Mahia - mahia he whiu

I roto i mua-Petrine i whiua wā kaimahi kino i roto i Russia i ngā huarahi. Tei runga i te tohu o te take ai, i roto i te tua ki te here, unuhia ana e ia i roto i ona pongaponga, tahuna ki te rino wera i runga i tona rae i te kupu "tahae", hatepea atu tona ringa matau, i te mea kua tukua te tahae. I roto i te take motuhake, tukua te nanakia te mate whakama i runga i te turanga, kia mahi i te he mahi o te tika te ara tino momo, me te rauangi. Ko te kingi-reforomatio mahue te rerenga i runga tukanga e mahi tata tonu, i reira i roto i te haapa'oraa i ki te paerewa ka Pākehā, engari puta ke te ingoa o te tukanga.

Hea i te kupu

Ko te tikanga tika o te kupu "mahia" e kore te auraa tetahi e wehingia ana. tutuki ana translation o te Latin ritenga Russian "mahi" ranei "fakahoko." Heoi, kua homai te horopaki o te tono o tenei wā ture tenei ariā he tikanga ngali. Hoki te mahia o te rerenga kihai te hē i fafau tetahi pai. I roto i te take pai i reira nui whiu kāpara, nui kino ki te whakaahua ke ana i te kopa o ana hoia kaitiaki ranei, a ka kia kino rawa, ka ko te upoko i runga i te poraka poroporo e hinga i roto i te tukunga kaki koropiko ranei.

Kua haere tenei wā ki a tatou e te tupu i te ture Roma. kihai i Tūnga whakahaere whakatau i te herenga o te kaitiaki, engari kei te tautuhi rawa mārama me unambiguously ia te tohu o te tetahi he, i nia i te huru o te mau ohipa i raro i tūhuratanga, me te whakatau i te utu ki te kia whakaü. Tenei mātanga i roto i ngā take ture me te whare herehere te mana pepa katoa, me muri tona otinga, kī: ". Ko runga te tūhuratanga" Na ata tāpiri, "wareware."

Mātakitaki utu, e kore te mea e tika ana ki te oha

whakaaro te mahia tūmatanui i tenei ra i roto i te tahi mau vahi e te taputapu whai hua ki te pirau, me te tahae. I roto i te tahi mau whenua o te mate i roto i te mahi o te ara päpäho i runga i te pouaka whakaata, mo te hanga i o kleptocrats me utu-kaikohuru. Pea te wehi o te matakitakinga taua a taea hopu ake, engari, ka rite ki te tikanga, whakakitea te pānga kei roto i te hua i roto i te nui o te utu whakapati, e tetahi wahi tikanga ai mo te mamae ano uncaught kino. Ahakoa i roto i nga wharekarakia Europe i tuhia ai e ko te reira i roto i te executions i roto i te iwi whānui i roto i te tapawhā o te tahae i tino kaha, tapahi whitiki, me te rummaging i roto i nga whitiki o pakia, titiro pu mai ana rite tahi atu hao tapatapahi atu ringa.

Tuhinga rite te tikanga ako

Ko te kupu, ko te mahia - he mahi kotahi-wā o te whakatau o te marae mana. He nui no te unga ki he whakamahinga whiu whare herehere o kore pera i huaina ranei tenei whakamārama. I roto i nga ra tawhito te pakeke o te whiu kihai i mea faufaa, ko reira nui te tino, me te taenga moata. I waenganui i te whakatau, me tona whakatinanatanga i roto i ngā kura, hei tauira, haere he wā iti rawa o te wā. Anake kotahi, i runga i te take o te haere mai o Aranga, kia rite ki nga pukapuka o te mua ākonga seminelí Pomyalovsky, whiua ki i hiki tokotoko (e kore e whakakorea). Te kore idealizing nga tikanga whakaako tawhito, me te mārama tawhito, he mea e taea e kore ki te kite e kua whakaratohia e ratou he pānga whai hua i runga i te tukanga mātauranga. Iwi ki te mātauranga e wha-hahi-pāriha te tino akakoromaki i te kawenga o Commissars o iwi i roto i te tekau tau Soviet tuatahi, ka taea te taumata o te matauranga. I roto i Ingarangi, i te ara, kura whiu kāpara i whakakorea anake i roto i te Heoi o te rau tau XX. Heoi, kia rite ki a Michael Gove, te Hekeretari o Ingarangi o State mo Mātauranga, i matou i te reira no te kahore. opua nei e ia ki te whakamōhio ano ratou.

Mahia - tenei wehi ki civilians

I muri timata Pakanga II o te Ao ki te kia whakamahia whānuitia ngā hou mō hara ki te tangata: kohuru, te Holocaust, me o te akoranga, mahi. Kua tae mai tenei kupu ki te tikanga te mahi papatipu o civilians mo te whakaaro o te whakaweti. Wehi ki te tangata o te whenua e nohoia i whakamahia e German wae whiu Allied ope o Nasí Germany me nga wae motu o te Waffen SS, whakauru i papahoro atu. kawea purea iwi whakapehapeha i roto i roto i Lviv ope taua "Nachtigall", i roto i Kiev, o mano tekau o tangata Soviet i koperea ka tanumia i roto i collaborators Babi Yar i roto i whakaeke Romanian te Odessa whakairihia tinana o taumau waharoa pa pokapū. i kitea hara whawhai maha i roto i te tamataraa o te kino whawhai Nasí i Nuremberg.

mahia ōhanga Modern

Ko reira ko te kupu homai, rangimarie, ahakoa kino rawa mo te tokomaha te iwi tikanga. I teie mahana, i roto i Europe te whakataki - he fakamasiva herea o taonga mo te tukinotanga i. haea ana te taonga kei te atu i te hunga taitaiā ka hokona ki te mākete, me nga hua haere ki te painga o nama. E whakamana mahi e rite i roto i to tatou whenua, a ka patoto te tatau te hāmene, ka i roto i tona ringa te whakahaere (executio!) Rārangi, te defaulters kino i kare, e kore e nei hae taata. O te akoranga, e kore ki te kia koperea mata, engari ...