Momo sentimentalism. Āhuatanga o te sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga

Momo sentimentalism, i roto i te rerekē ki te puāwaitanga-kāhua, ka karanga te kaipānui ki te matauranga o te mau mana'o tangata noa, ki te ahua tūturu me o te kāwanatanga ā-, ki hanumi ki te taiao. A, ki te koropiko Classicism take anake, kore ki te tīariari i roto i arorau katoa, te pūnaha (rite ki te ariā o te rotarota Boileau), ko noa i roto i te tikanga o ona ngā, te rere o te whakaaro i te toi-sentimentalist. Whanau whakahe ki maroke take tūturu i roto i te Māmá, he momo katoa o te sentimentalism kahore ki ta ratou ka i te ahurea, me e tango i te hohonu o te wairua i roto i tona raro.

Whakamārama o te sentimentalism

i hinga Absolutist tikanga feudal ki te raruraru hohonu. I roto i te wahi o uara pāpori mai uara, kopakia ana i roto i te tangata te tangata, ki te vsesoslovnoy. Sentimentalism - te whakamāramatanga i roto i te tuhinga o te mana'oo te whenei whānui o te hapori ki te puai anti-feudal kaha.

te toru te whenua, te noho tuwhera tonu ōhanga, engari pāpori me fakapolitikale kaha, kua kaha ki te kāhui me te minita. Ko reira i reira, i roto i te toru o nga piha, ka i whanau i te rongonui: "Liberty, taurite, ongo fakatokoua" - i riro te peha o takaí katoa. ahurea pāpori o te hapori ka ui democratization.

rongo ngā tirohanga Rationalist postulate te tuatahi o ngā whakaaro, i konei te raruraru wä. hinga arikitanga Absolute rite te ahua o te hanganga kāwanatanga i roto i te pirau. Ko te whakaaro o tu'i whakahengia te whakaaro o te arii marama - ano no te mea kihai i whakatau tata kahore tetahi e kore te atu te mau hiahia o te hapori.

ahurea Conquest

Kua nui haere te taea o te bourgeoisie i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 18 kia nui e timata ia ki te arataki i ngā ki ētahi atu akomanga katoa, rawa i roto i te ahurea. Te riroraa i te tautoko o te whakaaro o te ahunga whakamua, ka tuwha ia ratou ki te tuhinga, me te toi.

Ano, kua nohoia reira e ratou māngai o ratou taiao: Rousseau - wati whānau, Voltaire - rōia Diderot - kaimahi ... Mō te kaitoi me mahara kahore he tikanga, no te mea he tino ratou te toru o nga whenua, anake, me te anake.

I tupu rāngai katoa o te hapori o te rau tau 18 whakaaro manapori e amuamu rohe, i roto i te Tuatoru Estate kore anake. Ēnei whakaaro ka ui e te mutunga o Māmá atu toa, tikanga motuhake me sensations hou. Heoi kihai i momo o sentimentalism i roto i hou tuhinga. rotarota Elegiac, momo epistolary, pukapuka - katoa kua matau roa puka ki tonu i te ihirangi hou.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga

Ka rite ki te rerekē ki te parau tumu o te kaupapa rationalist Māmá ūkui tetahi tikanga o perception o te ao: e kore e mahara, me ngakau, e ko, kōrero ki te kāwai o sensations me mau mana'o. Literature - Ko te mara i pihi momo katoa o te sentimentalism.

whakapono Sentimentalists taua tangata i te natura, ko ki te kia ke ki te ngarahu pai, me te rationality, he reira tata ki te taiao māori, i te mea i te whakaako i te rongo homai au maite i roto. Me kia tūturu Angama'á, tuhituhi ratou, a anake i te tohu tiketike o te tūtohutanga o te taata e taea te tiki oaoa tūturu. i whiriwhiria nga momo matua o te sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga, me te reira i runga i te pūtake o te feohi fafale: pāriha, oaoa, haere, rātaka whaiaro ranei pukapuka.

Kitá i runga i te timatanga taiao (te Mātauranga) , me te noho i roto i te taiao māori - i roto i te āhua - he nga pou e rua i runga i nei hāngai e momo katoa o te sentimentalism enei.

Hangarau me te ahunga whakamua pāpori, te āhua, te hapori, hītori, te mātauranga - kei roto i te rārangi ki te sentimentalism nuinga kohukohu enei kupu. Te ahunga whakamua rite te turanga ki runga ki i hanga te Māmá e pūtaiao me te Taha'i, ko sochton tikanga, me te tino kino, me mau faaiteraa katoa o te ao - kino mō te tangata. whakaekea te fifi ake he iti o te ora tūmataiti tuawhenua, me te te mōrahi - he ora o tahito me te mohoao rite taea.

kōrero itoito o nga momo whakamutunga o sentimentalism, e kore e tahi. whakakiia ratou Daily, ongo ohie. Engari o kare kanapa, i naia whawhai me viretu o sentimentalism i tuhinga o te rau tau 18 whakakitea te viivii ore o kare, me te momonatanga o te ao i roto i te tangata toharite. Nuinga o ngā wā, he Māori o te toru o nga whenua, te takenga o te wa e kore he iti. Sentimentalism, te whakamāramatanga i roto i te tuhinga o te pathos manapori, tino whakakahore te rerekētanga o te piha haapiiraa i utaina e te ao.

Ko te ao i roto o te tangata: i tetahi atu tirohanga

I roto i kupu whakamutunga i te Age o Māmá, e kore te tino haere matara te au hou i te mau parau tumu mātauranga. Heoi, sentimentalism me Classicism i tuhinga ngāwari kitea: i classicists kaituhi pūāhua rangirua, i roto i te huru - ngā te predominance o tetahi tetahi te aro mātai morare obligatory.

whakakitea ano Sentimentalists te hero rite te tangata me te totohe mimiti. i taea e ia ngā me te poto me te nanakia, no te mea i whanau ki tona pai tūturu me te kino. Na āhua - he tīmatanga pai, ao - te kino. aromatawai Monosyllabic kore e maha pai te mahi hero mahi hoê mana'ona'oraa. kia pai kia te reira i te nanakia, engari nikogoda tino, no te mea kua tonu ia te whai wāhi ki te whakarongo āhua me te hoki ki te ara o te pai.

Here tenei didacticism, a ētahi wā rītaha, me sentimentalism hono piri ki te wā o tona momo.

Ko te fifi o te mana'o, me te subjectivity

Ko te momo matua o te sentimentalism he tino hāngai ana ki te kaupapa, i roto i tenei ara e taea ki te whakaatu kakato atu te kaupapa o te ngakau tangata ratou. Ko tenei he pukapuka pūrākau i roto i pukapuka, ko te Elegy, rātaka, pukapuka me katoa e taea ai e koe te korero i roto i te tangata tuatahi.

E kore te te kaituhi e iri i te ahanoa e tohu ai, me tona whakaaro - te āhuatanga tino nui o te kōrero. Ko atu free kore e kēnana tuhituhi tineia whakaaro hoki te hanganga, he noho te hanganga, me tetahi maha o digressions lyrical.

Fanauhia i roto i te tekau tau tuarua i runga i nga takutai o Ingarangi, kua puawai te momo matua o sentimentalism i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau puta noa i Europe. Nuinga mārama - i roto i Ingarangi, France, Germany me Russia.

Ingarangi

āhuatanga nga kupu o te tuatahi uru ki to ratou aho sentimentalism i tuhinga. Ko nga māngai kānapanapa: he muimui o te theorist puāwaitanga Nikola Bualo - Dzheyms Tomson, e kua pau tona Elegy āhua Ingarihi, ki tonu i te aau taia a; kaiwhakarewa o "urupā" o Poetics Edward Jung; tautoko i te kaupapa whiti "Grave" a Scot Robert Blair ko Tamati Kerei ki Elegy tito e te urupā kainga. Ko te whakaaro matua o te ōritetanga o te iwi i te aroaro o ia mate katoa o enei kaituhi.

Na - a pai - ngā puta sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga momo pūrākau. ia faaotihia e wahia Hamuera Richardson ki te whakarerenga iho o mōrearea, mōrearea me te pūrākau picaresque, te tuhi i te pūrākau i roto i pukapuka. "Matua," timata i te aronga o Lourens Stern i muri i te tito i te pūrākau "He hoê mana'ona'oraa Journey Na roto i France ko Italy, Mr. Yorick", i hoatu te ingoa ki te aronga. whakaaro te tihi o te sentimentalism tino English te ki hei mahi o Oliver Goldsmith.

France

kitea te puka tino matarohia o te sentimentalism te i roto i te toru tuatahi o te rau tau tekau ma waru i roto i France. ko De Marivaux i te timatanga rawa o tenei tuhi, whakaahua i te ora o Marianne me te kaiahuwhenua, i i tukua i roto i te iwi. taonga te Abbe Prevost te papatae o mana'o whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhinga - he weriweri e arahina ki te kino.

Ko te tumutumu o sentimentalism i France - Jean-Zhak Russo ki ana pukapuka epistolary. Nature i roto i ana mahi he faufaa i roto ano, tangata tūturu. Ko te pūrākau "fa'iraa" - Apokalupo haukiri i roto i te tuhinga ao.

te oaoa o te tangata i roto i te au i te āhua, i te pai: De Saint-Pierre, he ākonga o Rousseau, tautoko o te pono, e kauwhau i te momo nui o sentimentalism tonu. I hohoro ia te pua o "tāwāhi" i roto i te romanticism, e tohu ana i te whenua pārūrū o moana i tawhiti.

Ano, e kore e tango i ngā tūranga kau muimui Rousseau me ZH.-S. Mercier, e aki ana i te pūrākau "Te Savage" tahito (pai) me ngā civilizational o oraraa. Ko te hua o te Mercier ao tautuhia rite te publicist i "pikitia o Paris."

Kaituhi-whakaako de la Breton (e rua rau mahi pukapuka!) Ko e taha o nga kau muimui tino taiva ore o Rousseau. tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki te āhua o haamou tāone taiao e tahuri ki te tangata taitama taihara, morare, me te mea parakore, a kōrero te whakaaro o te ako i roto i ngā o te mātauranga me te whakatipu o te wahine.

Mai ngā te timatanga o takaí sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga fakanatula ngaro. Momo sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga taonga e mau hou.

Germany

awe te titiro hou i tuhinga i roto i Germany i G.-E. Lessing. tīmata te reira i katoa ki te totohe Zurich University ahorangi Bodmer ko Johann Jakob Breitinger ki te tautoko u'ana o te Classicism - German Gottsched. whawhai nga Swiss mo te whakaaro whiti, engari kihai nga Tiamana i whakaae.

F.-G. kua whakakaha Klopstock te tūranga o te sentimentalism te whakamahi i pakiwaitara iho Germanic Medieval ngāwari tu'ati ki mana'o o te ngakau Tiamana. Ko te tino pokea ana o sentimentalism Tiamana haere mai anake i roto i te hitu ahuru o te rau tau 18 i roto i te hononga ki te mahi i runga i te hanga o ngā kaiuru tuakiri Literature motu i roto i te kaupapa "Sturm und Drang".

I roto i tenei au ko JW i tona tamarikitanga Goethe. "Ko e Mamahí o Young Werther," ringihia Goethe tuhinga Tiamana porowini i te paraharaha-Pākehā. mana kitea o "Sturm und Drang" me te whakaari e I.-F. Schiller.

Russia

sentimentalism Russian whakatuwheratia Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Karamzinym - "Letters o te Haere Russian", "Poor Liza" - te masterpieces o te tuhi hoê mana'ona'oraa. Tūtohutanga, oto, hiahia hoki whakamomori - te āhuatanga matua o te sentimentalism i roto i te tuhinga - i roto i Karamzin ngā ki maha atu innovations. riro ia te kaiwhakarewa o te rōpū o kaituhi Russian, nei whawhai ki te haupū tärewatanga tawhito me te reo whiti. Ki tenei rōpū no ki II Dmitriev, VA Zhukovsky me ētahi atu.