Mana Geodetic: āhuatanga

pūnaha mana Geodetic ko te inenga whakahau me tātaitanga tukua ki te whakahaere i te tika o te tawhā āhuahanga matua i roto i hanga. Ko te wāhi matua o enei mahi - ki te whakarato i te tukunga e tika katoa me ngā paerewa tohua i roto i te tuhinga hoahoa.

ngā tukanga āhuatanga

Ko te ahanoa o te mana e taea e whare e kore e anake, engari ano hoki Engineering hanganga me kōrero. tikanga o tēnei e hangaia te tukanga whakamātautau te ki te whakarite te kounga tika o te hanganga me te tāuta mahi katoa. whakamana mana Geodetic te i roto i ngā mahi hanganga me riro e enei tawhā:

• pū whakanohonga o ngā hanganga, ratou o näianei me ngā tawhā āhuahanga;
• whakaritenga tika o ngā āhuatanga katoa o te turanga raima i roto i te tāutanga;
• ōrite huānga amo, pērā i tīwae me poraka, ngā whakaritenga tuhinga hangarau.

He aha te mea te tukanga

whakamana Mana o te āhuatanga i runga ake e te tātai i te tuaka o whare, me ngā hanganga mō ngā whakaühia rohe motuhake. Ki tenei mutunga, whakamana nga ope o ratonga engineering whakatakoto i te ahanoa whakahaeretia o pane motuhake me nga papa. Na ka whanganga i te tawhiti i waenganui i a ratou te ki nui-pū whakatangi. Kua tuhia te uara hua i roto i te rangitaki, te mōhiohio o e ka riro te pūtake mo te pūrongo. Tuhinga whiwhi e tenei tikanga ka taea ki a koe te karo hapa taea i roto i te hanganga o ngā whare.

A, no te whakamahia te taputapu ruri te he arotahi kuiti, tiketike-pū mea ruri, me tikanga motuhake o te tātaitanga. Taua mehua kia taea reira ki te aroturuki tika te mana o ngā hanganga me ngā wāhanga katoa whare.

tikanga

Na roto i te momo o mahi e taea te wehea te mana geodetic ki 2 momo: tonu, me te rohe. Ko te tikanga tuatahi whai wāhi aroturuki ia o nga tawhā āhuahanga tika o te whare, me te aroaro tamau o ngaio i runga i te ahanoa. Tenei kōwhiringa Ko ngā ano nui ki whakaurunga nui-tauine, pērā i taiwhanga hākinakina me malls hokohoko nui, te wahi e rapu te rōrahi o te mahi mahi titiro tūturu.

Local hanganga mana geodetic fakahu'unga inenga o ngā tawhā o nāianei e hiahiatia ana ngā i runga i te pae. e kia tika i roto i te rōrahi iti o te mahi hanganga taua he kōwhiringa, rite taea reira ki a koutou te whakarato i te inenga kounga e tika ana, kahore kukume anō moni.

Ko te tukanga kaupae

mana Geodetic i roto i te hanga tā te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. tahi mahi hanga e 2 kaupae. huaina ana te tuatahi ko te mana mahi a mohio te hanga mahi. arowhai wahi i te taha o te mana kirimana i roto i te tukanga o te whakaaetanga o oti te mahi hanganga ranei i runga i tetahi o nga wāhanga o te hanganga - te tuarua.
2. Kua tuhia te hua i roto i te tukanga o te mana whakahaere kia whakaaturia i roto i te pepa hautaka whānui, me te tohu obligatory o nga tau o ine i te taha, e kua kitea i roto i te tauira.
3. pūnaha aroturuki Geodetic tā aroturuki i te pū ringihia o turanga raima. mua tukanga concreting e manatoko o ngā āhuatanga katoa o te formwork me ngā. Ine i te papa whakangungu rakau tawhiti pokapū kawea e te ūnga; mana ai te te tūranga teitei i te tukanga whakaōritenga.
4. Tirohia turanga mahi karaihe e tika ana i te wāhi i whakaritea i runga i te rārangi pokapū. whakamana Mana e wāhi o raua tuaka whanaunga ki te rārangi whakaraupapahia i mua.
5. Rite o te hanga o te turanga o paerewa kounga tuhia i roto i te tuhinga, hainatia nei e te māngai o te mātakitaki hangarau i runga i te ringa kotahi, me te mema o te ekeeke o te tahi atu. Hei mahi tito huānga tahora tono, mā nei te mana.
6. Ko te tukanga o te hanga o nga pou e mua tonu i te tātari mauhaa o tautukunga o te kaupapa o ngā wāhi nui-teitei. manatoko Tīwae whakamahi whakaōritenga lateral me whakapae.
7. I roto i te tāutanga o te wae mana kei te hoki kawea atu, ka whakaritea to ratou whakanohonga poutū. whakaritea te tūranga whakaritea e te whakakotahi i te toki ki te toki o te poraka hanga o nga taiepa. I runga i nga poraka poutū takina te whakamahi i paramu taumata ranei.

Mana o tiketike-ara hanga

ahanoa High-teitei i roto i te mana geodetic kėia he kāwai motuhake. Mistakes i hanga i roto i te hanga o taua hanganga taea meinga nunu'a mamafa. Ka taea te meinga deformation o whare i blunders i te hoahoa, ngā pānga taiao me te mana o tikanga oneone. Te arotahi ki te aroturuki i te tukanga deformation e hanga ake he wahi nui o te pūnaha haumaru katoa whakamahia i roto i te hoahoa.

whakahaere Organization o mana geodetic te i roto i te ara taua e ara i te wā o te hoahoa whare tiketike-ara haere mana i runga i te mahi whakamana. I raro i hanga geodetic Engineers ratonga whakarite tautukunga ki tuhinga hoahoa. Kei te hiahiatia hoki te wawaotanga o tohunga ina mau ana i roto i whakapaipai hanga o ngā whare me te mahi o nga mahi ki te whakapakari i te turanga. hāngai ana taputapu mana i roto i tenei take e kore e anake i runga i hangarau, engari ano hoki i runga i te āhuatanga arowhenua o te pae.

E kawea mahi Geodetic i te hanga o ngā whare nui-ara i roto i anake i te whakahaere ki te whakaaetanga motuhake. Me rawa whaimana tohunga o enei kamupene ki te kawe i roto i ngā mahi e hāngai ana. kia hoki kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e te nuinga titau te hanganga nui-ara pūnaha aroturuki geodetic takitahi.

Tautukunga ki paerewa kounga

I roto i te hanganga o te take whare me ngā rauhanga kounga kua riro nui ake aro. ngā mahi katoa i mahi ki nga paerewa ofatiraa tika raro ki te whakarerekētanga. Te taahiraa mana kounga tuatahi ko te tirohanga taumai. Taua arowhai he rauemi katoa e haere mai ki te pae hanga. Mana tohu tautuku ki ngā whakaritenga ähua o tuhinga hangarau, a e whai ratou i nga tiwhikete e tika ana. Ano, heheu tirohanga taumai hē whakaputaina i roto i te transportation.

huaina te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau te mana whakahaere. Tona whāinga - ki te kitea me te whakakore maioro i te tukanga o mahi hanganga. takoto ana te tuatahi kei te e te mahi o te kaupapa ngā me ngā tohutohu. i raro taua whakaū te ki te tukanga o te mahi, ki runga ki te unloading me te rokiroki o ngā rauemi.

ngā mahi tirotiro

He wāhi nui i roto i te tukanga o te arowhai i te tawhā āhuahanga o whare whai te mana kounga geodetic. Kei te tukanga o arowhai te mahere pūtake raraunga, te aroturuki i te tūranga i roto i te whakaminenga, me te tātari i te āhuatanga o te hanganga oti. I roto i te akoranga o te hanga e tirohia ano, me te tiaki i ngā āhuatanga hanganga kawenga-amo. kawea kohinga raraunga mā te whakamahi i rūri mea i roto anake mo aua wahi o nga whare, e pä te tika o te āhuahanga o te tāutanga tika o ētahi atu tauira.

whakaaetanga o te mahi

Ko te tukanga o te whakaaetanga o te whare oti e wahi i runga i te pūtake o te mahi kaupapa whakaaetia. I mua tetahi hiahia ki te faaineine i te tuhinga e whai ake nei:

• drawings motumotu;
• tiwhikete me uruwhenua mō ngā hua raima;
• tuhinga whakau i te kounga o te whakamahia, ka tāuta i te Whakapau, pērā i electrodes me toromoka;
• whakamātautau taiwhanga o hononga paiherea;
• tiwhikete whakau i te tohu o ngā kaimahi whakahaere;
• nga hua o inenga geodetic;
• tuhinga mō te whakaminenga, me te fehokotaki'anga.

Tata hawhe o nga aituā me ngā raruraru ki te mahi o ngā whare meinga e disorders o te tukanga hanga. e kore e tonu te nuinga o enei kohakore, me i te tukanga o te faaohiparaa. Ko te mahi tuatahi o te mana geodetic o whare ko te kite wawe, me te ārai o hē i roto i te tukanga hanga.