki tenei momo. e kore e aro ki ia tirohanga āta tuakiri, ngāwari e taea kino ia i te reira o te tētahi atu mau mana'o, taunu, whakama.

He aha te mea pūhohe?

Pūhohe - he momo o te tuhinga me te toi, i te mea he faahaparaa kōmeke whiti ranei o te ari kino i roto i te ora, me te hapori i te tikanga o te korokë, hanihani, te faarahiraa, whakarite aua, parody me te grotesque. Ko te ngako o te pūhohe ko ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki toi me te tikanga tuhituhi ki te whakatutuki i te faaino pakoko o absurdities, ngā whakahēnga me kohakore. whakamahia pinepine pūhohe te fariiraa i te faarahiraa inati. Satire tūmomo mō ngā rau tau maha, me nga era i whakamahia ai ki te tautuhi i te ngā kino pāpori, me te tōrangapū. Kei te hāngai tonu Satire i te iwi me ngā.

Ka taea e mahi Sapphire e morare, tōrangapū, fakalotu. whakahaere faaino o te pūhohe te i te tūranga o te pai parau- ore-. I roto i nga wa onamata, ko reira he ranunga o te whiti Sapphire me te tuhi, a muri i roto i Roma momo ka motuhake. whakamahi te reira i kanikani, waiata, me te whiti. Tauira o te toi o te pūhohe hanga e Huwena ko Horace. Ki te whakahi momo ari nanakia o te ora. I roto i te tuhinga i reira he mahi katoa Sapphire motuhake wāhanga, ngā āhuatanga whakapakoko ranei. Mai i te pūhohe tōrangapū kia kia tupato, no te mea e taea te iti tenei momo i te aukatinga.

pūhohe tōrangapū

Kua tonu kua rongonui tūmomo o pūhohe tōrangapū. Ahakoa te meka e pā ana te reira ki tuhinga, kua kite i pūhohe kīanga i roto i te whakahaere, me te toi ataata. Ko te pūhohe tōrangapū whakatakotoria whanau te huru tia ore takitahi, me te pāpori, te wairangi, te tūkino o te mana, ngā mahi kino o kaitōrangapū te whakamahi i korokë, faaoooraa, me ētahi atu tikanga. Tūmomo o pūhohe tōrangapū ka karanga kore anake ki whakangahau te whakarongo, engari ano hoki ki te patu i te āhuatanga kino o te mooni. Ko te whāinga matua, tutuki nei i te tikanga o te wairua nēnene tenei.

pūrere Literary, pērā i hanihani, korokë, juxtaposition, tokoni ki te whakatutuki i te tetahi hua. Tupuna o te momo o te pūhohe tōrangapū ko Lucilius, Ennius, Horace, Aristophane. Me waiho te reira i ngā kōrero hakari o te katakata ngawari, tikanga nei ki te maeneene i te faaino o te wāhitau motuhake. Kore titiro pūhohe kauwhau, pūrongo maroke kauhau ranei.

Te tikanga pūhohe

whakatika pūhohe Tōrangapū tika ki te tuhinga o Roma i tahito. Kei roto te reira i rotarota me te hua lyric o rerekē te rahi o, me ngā uara. kitea e te kaipānui riri ratou, mau e whakahe i roto i nga nekehanga rerekē o te whakakāhoretanga - whakapakoko o takitahi motuhake, ngā rōpū, ngā. Pūhohe - haepapa momo toi o te korero free - ki te kia kitea i te lampoon me lampoon.

Ko te uara toi o te pūhohe tōrangapū me tona faufaa takoto i roto i te ihirangi pāpori, me te morare, lyrical ara teitei satirist pai. Whakakorea ake lyrical tae tuakiri mahi Sapphire momo objectivity toi, pūhohe tōrangapū pera kua te āhua o te whakawhiti haere.

satirists mohiotia

puta pūhohe tōrangapū i roto i nga mea katoa o te toi - ko tona rerekētanga matua i te momo pono tuhituhi. Kei te kitea te reira i roto i te whare tapere, tuhinga, kiriata, nūpepa. tupu pūhohe mua i roto i Kariki me te ao Arab, Pahia, a wharekarakia Europe, Amerika, Victorian Ingarangi. Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira rite te faahaparaa o te tikanga rautau rua tekau, i roto i te oraraa o te Soviet Union me, o te akoranga, i roto i nga wa hou.

tuhituhi Famous satirists Soviet I. Ilf me Petrov te pūrākau "12 Māngai", e ki te awhina o katakata me ngā pūrere tuhituhi ridicules te hapori Soviet hou i hanga. pūhohe tōrangapū whai wāhi: Vladimir Mayakovsky, Olesha, D. Harms, Bulgakov, S. Marshak. repressed maha satirists Soviet i me, nāna i tātari mo te whakamahi o tenei momo.

I roto i te wā o te "koero" puta kiriata Sapphire, whakaaturanga TV, e he nuitia a ki te katakata whakatara te kāwanatanga. satirists Modern - he A. Raikin, M. Zhvanetskiy, G. Khazanov, S. Viola, A. Arcana, L. Izmailov, M. Zadornov. I teie mahana, e kore e te momo o te pūhohe tōrangapū i roto i Russia haere ki te rongonui, taumata nui-tauine, i ko i te tau Soviet.

korukī Popular me kōrero

Ko te ngā tino me fakangalongata'a ko he pūhohe tōrangapū (korukī, kupu, kōrero) i roto i te USSR. Ko reira i reira haere mai kiriata pukuhohe nui, rotarota, te tuhi, e tuu rangitahi e hiahiatia. I roto i nga tau o te ture a Brezhnev reira ko te rota o te ngahau e pā ana ki a ia me ana kaupapa here. Te tangata e matau e aroha Leonid Ilyich metara me whakahau, i kua iho kua whakawhiwhia, i ētahi wā te whana. Ko te aha i reira ko te talanoa e whai ake nei: "I roto i Moscow, i reira ko te ru. tupu tenei e tika ana ki te meka i i te heamana iho koti Brezhnev ki metara. "

I roto i te rautau 21 oho pūhohe tōrangapū i te mara o te tuhinga i roto i te toi ataata. Ka taea e maha ngā whakaahua teie mahana cartoon kia kitea i roto i te niupepa ā-tōrangapū, nui pukapuka Russian, me te ke.