Mātanga me te hītori o Tomsk

Hei ako i te hītori o te pa ko nga wa katoa ngā. I muri i te katoa, ara o te ora ko pa ahurei, a hohoro tīmata koe ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te whakaaro o ia o ratou i roto i te whenua.

tirohanga

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te hītori o te pa o Tomsk, e pā ana ki te aha haeretia tupu ia, ka whakawhanakehia runga wha rau tau. Ko maere e te tikanga tenei whakataunga i hoki herehere, me te te taviniraa iwi reira, engari i roto i te wā poto ka mamafa maha atu pa kāinga. I roto i te 1991 Tomsk homai te mana o te pa o mua, kia rite ki te āhua pai o te tiaki o te ahurei hītori whare, whenua, me te pera i runga i roto i. I roto i te honore o tenei pa, ko te asteroid (4931). Ko te ingoa o te pa, me te ingoa karihi te poti ruku K-150 "Tomsk", wahi o te Russian Pacific Fleet. Kaituhi Alexander Volkov whakaahuareka me kawakawa o te pa, i te mea he aha, ko te tohunga i roto i te korero patupaiarehe o te Emerald City!

korerotia hītori Tomsk kua tatou e i te pa ingoa tetahi - Siberian Atene. Kua hiahia koe ki te mohio he aha te na reira te ingoa? Na ka haere i mua!

Ko te turanga o Tomsk pa

Tenei mīharo pa tawhito Siberian o manukanuka hītori me whaipara noa tenei ra, a mea katoa no te mea i roto i 1604 puta Kingi Boris he tikanga i runga i te pūtake o te pa i roto i te "wahi pakeke i te aroha noa o te Atua ...." E neke atu i te wha rau tau te hītori o te pa o Tomsk!

ui Prince Toyan mo tokoni i te kingi ki te korero, me te tiaki o ratou whenua. Katahi te ariki, a i te whakaaro ki te kitea tetahi pa i roto i nga maunga e tata ana Cape raa Tom awa. Ko te kuware History o ingoa Tomsk: te ingoa o te pa ko muri i te awa i runga i nei hanga ki te taha o te pareparenga. I te mutunga o Mahuru o te taua tau i oti ai te hanga o te whakataunga.

hanga Tomsk pa i roto i te tikanga o "Gorodnya." i te turanga, he quadrangle pa, he tapuwae o 0.2 heketea. Ko te taiepa Burg tae mōrahi 6.5 m. He ko 4 pourewa i te koki o te Turi. I runga i te raki me te ritenga, i hanga taha tonga o te taiepa carriageways pourewa, ko ratou teitei 13 me 22 mita. I roto i te whakataunga i retireti iho whare, Kawana marae, ngā whare witi me whare witi, me te Trinity Ekalesia, whakaturia i roto i te 1606.

Ko te pa iti taua o Tomsk. Ko ohie te hītori o te turanga, engari e kore e taea te amuitahiraa te pa o te faufaa i roto i o te kāwanatanga Russian te whakarau.

tonu Tomic ki te whakakaha me te hanga taiepa hou o te pa tawhito. Ko te kupu, i roto i 1609 te "toru taiepa" ki te taha ki te raki o te pa prirub tetahi whare herehere. Ko te roa tapeke o te taiepa i pā ana ki 604 iāri me rua whatianga. Oti e rua turi, me te haere i te pourewa. Na te rohe o whare katoa o Tomsk kua tawhio 4 heketea. E kore e oti te aamu, ki te hanga o Tomsk.

Ko te wāhanga i muri mai o te hanganga

hanga tetahi pa i roto i 1634 i runga i ngā taha e rua o te awa Ushayka awa, kia rite ki te nuinga o nga tangata i ora ai i reira. E kāinga karanga "te raro pa." tangohia huānga ahi kua mea ata whakaaro Tomsk i 1639 me 1643, aua. I kino tahuna te pa. I tenei wa i ora kua rua mano tangata i roto i te Tomsk. O enei, neke atu i te 700 kaimahi, tradespeople me te piha ratonga iwi.

I muri i te ahi i roto i te 1652, oti tangata me kaihoahoa hanga o taiepa te pa o.

Na roto i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā whitu, Tomsk - karapotia te pa rakau te tuwatawata, me 7 hanga-carriageway me pourewa turi. no Kura pa ki te pa i te taha ki te raki o te taiepa, te wahi i reira ko te pourewa taraiwa nui.

I roto i 1734 i roto i te Tomsk mai G. F. Miller - te historiography motu. I roto i tona rātaka tuhituhi ia e te hītori o turanga o Tomsk he mīharo, tona tupu faahiahia ratou ake tere. Ia tuhipoka hoki i hanga te pa "i runga i te tauira o nga whare rakau," me te i roto i te pourewa tata nga tatau i te pū ki te ahi. He ko tetahi pourewa - te whitu, ki te tohunga rawa. no reira ki te Ekalesia Tokotoru. Muri ko te wahi kaha, he iti pa, i roto i te rau tau XVIII ruwha ana herehere Swedes.

Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII, i wehea te pa kia whitu nga wahi. te whakapakari i te pa kihai i tiaki. A i roto i te pa, ko:

• 7 hahi.
• 1 Monastery.
• 237 = 3 toa he maha o te hokohoko.
• 1500 kāinga tāone.
• 7500 tangata.

hītori Tomsk, tuhia i roto i te meatanga, ta e i roto i 1723 taupori i te pa o o e pā ana ki 9000 tangata o akomanga rerekē.

noho te pa

ka Siberian Tomsk te pokapū i roto i ngā o te ohaoha, geography me te kaupapa here hōia mō te maha o ngā take. Kia titiro a ki a ratou.

Tuatahi, Tomsk - he pokapū haere i reira ngā rōpū o mua ki te tutei a tawhio noa te whenua kore-nonga i nga maunga Altai, nga hikuwai o te Yenisei ki steppes Transbaikalia me ara te Pacific Ocean! E ara whariki iwi piha ratonga Tomsk i te tuatahi o nga whanuitanga Siberian.

Tuarua, ko te pūtake ōhanga tuatahi mo te whanaketanga o te pa te ahuwhenua parau. whai te reira e no te Tomsk ki parau pa Russian. Maoro, puta te pa, me te whakawhanake mahi. Kua i roto i 1626, i te pa atu atu i te 20 kaimahi. I muri i te 30 nga tau, i tenei tau nui haere e 2.5 wā. Ahakoa he rau nga tau i roto i Tomich neke atu i 380 kaimahi o tino rerekē. I roto ia ratou ko te rangatira-ngaio: .. kaipeita Ata, Armorer, watchmakers, me ētahi atu I te timatanga o te rautau tekau mā whitu, kia rite ki kitea e te hītori o te pa o Tomsk, putake mai i te tango, o te ore rino i roto i te tauine ahumahi. tae woodworking me kāmura nga tihi teitei. Tomsk hoahoanga o tenei haamauraa. whare Kōrero Tomsk ka kia tatou whakaaro i muri.

Te toru, he wawe rawa te pa, me te hohoro ka te pokapū hokohoko nui rawa, pera i whakapumautia i roto i te tata o te rohe Siberian tonga. Tomsk - Center ngā tauwhiro o nga iwi o Siberia.

pūtahi mātauranga

I roto i te rohe Siberian o Tomsk i te mata i roto i te tūranga i runga i te maha o ngā kura mō te 100 tau. Kua i 1878, i roto i tenei pa i whakatuwheratia te University tuatahi Imperial i Russia tua atu i te Urals.

University ingoa i muri i V. V. Kuybysheva whakaaro te whare wānanga matamua i roto i Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. History o Tomsk whakakitea e mea i hanga ki roto i 1880. E rave rahi matahiti i muri mai, ka whakatuwheratia e te institution he aravihi hauora me te ture. I tua atu, i runga i te pūtake o Tomsk State ngä University whakawhanakehia me ngā pūtahi hauora.

I roto i te 1976 whakatuwheratia Tsu tari i roto i ahunga:

• tinana;
• Radio Physics;
• Mechanics me Pāngarau;
• Ahupūngao me te Hangarau;
• Geology me Geography;
• Applied Mathematics;
• matū;
• oneone me te koiora;
• ture;
• philology;
• hītori;
• ohaoha;
• whakangungu;
• Graduate School;
• Faaineineraa a reta tari.

whakatuwheratia te Tsu ngā whare rangahau i roto i te mara o rehe me te pāngarau, te koiora, me biophysics. He he whare wānanga kari huaota me te maha taonga:

• mineralogy;
• paleontology;
• kararehe;
• whaipara;
• ka hia;
• herbarium.

Te whare pukapuka pūtaiao he i runga i ona whata e toru miriona ngā pukapuka.

hanga whare mō ngā ākonga o Tbilisi State University i roto i 1883 katoa i runga i moni takoha kohia. Ko te ruma i taonga me oko e tika ana mō te ākonga noho whakamarie. Hoki ratou i tuwhera whare kai me te whare pukapuka. Na te tikanga i roto i te whare puni minita tirotiro i muri.

Ko te watea, me te ahurea wāhanga o te ora pa, ka kua kitea i roto i te rau tau 19 i Philharmonic, whare me ngā whare taonga.

ētahi tatauranga

Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te Tomsk State University nui pānga te kounga o te ora - te qualitatively ake reira. E kore te mea tenei maere, no te mea i muri i te 100 tau i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te Whare Wānanga o tuhia tata 2,000 ngā kaiako, ngā kaiako me ngā kairangahau, tae atu 70 ahorangi me kaiwhakaako o ngā sciences, e pā ana ki 450 ahorangi kaiāwhina me ngā kaitono, me te maha o ngā ākonga nui 8,000.

Ko te ahua o waho o te pa

e ai ta History o Tomsk Whare e hoahoanga rakau, me te hoahoanga o te wā e te pakeke e kore anake, engari ano hoki puka ataahua, facades ātaahua, Q me te mīharo hoahoa whakairo.

I teie mahana, e taea kite i tetahi maha whare e whakaatu manuhiri ahua te pa o e rua rau tau ki muri. hahi Tino ataahua o te raa, i hanga i roto i te kāhua Baroque. titiro hoki mīharo Gostiny Dvor i te mākete, hanga o te kohatu. He whare i hanga i roto i te kāhua o te Classicism:

• Kai (1802-1812 gg.).
• tari Kāwanatanga (1830-1842 gg.).
• matatini Exchange (1854-1854 gg.).
• Ko te whare tuatahi o Tbilisi State University (1880-1885 gg.).

kawakawa nui, tiaki o ngā wāhi ngahere, he rota o te kohatu, me ngā whare rakau ki te whakairo ahurei - te āhuatanga e titore nga ara o Tomsk. E whakaatu ana History tatou i roto i te hoahoanga rakau ahurei, engari, kāore, he maha nui o whare rakau i ngaro e maha ahi. I teie mahana, hoko he whare hararei, Tomichi whakapaipai ona matapihi me tatau he whakairo rakau, āta tiaki ratou i nga whakarerenga iho o nga raau Siberian. whakapaipai hoki käinga ratou mau fare i runga i nga waho o Tomsk.

te wahi ki te haere

institution	wāhitau	āhuatanga
taonga o te tikanga ā-rohe	Frunze Avenue, d. 2	Whakaturia i roto i Maehe 1922, i roto i te whare o Tomsk Gold Mining I. D. Astasheva. Āwhina i roto i te hanganga o te whakaaturanga, me te whakaatu taonga i Tretyakov Gallery me te Rumyantsev Museum
Museum o Architecture rakau	Kirov Prospect, d. 7	Kei te whare taonga i roto i te whare-tohu o hoahoanga Russian o hiranga e hānga ana. hanga te whare te o rangitaki, hanga kuti te i roto i te kāhua hou. Kei whakaaturanga Museum te i runga i te rua o nga patunga witi, a tae noa i roto i te tuanui. He āhua 200 whakaaturanga, me te 300 ahanoa te Fund e penapena reira fakataimi
Aua'e râ pou	Shevchenko Street, d. 19	Sculpture i roto i te puka o te wuruhi he ingoa tetahi - "Right inaianei himene." Reira kihai whakatuwheratia pera i mua, i roto i te 2005. tu Wolf mō te oaoa, rite ki te kaituhi o te kaupapa Leontiya Usova
tohu RUPO	rohe Novo-Cathedral	Taumaha rakau moni e pā ana ki 250 kg. Hanga taua moni i roto i o pine. Tuatahi, i te whakangaromanga o tona makuku hipoki ki te otinga motuhake, engari ka "tākai" i roto i te pouaka kirihou mārama motuhake
Museum o hītori Tomsk pa	Street Bakunin, d. 3	iriti i te reira i ki te iwi whānui tata anake, i roto i te 2003. huaina te whakaaturanga ko "Te Century Tuatahi o Tomsk"
Ihowā te Cathedral	Lenin Square, d. 8	Ko tētahi o nga cathedrals matamua i roto i Tomsk. Whakaturia i roto i te 1630
aorangi	Lenin Avenue, d. 82, k. 1	I runga i te pūtake o Tsu
Theatre "buffoon" ingoa i muri i R. Vindermana	Ko te rohe o Tote, d. 4	whakatuwheratia te whare tapere ona tatau ki manuhiri i roto i te 40 tau o te rau tau rua tekau. Tenei wahi nui ki te toro ki ngā tamariki taitamariki, rite whakaputanga katoa whakamana ki hurio
Museum ngā kōrero Slavic	Street Zagorny, d. 12	Ko te whare taonga nui rawa o te tawhē Ural. Exhibitors ngā whakaaturanga ahurei. peita papa peita, whakairoiro - me te tenei katoa e hāngai ana i runga i to tatou pūrākau, e hāngai ana i runga i tales iwi Russian. mai Ancient Rus 'ora i roto i mua o te manuhiri taonga

He aha te manuhiri taa'eraa

Mai Tomsk - pa Siberian tawhito, i reira e maha whare hītori. I teie mahana noho te whare taonga e, pareparenga, ratonga whakahaere i roto i a ratou. He maha hahi Siu, i reira te mea he hahi, me te ara he Korāna. I teie mahana, i runga i te whenua i mua Tomsk pa e rima whare wänanga, ko nga kaitapere i runga i te atamira o te Drama Theatre. Ko te maha nui o urupa ahurei, me te rorirori whakapaipai i nga waharoa pa. Otiia i waho te pa i reira he wae e kore e e iti ngā me te whai kiko!

Hei tauira, te awa runga Basandayki whiua e pā ana ki 15 puna ki rerekē te wai curative. ka karanga E toru pa matua rite "Talovskie peihana." ingoa fakaefakatātā taua riro ratou e tika ana ki te tote kotakota roto i ratou. Haere atu ki te mata o te awa, te wāhanga i whai ahua ai te taiepa porotītaha me whakapouri reira no te mea o te ihirangi o te waikura konupora. He te tawhā te peihana nui:

• matotoru taiepa - 30 cm;
• teitei - 1 mita;
• Length - 4 mita.

ta te reira i te wai Talovskaya kore whakaora anake, engari ahuareka ano ki te reka. Maere Ko te meka e i roto i te hotoke pakeke, e kore e enei mau taviri whakatio ake.

he taonga i roto i te kohatu whakamaharatanga ahurei e tika kore iti whakarongo atu te temepara Gostiny Dvor ranei Tomsk āhua.

mutunga

He tonu o ngā me ngā meka hītori Tomsk. Kei te tere te pa tipu me te whakawhanake. I roto i te rau tau 4, tutuki ia te mea he tokomaha o te pa e kore i taea e iriti i roto i te mano tau.

Kua hanga City, a whakawhanakehia he momo o te hanganga. I teie mahana, te raruraru matua - ki te pupuri me te whakapai ake i te reira. I tua atu, i reira he āwangawanga Tomsk - tiaki o te tangata hītori, hiahia auaha Siberian Atene - hītori pokapū ahurea. He maha nui o mehua tangohia, engari ano hoki i te rota ki te kia meatia ki te mana.

History o Tomsk poto, me te mārama whakaatu nga manuhiri ki te pa o tona nui, angitu me te ahunga whakamua.

Tūruhi nei tae mai Tomsk, mea e i roto i tenei pa tenei e taea e kore ki te hinga i roto i te aroha. kite ratou poke reira, me te pai te tiaki i. Kei te kite te reira i e he huatau ki pedestrians te taraiwa. whakaahua Women reira rite pa awhiawhi, me te tino. He pārekareka ki nga tangata Tomsk Beer Museum. Ahakoa te meka i whakaaro te pa te ki kia tawhito, i reira e maha te iwi taitamariki e whakauru i roto i te whare wānanga tūmatanui me kareti.

Ki te whiwhi ki tenei pa ahakoa, me te hītori taea e na roto i te waka rererangi, tereina, pahi me o motokā akoranga. ahakoa poto i Novosibirsk: 250 km - a ko koe ki reira.