Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te mua? He aha te mea te mua? E hiahia ana matou ratou i roto i te ao hou?

Mua (i te diriger French - «mana») - he mīhini e rere whaiaro-tīhokatia, mama atu i te hau. Ana kōrero me huarahi ki te hanga tenei rererangi, ka whakamārama tatou i muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

huānga hanganga

E toru ngā momo matua o mua: ngohengohe, āhua-mārō, me te mārō. ngā ratou katoa o whā ngā wāhanga matua:

• anga avaava poihau ranei ki tonu i te hau i te mea iti iho i te kiato o te rangi kiato;
• pailati gondola ranei iri i raro i te anga, whakamahia nei te ki te kawe waka me ngā pāhihi;
• motors peia nga propellers;
• urungi whakapae me te poutū ki te āwhina te urungi i te mua.

He aha te mea te blimp? piri tenei kapa poihau taua mā taura. Ki te te tuku hau, ka ngaro te anga tona āhua.

Ko Semi-mārō mua (whakaahua e hoatu i roto i te tuhinga) hoki ti'aturi i runga i te pēhanga ā, e pupuritia tona āhua, engari ia kua tonu he takere hanganga whakarewa e toro ōna haere te turanga o te poihau me tautoko te kapa.

E hanga airships mārō o te anga Kōmāmā hanga o konumohe koranu, hipoki ki te kakahu. e kore e ratou hiri. Inside tenei hanganga he maha ngā poihau, ia o e taea motuhake ka ki i te hau. Waka rererangi o tenei momo pupuri tona āhua ahakoa o te tohu o te tini o ngā ipurau.

E hau e whakamahia?

whakamahia Tikanga airships mō te ara hauwai me te haumāmā. Hauwai Ko te hau māmā mohiotia me, ko te kupu, kua reira he kaha nui. Heoi, ko reira tino pūkākā, i ko te take o maha tukinga mate. e kore te mea pera ohie haumāmā, engari te mea nui haumaru no te mea e kore ratou e tahu.

Gas raunga ipurau mua wawe hanga o kakahu moe ki te rapa, i te mutunga i monohia e papanga waihanga pērā i pareaku me neoprene.

History o hanga

hanga te mua angitu tuatahi i roto i 1852 i roto i France e Henri Giffard. hanga e ia he pūkaha mamaoa 160-pauna ahei ki te whakawhanake i te kaha 3-rita. p., i he nui ki te pei i te hurirere nui i 110 huringa i te meneti. I roto i te tikanga ki te ara i te taimaha o te tipu te mana, whakakiia ana te reira i te 44-mita, me te opupu hauwai, timata mai i rere Paris papa purei i te tere o te 10 km / h, te whawhati tawhiti o e pā ana ki te 30 km.

I roto i te tau 1872, he mataaro pūkaha Tiamana Paora Haenlyayn tuatahi tāuta, ka whakamahia i runga i te mua pūkaha parariraa ā, i mahi hoki i te hau wahie i te puoto.

I roto i 1883, te Wīwī Albert ko Gaston Tissandier tuatahi pai mana te poihau, peia nei e te pūkaha hiko.

Ko te mua mārō tuatahi ki te whare whārangi konumohe hanga i roto i Germany i 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, he Māori o Brazil e noho i roto i Paris, kua whakapumautia he maha o ngā pūkete i roto i te raupapa hanga reira i 1898 ki te 1905, 14 mua kore-mārō powered e engines parariraa ā-.

Count von Quaker

Ko te kaiwhakahaere poihau mārō angitu tino ki te pūkaha ko German Ferdinand Graf von Quaker, i hanga i roto i te 1900, tona mua tuatahi. He aha te mea te LZ-1? Luftschiff Quaker, ranei rererangi Quaker - he kaipuke tū uaua me te roa o te 128 m me te diameter o 11.6 m, i hanga o te anga konumohe arā, o kurupae ahopou 24 hono e mowhiti hake 16 me e aia e rua motors, te mana 16 l. he.

Ka taea e te rererangi tae tere ki runga ki te 32 km / h. tonu Earl ki te whakapai ake i te hoahoa i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, ka tokomaha o ana airships (huaina zeppelins) kua whakamahia ki te karawhiuwhiu i Paris ko London. Waka rererangi o tenei momo whakamahia hoki nga Hoa i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, te nuinga hoki roopu tirotiro anti-ruku.

I roto i te 20, me 30 matahiti o te rau tau whakamutunga, i Europa, me te United States tonu te hanganga o mua. I roto i te Hōngongoi 1919, Ingarangi rererangi R-34 rua hanga he rere atalanitikí.

Conquest o te Te Tai Tokerau Pou

I te tau 1926, Italian mua āhua-mārō (whakaahua hoatu i roto i te tuhinga) "Norway" kua whakamahia pai Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth ko Umberto Nobile General ki ako i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou. Ko te ope i muri i runga i tetahi atu mua, arahina e Umberto Nobile.

I roto i te katoa, kua whakaritea reira ki te hanga 5 flights, engari te mua, hanga i roto i te 1924, tuki i roto i te 1928. Ko te mahi ki te hoki ka mau nga kairangahau neke neke atu i 49 ra, i roto i nei patua 9 fakahaofi, tae atu Amundsen.

He aha ko te ingoa mua i roto i te 1924? Tuawha Air Transport Series N, hangaia e te wheketere me Umberto Nobile i Roma, i huaina "Italy".

te tino pokea ana

I roto i te 1928, hanga balloonist German Hugo Eckener te mua "Graf Quaker". I mua ki te decommissioning, e iwa tau i muri mai, i hanga e ia 590 rerenga, tae atu 144 mau irava transoceanic. I roto i te 1936, whakarewahia Germany pāhihi atalanitikí auau i runga i te "Hindenburg".

Ahakoa enei whakatutukitanga, i te mutunga o te ao 1930 airships ngā mutu ki te whakaputa i tika ki to ratou utu teitei, tere iti, me te te whakaraerae o te rangi, ki te paroro. I roto i te tua, he raupapa o ngā aituā, te rongonui tino o nei - ki tonu i te hauwai pahūtanga "Hindenburg" i roto i te tau 1937, i honoa e ki mua i roto i te rererangi i roto i te 30 o me te 40 o. kua hanga tenei momo o te waka e arumoni tawhitotia.

te ahunga whakamua hangarau

whawhai piro kau hoki, a ka totoro: ipurau Gas o maha wawe airships hanga o pera-ka karanga "zolotoboytsa kiri". Ko te hanganga o tetahi o te rererangi e hiahiatia ana nga kau e rua rau me te rima tekau mano.

I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, mutu Germany me ona hoa i te hanga o hōtiti, e reira he rawaka rauemi hoki te hanga o mua ki i kawea i roto i te poma o Ingarangi. Advances i roto i te hangarau papanga, tae atu, whakawhetai ki te tenenga i 1839 o te rapa vulcanized i kaihokohoko Charles Goodyear American, kua meinga he pahūtanga o auaha i roto i te mua. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga thirties, hanga te US Navy rua "rere rererangi kawe", "Akron" me "Macon", whakatuwheratia nei takere, tuku toa rererangi kaipuke F9C Sparrowhawk. pakaru nga kaipuke i muri i te patua e te tupuhi, a kahore he ki te whakamatau ratou āheinga whawhai.

whakapumautia te rekoata o te ao mō te roanga o te rere i roto i 1937, pūangi "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". He rererangi tū i roto i te hau 130 h 27 min. tae mai nga pa i roto i mua rere - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny ko Novgorod.

poihau ahiahi

Na ka airships ngaro. Na, Mei 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" piti mo Lakehurst i New Jersey - i roto i patua i te pōro o te ahi 36 pāhihi me ngā mema o te tāngata. kiriata te ati i runga kiriata, a ka kite i te ao piti te mua Tiamana.

He aha te mea hauwai, me pehea kino kua meinga reira mārama ki te katoa, me te whakaaro e taea iwi neke whakamarie i raro i te kaha o tenei hau i roto i ka Kāore he tonu. I roto i te rererangi hou o tenei momo te whakamahia ki te haumāmā, i te mea kore-pūkākā anake. Piki haere a ka rererangi economical pērā i tiketike-tere "rere poti" o Pan American Airways.

Engineers Modern wāhi i roto i te hoahoa o te rererangi o tenei momo, kua tangi ki te meka e tae noa 1999, i te mea kua whakaputaina te reira i te kohinga o ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te hanga i te mua i huaina te "hangarau mua", ko anake pukapuka e wātea ana i te pukapuka "Aircraft Hoahoa" Charles Burgess , whakaputaina i roto i te 1927

whanaketanga hou

I roto i te mutunga, kua whakarerea kaihoahoa mua te whakaaro o te pāhihi me te utanga waka kua arotahi ki runga, e kore e ranea ki tōtika whakatinana tereina, ara, me te waka moana, a roto i te taea i roto i ngā wāhi maha i.

Te noaaraa te whakauka tuatahi torutoru kaupapa pērā. I roto i te mau hitu ahuru, kua ite William Miller, he mua toa pairati Naval Fleet i New Jersey kaipuke āhua hau pakihiwi huaina Aereon 26. Ko te tikanga Miller mutu i muri i te rere whakamātautau tuatahi. Te hanga i te rererangi tauira utanga rapu haumi nui, a kihai i nga kaihoko pea nui.

I roto i Germany ka haere a Cargolifter AG ki te hanga o te kūwaha nui rawa o te ao hanga neke atu i te 300 m i roa, o nei e te kamupene whakaritea ki te hanga i te haumāmā āhua mua mārō utanga. He aha te mea ki te waiho he pionie i roto i te mara o aeronautics, ka reira mārama i roto i te tau 2002, ka fehangahangai te kamupene kei te ki fifi hangarau, me te iti pūtea, rēhitatia hoki te tiaki kaihau. Kei te hangar te tata Berlin, i muri mai puta ke ai ki te nui rawa papa wai roto i Europe "motu pārūrū."

I roto i te whai o te taitara

He whakatupuranga hou o Engineers hoahoa, etahi o nei e tāruatia e kāwanatanga nui me te haumi tūmataiti, e whakaaro e, homai te wātea o hangarau hou me ngā rauemi hou, ka taea ki te whai hua i te hanganga o mua te kamupene tatou. I roto i te Maehe whakamutunga tau, whakaritea te US Whare o Representatives te hui whakatapua ki tenei momo o te waka rangi, te whāinga o i ko ki te whakatere i te tukanga o ratou whanaketanga.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te whanaketanga o mua mahi i roto i te Aerospace Heavyweights Boeing me Notelopi Grumman. Kua hanga Russia, Brazil ko China Kei te whanake ratou ake Momo ranei. kua whakapumautia Canada he maha o kaupapa rererangi, tae atu i te "Pahi Solar", e titiro rite te bomber puku puru hipi ki awhi solar whakanohoia puta noa te tihi o nga parirau ki tonu i te haumāmā. E whai wāhi katoa i roto i te iwi, ki te riro i te tuatahi, me te manawapa te mākete o utanga transportation, e taea ana te ruri i roto i pirioni o tāra. I tēnei wā, kei te unu whakarongo ki kaupapa e toru:

• English Airlander 10, ranu Air Waka Company - tēnei wā te mua nui i roto i te ao;
• LMH-1, te kamupene "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, whakatūria Worldwide Eros Corp kamupene manene i Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

poihau RC me o ratou ringa

Hei aromatawai i te raruraru i roto i te hanga o te rererangi o tenei momo, ko reira taea ki te hanga i tētahi mua tamariki. ko te iti rawa i o tetahi tauira, e taea te hokona tōna rahi, a te mea i te huinga pai o te pūmautanga me te huri mai.

Hei waihanga i tētahi mua iti e hiahia i te rauemi e whai ake nei:

• E toru nekeneke iti te taimaha 2.5 g iti ranei.
• Pico taimaha o 2 g (hei tauira, DelTang Rx33, e, tahi ki ētahi atu wahi, e taea te hokona i roto i ngā toa motuhake online, pērā i Micron Mana Radio, Aether Pūtaiao RC Plantraco ranei), powered e te pūtau lithium-waerau kotahi. He mea tika ki te whakarite hototahitanga o te tūhono pūkaha me te kaiwhiwhi, e rapu te hiahia mo te whakapiringa ranei.
• Tuku hototahi ki toru, neke atu rānei takere.
• LiPo-mah kaha pūhiko o 70-140 me te rihi e tika ana. E kore e te taimaha katoa nui 10 g, ka hiahia te pūhiko ki runga ki te 2.5, ka whakarato i te kaha pūhiko atu nui roanga rere: i taea 125 mah kia ngāwari tutuki ona roanga ki te 30 meneti.
• Ko te waea honotanga te pūhiko ki te kaiwhiwhi.
• E toru propellers iti.
• Ko te tokotoko waro (1 mm), me te roa o te 30 cm.
• Deprona wahi 10 x 10 cm.
• Piataata rīpene, superglue me kutikuti.

Me koe ki te hoko i te opupu i hanga o te taherapa, ki tonu i te haumāmā. paerewa e tika ana tetahi atu kawenga i te mea i te iti rawa 10 D. hoki te whakatutuki i te taimaha e hiahiatia ana ranei te tāpiri ki te whakataimaha, nekehia atu nei te rite te turuturu haumāmā.

E piri Wae ki te take ki te piripiri rīpene. whakamahia te nekeneke mua te ki te neke whakamua, ka whakaturia te muri hāngai. Kei nekeneke Tuatoru kei tata te pokapū o te mahara, me te te whakahaua whakararo. Kei te piri ana te hurirere ki reira te taha ki te ritenga, kia e taea e ia pana ake te mua. kia Katahi motors ki superglue.

Te āpiti i te stabilizer hiawero, taea tino whakapai ake i te kaupapa i mua, kia rite ki ara hurirere piri iti kaupapa takahuri, ka he kaha rawa te rotor hiawero. Ka taea e hanga te reira ratou deprona me tāpiri ki te rīpene.

Me utua kaupapa Whakamua i te ara iti.

I tua atu, ka taea e te mua whakapumautia he kāmera inexpensive, hei tauira, whakamahia i roto i te fob matua.