He aha te mea te whakawaehere o ngā mōhiohio, me tona tukatuka?

I roto i te ao i reira ko te utu tamau o rerenga kōrero. pea te puna iwi, pūrere hangarau, mea rerekē, whakaoho taonga me te āhua popohe. Kia riro ngā mōhiohio e taea rite te ahanoa kotahi, e rave rahi ranei.
Ki te pai te kōrero te wā kotahi Tapa te kawea i roto i, me te tukatuka raraunga i te taha tuku (te raraunga whakangungu, me te tahuri ratou ki te puka e tika ana mō te translation, tukatuka, me te rokiroki), tukuna me te wetemuna i te taha kaiwhiwhi (tahuri raraunga ā ki te āhua taketake). Tenei wero tuitui: te pūtake, me te kaiwhiwhi me whai hātepe tukatuka raraunga rite, ka kia taea tukanga whakawaehere-wetewaehere ranei. Waehere me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio whakairoiro me rongorau nuinga whakatinana i runga i te pūtake o te hangarau rorohiko.

Whakawaehere mōhiohio i runga i tō rorohiko

He maha ngā huarahi o ngā raraunga (kuputuhi, ngā tau, whakairoiro, ataata, tangi) i te rorohiko. te mōhiohio katoa tukatuka e te rorohiko, māngai i roto i te waehere ā-rua - ki te tau 1 me te 0 e huaina moka. Tū, Ko tenei tikanga e whakatinana tino māmā: 1 - he reira, 0 te tohu hiko - ngaro. Mai i te tirohanga tangata, he whakararuraru mo te perception enei waehere - rārangi roa o ngā kore, me te hunga e tohu nga tohu whakawaeheretia he tino uaua ki te kīa nei tonu. Ko tenei hōputu tuhi whakaatu tonu e taua mōhiohio Tapa. Hei tauira, rite te raupapa e whai ake nei o nga paraire te tau 8 i roto i te waru-mati puka ā-rua titiro: 000001000. Ko he reira uaua ki te tangata, tika te rorohiko. Electronics māmā ki te hapai i maha āhuatanga ohie atu i te nui iti o te matatini.

Whakawaehere kuputuhi

A, no te pēhi tatou te pātene i runga i te papapātuhi, e tango te rorohiko kei te rapu i te waehere motuhake o te pātene aki hoki reira i roto i te tepu paerewa pūāhua ASCII (American Pārongo mō te Waehere), "matau" he aha te pātene aki te, a ka whakawhiti tenei waehere mō te tukatuka atu (hei tauira, mō te pūāhua whakaatu ). Hoki te rokiroki waehere pūāhua i roto i te puka ā-rua mā te whakamahi i 8 paraire, na te tau mōrahi o ngā ōrite 256. Ko te pūāhua tuatahi 128 whakamahia mō te mana pūāhua, tau, me pukapuka. tikanga te hawhe tuarua te hoki tohu motu, me te tupurangi.

Whakawaehere kuputuhi

ka waiho te reira māmā ki te matau te mea ko te whakawaehere o ngā mōhiohio, hei tauira. A feruri i te Ingarihi waehere pūāhua "C" me te pukapuka Russian "C". Kia mahara e nga tohu unu whakapaipai, a ka he rerekē i pūriki ratou waehere. e titiro pūāhua Ingarihi rite 01000010, ko Russian - 11010001. Ko te meka e te tangata i runga i te mata titiro te taua, kite tino rerekē te rorohiko. Ko reira ano hoki e tika ana ki te whakarongo ki te meka e noho nga waehere o te pūāhua tuatahi 128 te taua, engari timata i 129, me te ka kia hāngai kotahi waehere ā-rua ki rerekē pukapuka, i runga i te tepu waehere rānei. Hei tauira, te waehere ira 194 kia hāngai ki te reta koi8 "b" i roto i te SR1251 - "B" i roto i te ISO - «T», a i roto i te SR866 waehere me Mus whānui e kore e tenei waehere ōrite tetahi kotahi pūāhua. Na reira, ka whakatuwhera koutou i te kuputuhi, kite tatou hei utu o kupu Russian mangamangaiatua pūāhua ārepa, e te tikanga e kore ko tenei mōhiohio whakawaehere mo tatou, ka hiahia koe ki te tīpako i tētahi tohu moni rerekē.

tau Whakawaehere

I roto i te pūnaha ā-rua e mau kōwhiringa e rua anake ngā uara - 0 me 1. ngā mahi taketake katoa ki tau ā-rua mā te whakamahi i te pūtaiao i huaina tauhanga ā-rua. Enei mahi i to ratou ake āhuatanga. Tangohia, hei tauira, te tau 45, pato i runga i te papapātuhi. Ia tau he ona ake waehere waru-mati i roto i te tepu waehere ASCII, na ni'ai te tau e rua paita (16 paraire): 5 - 01,010,011 4 - 01.000.011. Hei whakamahi i tēnei tau i roto i te tātai, e iritihia te reira e te hātepe motuhake ki te pūnaha tau ā-rua i roto i te puka o te tau ā-rua waru-mati: 45 - 00101101.

Waehere me te tukatuka o whakairoiro

I roto i te 50-doma i runga i nga rorohiko e e tino whakamahia nuitia i roto i ngā take pūtaiao, me te hōia, mo te wa tuatahi ka mohio te whakaatu kauwhata o raraunga. I teie mahana, te mātakitaki o ngā mōhiohio i te rorohiko, he he noa, me te waia ki tetahi tangata tītohunga, a i roto i aua ra whakaputaina reira he revolution faahiahia i roto i te mahi ki te hangarau. Mahalo pāngia e te pānga o te konä tangata: kei te pai digested he kanohi ataata o ngā mōhiohio, me te whakaae. He tupeke nui mua i roto i te whanaketanga mātakitaki raraunga puta i roto i te 80, ka riro te whakawaehere me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio whakairoiro whanaketanga kaha.

Tairitenga me whakairoiro motuhake mahi

mōhiohio whakairoiro Ko o e rua ngā momo: tairitenga (he peita ki tonu te huri te tae) me motuhake (pikitia tënei o te plurality o rerekē pika tae). Hoki te haratau o te mahi ki te whakapakoko i runga i to ratou rorohiko tukinotia - tīpako mokowā, ai whakaritea i ia huānga te he uara tae motuhake i roto i te puka o te waehere ahurei. Waehere me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio kauwhata rite ki te mahi ki te mosaic titoa o maha whatiwhatinga iti. Ai he ti'aturi i runga i te rahi o ngā ira te kounga whakawaehere (te iti te rahi o te huānga - ka whai nga ngā te nui rahi ia rohe wae, - te kounga teitei) me te rahi o te papatae o ngā tae e whakamahia ana (kia tango i te teitei te āhua tae ia wāhi, aua, e mau ana ētahi atu mōhiohio, te pai te kounga ).

Te hanga me te rokiroki kauwhata

He maha ngā hōputu nui image - pere, Raster, me rauponga. Motuhake whakaaro he huinga o Raster me te pere - he whānui i roto i to tatou wa rongorau 3D-whakairoiro e tohu ana i te tikanga me ngā tikanga o te hanga taonga e toru-ahu i roto i te wāhi mariko. he rerekē hoki ia hōputu image waehere me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio kauwhata, me te rongorau.

maheremoka

Ko te ngako o te hōputu whakairoiro e te wehea te pikitia ki ngā ira iti tae (pika). Ko te runga mana wāhi maui. tīmata Tapa mōhiohio image tonu i te koki ki maui o te aho whakapakoko i raina, e tango ia pika he waehere tae. Ka taea te tātai displacement maheremoka i whakanuia i te maha o ngā i runga i te rōrahi mōhiohio o ia (e tei runga i te maha o rerekē te tae). Ko te teitei te taumira o te aroturuki, te atu te maha o ngā rārangi Raster me ira i roto i ia rarangi, aua, image teitei kounga. Ka taea te whakamahi waehere ā-rua mō te tukanga ahua raraunga o te momo Raster, mai te wherikotanga o ia wāhi, me te taea te māngai nga taunga o tona wāhi rite tau tōpu.

image Vector

heke Tapa whakairoiro me rongorau mōhiohio momo pere e ki te meka i māngai te ahanoa whakairoiro e i roto i te puka o wāhanga timatanga me arcs. āhuatanga Raina, e fakatu'unga ahanoa he āhua (tika ānau ranei), tae, matotoru, kāhua (taia ranei raina mārō). Ko te hunga rārangi e kua katia, i tetahi atu taonga - te whakakī i ētahi atu taonga tae ranei. whakaritea te tūnga o te ahanoa e nga ngā o timatanga me te mutunga o te raina, me te pūtoro o te curvature o te pewa. whakairoiro Volume i roto i te hōputu pere Raster nui iti, engari e rapu pūmanawa motuhake ki tiro kauwhata o tenei momo. He hoki ngā hōtaka - vectorizers e whakaahua ana whakapakoko Raster ki pere.

whakairoiro rauponga

Tenei momo o te whakairoiro rite te pere, e hāngai ana i runga i tātaitanga pāngarau, engari he mea i te whakauru taketake o te tātai iho. I roto i te mahara rorohiko i reira he kore hiahia ki te rokiroki i tetahi whakapakoko ranei ahanoa, unu te pikitia kei te i te tātai iho anake. Tūtohi o tenei momo, ko te watea ki te sioloto kore anake hanganga auau ohie, engari ano hoki whakaahua matatini, whaihanga,, te whenua i roto i ngā kēmu Hōrite ranei mo te tauira.

ngaru Oro

He aha te mea te whakawaehere o ngā mōhiohio, heoi e taea te whakaatu i te reira i runga i te tauira o te mahi ki te tangi. E matau ana tatou e he ki tonu i te oro to tatou ao. Mai nga wa onamata, kua ngā iwi i roto i te āhua o e hua oro - he poipoi o rangi kōpeke, me te rarefied, e pa i te torino. He tangata ka taea e kite poipoi ki te auautanga o te 16 Hz ki te 20 kHz (1 Hertz - kotahi oscillation ia te rua). E huaina tangi ngaru katoa nei auau wiri waho o tenei awhe.

āhuatanga o te reo

tangi āhuatanga he reo, te timbre (tae tangi o e tei runga i te pukangaru), te teitei (te auau o i whakaritea e te auau o oscillations ia tuarua) me te rōrahi o e tei runga i te kaha o wiri. Kei Tetahi tūturu tangi o te ranunga o te oscillation hawarite ki te huinga whakaritea o iarere. ka karanga Wobble ki te auautanga raro ko te reo taketake, te etahi - overtones. homai te āhua tae motuhake te reo - nui rerekē o overtones tūturu i roto i ïa i tenei tangi. E oro, e taea e tatou e ite i te reo o te hunga i aroha, ki te wehewehe i te reo o nga mea whakatangi.

Hōtaka mō te mahi ki te tangi

Herenga i runga i te taumahinga o te hōtaka e taea te wehea ki te maha ngā momo: taputapu me ngā atekōkiri mō kāri tangi, mahi tahi ratou i te taumata iti, ētita oro e mahi ngā ngā mahi ki ngā kōnae oro, me te tono ngā pānga ki a ratou, synthesizers pūmanawa me pūtahuri, orotahi-mamati ( ADC) me mamati-ki-tairitenga (DAC).

whakawaehere ororongo

Waehere o ngā mōhiohio rongorau ko ki te tahuri te tangi tairitenga ki te natura motuhake mō te tukatuka atu watea. e tango ADC te tāuru tohu tairitenga, ine tona kaha tīwera i etahi wā wa, me te whakaputanga o te raupapa mamati ki huringa o raraunga tīwera. puta No huringa tinana.

He motuhake te tohu putanga, Heoi, ko te atu te auau tīwera inenga (tauira), hāngai te atu ïa te tohu putanga ki te wāhi, te mōhiohio rongorau pai Tapa whitinga me te tukatuka. E kīia ana hoki ngā tauira ki rite te raupapa whakahau o raraunga mamati whiwhi i roto i te ADC. Kei te ka huaina te tukanga iho tīpako, i roto i Russian - tango.

mahi te huringa kōaro e DAC i runga i te riro tāuru raraunga mamati i te tetahi wa arata'i ki te whakatupuranga o te tohu hiko tīwera tika.

tawhā tīpako

Seplirovaniya tawhā matua e kore anake te ine auau, engari ano hoki te bit - te tika o ine te huringa o te kaha tīwera o ia tauira. tuku te whakarorohikotanga tika atu te ka te uara i roto i ia kōwae o te wā te kaha tīwera tohu, te teitei te kounga o te tohu i muri i te ADC, te teitei te tika o te poipoi whakaora i roto i te faafariuraa whakamuri.