Marama hihi katinga: te whakamahi, mahi me te tiaki i te reira

pūngao kōmaru he ngaru hiko, e kua wehea ki te maha nga wahi o te tūāwhiorangi:

• X-hihi - ki te roangaru poto (i raro 2 nm);
• roa poipoi UV he i te 2 ki te 400 nm;
• te wahi kitea o te marama riro nei i te kanohi me te kararehe (400-750 nm) tangata;
• oxidative mahana (pōkākā) radiation (i runga 750 nm).

kitea e ia wahi tona tono, me te he o te faufaa rahi i roto i te ora o te ao, me katoa o tona koiora. whakaaro tatou e te hihi kei roto i te ngā i te 2 ki te 400 nm, te wahi e whakamahia ratou me te mea tūranga i roto i te oraraa o te iwi.

History o te kitea o te UV radiation

Ko te tohutoro tuatahi rā hoki ki te rau tau XIII i te whakaahuatanga o te philosopho i India. tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki te marama puru kanohi e kitea, e kua kitea e ratou. Heoi, ki te kaha hangarau o te wā mārama kore whakaū tenei experimentally ka ako i roto i te taipitopito.

whakahaere reira rite he reira rima senituli muri, ahupūngao i Germany Ritter. Ko ia te tangata e kawea atu ngā i runga i te pūhaumāota hiriwa i te pirau o reira i raro i te mana o te radiation hiko. kitea pūtaiao e kore ko te tere te tukanga i roto i te mara o te marama, i te na reira kua whakatuwheratia a huaina te pōkākā, engari te ritenga. tahuri te reira i roto i e ko te wāhi hou tenei, kua kore ano i whakawakia.

Ko te kupu, kitea hihi katinga radiation i roto i 1842, i ngā āhuatanga me tono e muri Nōna te arotake tino me te ako i te rerekē kairangahau. He takoha nui ki tenei i hanga e te iwi rite Alexander tēnei wā, Varshaver, Danzig, Macedonio Melloni, Frank, Parfenov, Galanin me etahi atu.

āhuatanga General

He aha te mea te radiation UV, te whakamahi o nei na whānui whakamahia tenei ra i roto i mara ngā o te mahi a te tangata? Tuatahi, he mea e tika ana ki te tautapa i te mea puta kaha ahua o te tūāwhiorangi o te marama anake i pāmahana tiketike rawa o 1500 ki te 2000 ⁰ C. Ko roto i tenei awhe UV pānga mahi tihi.

E te natura tino o tenei ngaru hiko, te roa o e rerekē i roto i te whānuitanga pai whānui - i 10 (i ētahi wā i 2) ki te 400 nm. Kei te wehea te whānuitanga katoa o te radiation ki ngā wāhi e rua:

1. whānuitanga waenganui. mai te reira i ki te whenua i roto i te huru, me te apa Ozone i te ra. Roangaru - 380-200 nm.
2. Tawhiti (korehau). Tino whenumi pekerangi, hāora, wāhanga kōhauhau. Ako anake whakahaere whakaaro mārua motuhake, hoki i riro ia tona ingoa. Roangaru - 200-2 nm.

He ona ake whakarōpū o te momo, i te mea radiation hihi katinga. Ngā Āhuatanga me tono he tetahi o ratou.

1. Te Middle.
2. Tawhiti.
3. Extreme.
4. Toharite.
5. Korehau.
6. Roa-poipoi marama pango (UV-A).
7. ngaru Germicidal (UV-C).
8. poipoi Waenga UV-B.

UV Roangaru ia momo kua ona ake, engari he ratou i roto i rohe tohua i mua whānui.

Interesting Ko te UV-A, pera-ka karanga te marama pango ranei. Ko te take i te tūāwhiorangi he roangaru o 400-315 nm. Kei runga i te rohe o te marama kitea e te kanohi tangata e taea ki te hopu. Na reira, haere tenei radiation i roto i etahi ahanoa kiko ranei e taea te whakawhiti ki te rohe o te marama puru kitea me te wehe i te iwi reira rite pango, pouri hue papura puru pouri ranei.

Ko te tūāwhiorangi, e whakarato kia o toru ngā momo puna o radiation hihi katinga:

• kingi;
• tonu;
• rāpoi (Way).

Ko te āhuatanga tuatahi o ngota, katote, hau. Ko te rōpū tuarua - mo te tauhono, bremsstrahlung. Ko te tino noa i roto i te ako o hau rāpoi rarefied Rauemi o te toru o nga momo.

Rauemi o te radiation hihi katinga

Kua wehea nga puna matua o hihi UV ki ngā wāhanga whānui e toru:

• māori ranei māori;
• horihori, te tangata-i hanga;
• taiaho.

Kei roto te rōpū tuatahi anake te ahua o te tari, me te whakamahana - te ra. Te reira i ORB homai he tiaki kaha o tenei momo e taea ki te haere i roto i ngaru te apa Ozone me tae mata o te whenua. Heoi, e kore taimaha katoa. Kua hoatu Scientists mua te ariā e te ora i runga i te whenua ahu anake ka kua riro te whakangungu rakau te pekerangi ki te tiaki i te reira i te kătahi nui o kino i roto i ngä nohanga tiketike o te UV radiation.

I roto i tenei wā ka taea e te parahi te tīariari rāpoi proteinaceous, waikawa karihi, me te ATP. Tae noa mai kahu i tenei ra Ozone ki tahi tata ki te nuinga o te UV-A, UV-B me te UV-C, e utua ratou kinokore, a kore tuku haere i roto i. Na reira, ko te tiaki ki UV radiation o te ao - anake tona kaiaka.

He aha whakatau te kukū o ongó te UV Earth? He maha ngā āhuatanga matua:

• rua pekerangi;
• teitei ki runga ake te taumata moana;
• teitei Hinetakurua;
• purara kōhauhau;
• tohu o te whakaata o hihi i te papa whenua māori;
• te āhua o te kapua o te kohu.

whānuitanga radiation hihi katinga, ngoto te whenua i te ra, pae i 200 ki te 400 nm.

Ko te puna e whai ake nei - he horihori. Ko ētahi o ēnei aua mea katoa, whakaaro, whakaurunga e kua hangaia e te tangata ki te whakatutuki i te whānuitanga o te marama e hiahiatia ana ki te tawhā roangaru tohua. I meatia tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi i te radiation hihi katinga, kia kia tino whai hua i roto i ngā mara te whakamahi o nei. Hoki puna horihori ngā:

1. rama Erithema he he kaha ki te whakahohe i te ariā o te huaora D i roto i te kiri. ārai te reira i kōiwi, me fakamo'ui tona mate.
2. Taputapu mo te tanning, i roto i nei i te iwi e kore e ataahua tūturu tan anake, engari tukinotia hoki mate i puta ake i te kore o te tuwhera rā (korekore hotoke pera-ka karanga).
3. Tahu attractants taea ki a koe whawhai ki ngā ngārara i roto i te wāhi haumaru mō te tangata.
4. pūrere mēkuri kiripaka.
5. Excilamp.
6. pūrere Luminescent.
7. rama hautūāpōkere.
8. Fakahoko pūrere.
9. wē High-pāmahana.
10. radiation Synchrotron i roto i accelerators.

Ko tētahi atu momo o puna - lasers. hāngai ana ratou mahi i runga i te whakatupuranga o ngā hau - e rua e mangere me te kahore. Ka taea e te puna e:

• hauota;
• hauhauhā;
• haukura;
• hautūāpōkere;
• scintillators Organic;
• tioata.

More tata, e pā ana ki 4 nga tau ki muri, i whakaaro ai i te taiaho whakahaere i runga i irahiko noa. roa ki reira UV rite ki taua kitea i roto i te korehau. Distributors Taiaho UV whakamahia i roto i te hangarau koiora, akoranga microbiological, spectrometry papatipu, me te pera atu.

pānga koiora i runga i kaiao

Ko te mahi o te radiation hihi katinga i runga i nga mea ora i roto i ara e rua. I runga i te ringa kotahi, Ka taea e te mate puta ina iti. tahuri te reira i roto i anake i te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga. irradiation Artificial motuhake UV-A i roto i te paerewa e hiahiatia ana he ahei o:

• whakapakari i te mahi o te wātea i te mate;
• meinga te hanganga o ngā pūhui nui vasodilator (histamine, hei tauira);
• whakapakari i te pūnaha kiri-uaua;
• te whakapai ake pūkahukahu mahi, ake i te kaha o te utu hau;
• pā i te tere me te kounga o te pākia e;
• ake i te reo o te tinana mā te whakahohe taiki;
• whakanui i te uruhanga o nga taiepa oko o te kiri.

Ki te ingested UV-A i roto i te nui rawaka te, na e kore te reira e whai taua disorders rite te korekore hemokai marama hotoke ranei, me te tino heke te mōrea o kōiwi.

Pānga o te hihi katinga radiation i runga i te take o te momo e whai ake nei:

• bactericidal;
• anti-inflammatory;
• te whakaoranga;
• inumia.

te nuinga whakamārama ēnei āhuatanga te whakamahi whānui o UV i whakaurunga hauora o tetahi momo.

Heoi, haunga enei painga, i reira he downsides. He he maha o mate me ma'i e taea te hokona, ki te kahore dopoluchaet ranei, hei kōrero, ki te tango i roto i rahi whakaaro poipoi.

1. mate pukupuku kiri. Ko te pānga tino kino o te hihi katinga radiation tenei. e rua māori me te hangaia, - e taea ki te kia i hanga e te ngaru pānga nui i tetahi puna tonapuku ko. Ko rawa pono o te pā o te tanning roto tenei. I roto i te mehua e tika ana, me te tūpato.
2. Ko te pānga kino i runga i te etine o te nenewha. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kia whakawhanake i te pokonga, pterygium anga weranga ranei. Kua nga pānga kino o te UV nui i runga i te kanohi kua kï e te pūtaiao mō te wa roa, me te e whakapumautia e raraunga whakamātautau. Na reira, ka mahi ki enei puna kia ū ki ngā ture haumaru. I te huarahi, ka taea e koe te tiaki ia koe i te whakamahi i mohiti. Heoi, i roto i tenei take, kia waiho koutou tūpato o fakes, no te mea ki te kore te rite rawa te karaihe ki te whiriwhiringa UV-atiati, ka hei te pānga kino noa kaha.
3. Weranga i runga i te kiri. I roto i te raumati, e taea te hanga ratou moni, ki te maka atu uncontrollably wa roa koe ki UV. I roto i te hotoke, ka taea e te tiki ia ratou e koe i roto o te hukarere whakaatu āhuatanga tata katoa te raraunga poipoi. Na reira, puta te irradiation i te Rā, me i te hukarere.
4. Aging. Ki te i roa kua iwi i raro i te mana o UV, ka tīmata ratou ki te whakaatu i nga tohu o te hoholo kiri wawe: he whakaroa, kita, laxity. mai te reira i i te meka e whakawarea te mahi arai paruru o pepa, me te whati.
5. Ko te pānga o te pānga i roto i te wa. He ki te whakaatu i te kore pānga tōraro i te kuao tau, me ofi ki tūranga.

Ko nga hopearaa o pakaru o UV horopeta, arā, katoa o enei hua puta ratou ka kawea te whakamahi o te radiation hihi katinga te i roto i auhia, tika me kahore tautuku ki mehua haumarutanga.

radiation hihi katinga: tono

E fakalili'a e āhuatanga rauemi nga wāhi matua o te whakamahi. he pono hoki radiation poipoi spectral hoki tenei. Ko te kupu, nga āhuatanga matua o te UV, e hāngai ana nei i runga i tona whakamahi, he:

• High taumata mahi matū;
• pānga bactericidal i runga i kaiao;
• kaha ki te meinga luminescence o ngā matū kara rerekē kitea ki te kanohi tangata (luminescence).

Na te reira e whānui te whakamahi o ultra-puru radiation. Tono ngā:

• tātari spectrometric;
• rangahau arorangi;
• rongoā;
• sterilization;
• disinfection o te wai inu;
• photolithography;
• kohuke ako tātari;
• whiriwhiringa UV;
• mō te hopu pepeke;
• ki te pehea o te huakita me te huaketo.

Ia o ēnei wāhanga e whakamahia ana he momo motuhake o te UV hihinga me ki tona roangaru. Aita i maoro a'e, Kei te whānui whakamahia momo radiation kaha i roto i ngā akoranga matū, me te tinana (faaotiraa whirihoranga irahiko o te ngota, rāpoi, me te hanganga karaihe o ngā pūhui, te mahi ki te katote, tātaritanga panoni tinana i ngā wāhi rerekē).

He ko tetahi āhuatanga o te pānga o UV i runga i te mea. E taea e ki te hanehane i raro i te mana o te puna tūturu kaha o ngaru raraunga ētahi rauemi polymeric. Hei tauira, pērā i:

• Polyethylene tetahi pēhanga;
• polypropylene;
• PMMA plexiglass ranei.

He aha kua te pānga? ngaro Products hanga o enei rauemi ratou tae, crack, memeha, me te pae hopea whakangaromia. Na reira, kua huaina ratou waerau tairongo. kaha whakamahi ana tēnei āhuatanga o te kinonga o te mekameka waro i te tikanga marama solar i roto i nanotechnology, x-ray lithography, me ētahi atu wāhanga o te transplantation. meatia ana tēnei te nuinga ki te maeneene te mata roughness o ngā hua.

Spectrometry - te wāhi matua o te matū tātari e tohunga ana i roto i te tāutu o pūhui, me ratou hanganga i te kaha ki te takanga mai UV marama o te tetahi roangaru. Huri i te reira i roto i taua he ahurei hoki ia taonga nga tūāwhiorangi, koia ko reira taea ki te whakarōpū i te spectrometry hua.

Ano, kawea te whakamahi o te radiation germicidal katinga te atu ki te kukume me te whakamatea ngārara. E hāngai ana te mahi i runga i te kaha o te kanohi o ki te hopu i te pepeke tangata e kitea, tūāwhiorangi poto-poipoi. Na reira e rere kararehe ki te pūtake, te wahi kitea ki te whakangaromanga.

Mā te solariums - tāuta motuhake momo poutū me te whakapae i roto i i kitea te tinana tangata te ki UV-A. meatia tenei e ki te whakarei ake i te hanga o te melanin i te kiri, hoatu ana e ia he tae mumura, whakapati. I tua atu, kei te maroke te mumura me te whakangaromia e huakita kino i runga i te mata o te integument. kia utua ngā whakarongo ki te tiaki o kanohi, ngā wāhi tairongo.

te mara hauora

Kei te hāngai hoki te whakamahi o te radiation hihi katinga i roto i te rongoā i runga i tona kaha ki te whakangaro i te kanohi kitea o kaiao ora - huakita me huaketo, ka i nga āhuatanga e puta i roto i te tinana i roto i te mātau rama radiation tāwhaiwhai tūturu ranei.

Ka taea te whakaahuatia te tohu matua mō te maimoatanga UV i roto i te ngā torutoru:

1. momo katoa o te mumura, patunga tuwhera, pukupuku, me kaimono tuwhera.
2. Hoki wharanga o te wheua.
3. I roto i te take o weranga, hukapuri, me mate kiri.
4. A, no te mau ma'i romahā, mate kohi, huangō.
5. Ko te takenga mai me te whanaketanga o ngā momo o ngā mate hopuhopu.
6. A, no te mate, haere tahi i te mamae kino, roro.
7. Diseases o te korokoro me te kōhao nasal.
8. Kōiwi, me te arataukai whewhe.
9. mate niho.
10. Ture o te pēhanga te awa toto, te māori o te ngakau.
11. Ko te whanaketanga o te pukupuku matepukupuku.
12. Atherosclerosis, hēnga o ōna whatukuhu, me etahi atu āhua.

Ka taea e whai hopearaa rawa nui mo te rauropi katoa o enei mate. Na reira, maimoatanga me te ārai o te whakamahi o te UV - te kitea hauora tūturu, whakaora mano me milioni o ora tangata, whurutu, me whakahoki ake ratou hauora.

Tētahi atu whakamahinga o te UV i te wāhi hauora, me te koiora o te tirohanga - he disinfection o whare, papa mahi me te sterilization o mea. E hāngai ana te mahi i runga i te kaha ki te tautāwhi i te whanaketanga o UV me tukuruatanga o ngā rāpoi ngota DNA, e arata'i ki to ratou ngaro. Bacteria, harore, hātare me huaketo e patua.

Ko te raruraru matua ki te whakamahi o taua radiation mō sterilization me te disinfection o nga whare ko te rohe o te rama. I muri kua ngaro nga rauropi anake ki te pānga tika o te ngaru tika. Katoa e noho tonu ki waho, haere tonu ki te tīariari.

mahi tātari ki kohuke

Ko te kaha ki te kaha ai luminescence i matū taea ki te tono UV anga matou hanganga kounga o kohuke me toka. I roto i tenei whakaaro, he reira ngā reira he kohatu utu nui, āhua-utu nui, me te utu nui. E anake tae hoatu ratou ina e irradiated ratou ki ngaru pitoiho! Tino ngā pā ana ki tenei tuhituhi Malakhov, he kaitātai rongonui. whakaahua ana i tona mahi kitenga o te papatae tae mura, i te mea nehenehe o te whakaputa kohuke i roto i ngā mātāpuna rerekē o te radiation.

Hei tauira, he topaha, a nei i roto i te tūāwhiorangi kitea kua he te tae puru hohonu ataahua ka rama irradiated kanapa matomato me te emerara - whero. e kore e hoatu e peara tetahi tetahi tae me te taemaha koroirangi. He fantastic noa te matakitakinga o te hua.

Ki te te hanganga o nga ahu ako ngā poke konukarihi, ka rarapa ka whakaatu matomato. Poke Merita te hoatu puru, me te morganite - hue papura koma-papura ranei.

Mā te whiriwhiringa

Hei whakamahi i te whiriwhiringa pā hoki radiation germicidal hihi katikati. Ko nga momo o taua hanganga e taea e rerekē:

• totoka;
• hau;
• wai.

E kitea ana te tono matua o taua whakaaro i roto i te ahumahi matū, rawa i roto i tūrara. Ki te to ratou awhina, ka taea e koe te kawe i roto i te tātaritanga kounga o te taonga, me te tautuhi i te reira rite nō ki he piha ngā o ngā pūhui matū waro.

Inu maimoatanga wai

UV disinfection o te wai inu ko tetahi o nga tikanga tino hou, me te kounga hoki tona purenga i täoke koiora. Ko te painga o tenei tikanga e whai ake nei:

• tika;
• tōtika;
• ngaro o ngā hua no rapae ki te wai;
• haumarutanga;
• pai;
• tiaki o nga āhuatanga organoleptic o te wai.

Ko te aha tenei ra tenei tikanga o te disinfection kei roto i te taahiraa ki te chlorination tuku iho. E hāngai ana te mahi i runga i te taua āhuatanga - te whakangaromanga o te DNA o kaiao kino i roto i te hanganga te wai. Whakamahia UV ki te roangaru o e pā ana ki 260 nm.

I tua atu ki te pānga tika i runga i pests, Kei te whakamahia hoki hihi katinga marama mo te whakangaromanga o ngā toenga o ngā matū, e kua whakamahia mo te tamarûraa, purenga wai: pērā i, hei tauira, māota chloramine ranei.

marama Black

E rite rawa taua whakaaro ki emitters motuhake, taea ki te hoatu he tata ki te kitea he roa poipoi nui. Heoi, tonu noho ratou indistinguishable ki te kanohi tangata. E whakamahia taua rama rite pūrere pānui tohu ngaro o UV tauira, uruwhenua, tuhinga, monipuka me pera i runga i. Ko, kia kitea taua tapanga anake i raro i te mana o te tūāwhiorangi ngā. Ko te kupu te parau tumu o te pūhohe moni hanga, whakaaro hoki taki pono o monipuka.

Fakafoki me te whakatau i te pono o peita

A i roto i tenei rohe ko te whakamahi o UV. whakamahia ma artist ia, ia kei roto i te wā epochal o te wā rerekē konganuku taimaha. Nā ki te radiation he taea ki te whiwhi i te underpainting pera-ka karanga, e whakarato ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tūturutanga o te peita, me te tikanga motuhake, te tikanga o te tuhituhi o ia kaitoi.

Ano, kararehe kiriata i runga i te mata o ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki waerau tairongo. Na reira, ko te reira e taea ki te tupu tawhito i raro i te mana o te marama. hanga tenei reira taea ki te whakatau i te tau o te tito, me nga masterpieces o te ao toi.