Mahi a Malevich i runga i te tau: whakaahuatanga, photo

Malevich mahi tohu etahi o nga mau faaiteraa tino nui toi waitara o ngā wā hou. Kaiwhakatū o Suprematism, tomo artist Russian, me te Soviet te ao o te hītori toi ki te peita "Black Square", engari anake i roto i tenei mahi, e kore e tona mahi mutu ki reira. Ki te mahi tino rongonui o te kaitoi kia kia waia ki nga tangata peu.

Pūkenga me ngā o toi o ēnei rā

mārama whakaata mahi a Malevich te āhuatanga i roto i te sotaiete i te timatanga o te rau tau XX. whanau te artist i roto i Kiev i te 1879.

E ai ki tona ake kōrero i roto i tona haukiri, ka anga te whakaaturanga tūmatanui o te kaitoi i roto i Kursk i 1898, ahakoa i reira he kore taunakitanga pakipūmeka hoki kihai i tenei whakakitea.

I roto i te 1905 tamata ia ki te tomo i te kura Moscow o Painting. Heoi, kihai i whakaaetia e ia. I taua wa, Kursk Malevich noho whānau - tana wahine me ngā tamariki Zgleyts Casimir. I roto i to ratou iho oraraa te afa, e kore e pera noa tomo, e kore Malevich i hiahia ki te haere hoki ki Kursk. noho te kaitoi i Lefortovo i te korerorero toi. Te peita whare nui Kurdyumova noho e pā ana ki 300 kaipeita. noho Malevich i roto i te korerorero mo te ono marama, engari, i roto i te noa'tu o te reti tino iti, rere te moni i roto i te ono marama i muri mai, tonu ia i ki te haere hoki ki Kursk.

I te pae hopea, oho Malevich ki Moscow anake i roto i te 1907. tae ia akomanga e Fedora Rerberga. I te 1910 ka timata ia ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā whakaaturanga o te rōpū auaha o te tīmatanga o Five and Seven , "Jack o Taimana." timata Pikitia ki puta, i kawea mai ia rongo te ao, me te āhukahuka.

"Composition Suprematist"

I roto i te 1916, kua tino pai mohiotia te mahi o Malevich i te pane. puta "Suprematist Composition" i te wa. Kei roto i te hinu te tuhituhi i runga i te koaka. I te tau 2008 ka hokona te reira i makete, "Sotheby o" mo $ 60 miriona.

I te mākete hoatu ake ona kainga o te toi. I roto i te 1927, ka whakaaturia ai i te whakaaturanga i roto i Berlin.

I te whakatuwheratanga o te taiwhanga i māngai e ona Malevich ia, engari hohoro i ia ki te hoki mai, no te mea kahore nga mana Soviet i te whakahou i tona visa tāwāhi. te mahi katoa i ia ki te waiho. He ko e pā ana ki 70. Ko te haepapa i whakaritea kaihoahoa German Hugo Haring. tūmanakohia Malevich i ki hoki ki te pikitia i roto i te heke mai tata, engari ki waho reira tukua e kore ano.

Just i mua i tona mate, haere Haring te mahi katoa o Malevich, e pupuri i roto i ana tau e maha i roto i te pa o Amsterdam Museum (mohiotia hoki rite Steleleyk Museum). kua mutu Hering he kawenata, kia rite ki nei nga tau i te whare taonga ki hoki ki te 12 tau e utu ia he nui tetahi. Nāwai, i muri tonu te matenga o te kaihoahoa, ana whanaunga, mahia tupu, riro matou te nui katoa i kotahi. Ko te kupu, ko te "Composition Suprematist" patua nga turanga o te Amsterdam City Museum.

ka mau nga kainga o Malevich whakamātau ki te hoki mai te peita, mai te 70-doma o rau XX. Otiia kihai i ratou angitu.

I roto i te 2002 anake, 14 mahi i te whare taonga Amsterdam i te aroaro i te whakaaturanga "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism." I tū te reira i roto i te Whare Taonga Guggenheim i te US. Malevich te kainga, etahi o nei he tangata o Amerika, ka rēhitatia te totohenga ki te whare taonga Tatimana. haere Taiwhanga Guide i runga i te whakaaetanga i mua whakamatautauranga-. E ai ki nga hua 5 o 36 peita i te artist i hoki ki ona uri. Engari kihai te kainga atu kerēme.

Ko te tonu tenei pikitia te kōwaiwai tino utu i te artist Russian ake hokona i te makete.

"Tapawhā Black"

"Black Square" e Malevich ko tetahi o tona tino korero e pā ana ki mahi. Ko reira wāhanga o te huringa o nga mahi o te kaitoi, whakatapua ki Suprematism. I roto i te reira, tirotiro ia nga āhuatanga taketake o te hanganga me te marama. I tua atu ki te tapawha, i roto i te peita ropi e hakari "Black Cross" me "Black Circle".

tuhituhi Painting Malevich i 1915. I meatia te mahi mo te whakaaturanga whakamutunga o nga Futurists. mahi a Malevich i te "0.10" i roto i te tau 1915 kua whakairia, pera ki te korero, i roto i te "kokonga whero". I roto i te wahi i reira i whakanohoia te icon "Black Square" Kei te ngā whakairihia i roto i whare Russian. Ko te tino fakamisiteli me te pikitia tino nanakia i roto i te hītori o te peita Russian.

E toru ngā āhua matua Suprematist - tapawha, ripeka me te porohita, i roto i te ariā o te toi whakaaro ko te paearu, e whakaongaonga te pōauautanga atu o te pūnaha Suprematist katoa. Ko reira ki runga ki a ratou i roto i te heke mai e whanau puka Suprematist hou.

tamata toutou artist maha kairangahau ki te kitea te putanga taketake o te pikitia, ki kia noho i raro i te kahu o runga o te peita. Ko te kupu, kawea te X-ray i roto i te 2015. Ka rite ki te hua, te whakahaere i te reira ki te poke i te whakapakoko tae e rua, i tū nei i runga i te koaka kotahi. I unuhia ana tuatahi kubofuturisticheskogo hanganga, a runga ake ko reira protosuprematicheskaya hoki. Na anake ki katoa te kvardrat mangu.

E taea e ki te kīa te tuhituhinga i mahue te artist i runga i te koaka hoki Scientists. Ko nga kupu "Battle o Negroes i te ana pouri", e kōrero ana ki te hua rongonui tohunga toi taetahi Alfonsa Alle, i hanga e ia i roto i 1882 enei.

Ko kahore tāpiritanga te ingoa o te whakaaturanga, i whakaaturia te mahi o Malevich. Whakaahua i te vernissage e taea tonu te kitea i roto i ngā pūranga tawhito me hautaka o te wā. Ko te aroaro o 10 mati tohu i te maha kaupapa o ngā kaiuru i nga ngā. Otira kahore mea e pā ana ki te mea e kia ki runga ki te whakaatu "pouaka pango" nei, kia rite ki te kaituhi, kei te haere ki te whakaiti i nga mea katoa ki te kore.

e toru tapawha

I tua atu ki te "Black Square" i roto i te mahi o Malevich ko te torutoru o enei āhua āhuahanga. Ae, ko te "Black Square" ko te tīmatanga he tapatoru ohie. a ia kahore koki tika tino. Na reira, i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te āhuahanga anake ko reira he quadrangle, a kahore he tapawha. kōrero Art mea e kore ko te tau'a o te kaituhi katoa e, me i te tūranga o te parau tumu. tamata Malevich ki te waihanga i te āhua tino, e pai kia tino hihiri, me te pūkoro.

Ano, i reira e rua mahi e Malevich - tapawhā. Ko te "Whero Square" me "White Square" tenei. I whakaaturia te peita "Whero Square" i te whakaaturanga Five and Seven "0.10". puta tapawha White i roto i 1918. Ahakoa te mahi o Malevich, ko te whakaahua o e tenei ra i roto i tetahi pukapuka o te toi, ite i te wā o te wā "ma" o Suprematism.

"Mystic Suprematism"

Mai i 1920 ki te 1922, i mahi Malevich i runga i te hoho'a peni "Mystic Suprematism." Kei te mohiotia ano te reira rite "ripeka pango i runga i te porotītaha whero." Koaka pania i roto i te hinu i runga i te koaka. I hokona ano te reira i te makete, "Sotheby o" mo tata 37 mano tāra.

Na roto i te a nui, whai te peita i te whakarau o "hoahoa Suprematist", e kua oti korerotia. puta ia ano i roto i nga kohikohinga o te Museum o Amsterdam, a muri anake te kainga maimoatanga Malevich ki te marae, i taea ki te toe i te iti rawa wahi o nga peita ratou.

"Suprematism. 18 hoahoa"

Ko te mahi o Malevich, ka taea e whakaahua ki te ingoa o e kia kitea i roto i tetahi pukapuka i runga i te hītori o te toi, hopu me te whai wāhi i te aro.

Ko tētahi atu painting ngā - he peita, tuhia i roto i te 1915 "Suprematism 18 hanga.". I te mākete, "Sotheby o" i hokona ai i roto i 2015 mo tata $ 34 miriona. puta ano ia i roto i te ringa o te kainga o te kaitoi i muri i te tamataraa ki te Amsterdam City Museum.

Ko tētahi atu pikitia, i wahia ake te Tatimana ka "Suprematism: picturesque talena a Nēpia ki papatipu Tatae i roto i te wha o nga taha.". Kua kitea e ia tona rangatira i roto i 2011. I riro te reira e Institute Art i Chicago o kahore hoki te nui i hiahia ki te whāki ki te iwi whānui. Ko te mahi i roto i te 1913 - Ka taea te kite "Desk me Room" i te whakaaturanga nui o Malevich i te taiwhanga Madrid "Tate". Na ka faaite te peita ingoamuna. Ko te tikanga o nga ngā - he mārama. I muri i te katoa, i roto i aua wā i reira te rangatira pono o te koaka e hiahia ki te noho ingoamuna, ua faaite e ko te peita i roto i te kohinga tūmataiti. Reira whakamahi hoki he fakalea faufaa rerekē.

"Composition Suprematist"

Ko te mahi o Malevich, te whakaahuatanga o e e kitea e koe i roto i tenei tuhinga ka hoatu koe he whakaaro tika oti, me te mārama o tona mahi. Hei tauira, te tauira "Suprematist Composition" i hanga i roto i te 1919-1920. I roto i te 2000, i te makete, "Phillips" hokona reira mo $ 17 miriona.

Tenei tauira, i roto i te rerekē ki te mua, i muri i te wehenga atu o Malevich i Berlin ki te Soviet Union, noho i roto i Germany. I roto i te 1935, kawea ana e ia ki te kaiwhakahaere US o te Museum New York o Modern Art, Alfred Barr. 20 nga tau, kua faaite ia i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te anga o te whakaaturanga "Cubism me Abstract Art". Ko te meka e i te pikitia ki te hohoro te tango i roto i - i roto i Germany i te wa ka haere mai nga kau Nasí ki te mana, hinga mahi a Malevich i roto o manakohia. Ana rangatira Nasí pā ki te tauira o "toi heke." hoatu puku kaiwhakahaere Tuatahi o te Hanover taonga mata huna i roto i tona basement, a ka Barry, nana nei i kawea mai he mahi faufaa rahi i roto i te United States.

I roto i te 1999, kua hoki mai te whare taonga New York ki te kainga o Malevich tenei pikitia, me te rave rahi o ana mahi whakairoiro.

Whaiaro-whakaahua o te kaitoi

I roto i te 1910, peita Malevich tona whaiaro portrait-. Ko tetahi o toru o tona whaiaro-whakaahua, peita i roto i tenei wā. Kei te mohiotia te pai te reira e e pupuri i te tahi atu e rua i roto i whare taonga rohe. Ka taea te kite i ēnei mahi a Malevich i te Taiwhanga Tretyakov.

I hokona te toru o whaiaro portrait-i makete. I te tīmatanga, ko ia i roto i te kohinga tūmataiti o Georgiya Kostaki. I roto i te 2004, i te makete, i roto i London, i kitea "Christie o" te whakaahua-whaiaro tona rangatira mo noa te 162,000 pauna. Katoa, no te mea i runga i te 35 tau i muri mai, tona uara nui haere e pā ana ki 35 wā. Kua i roto i 2015, i hokona te kānawehi i makete, "a Sotheby" tata 9 miriona tāra. Ko e mo'oni, haumi pai.

"Upoko o te kaiahuwhenua"

Ki te tātari tatou te mahi o Malevich mo tau, he reira taea ki te whakatū i te au tino ki ai ki te kite i te āhua o kua tipu tona mahi.

He tauira maitai o tenei - te pikitia "Head o te kaiahuwhenua," i tuhituhia i roto i te tau 1911. I roto i te 2014, i te makete, "Sotheby o" i roto i London ia haere i raro i te hama mo 3.5 miriona tāra.

Hoki te wā tuatahi i kite te whakarongo te peita e Malevich i 1912 i runga i te "Tail o Kaihe" whakaaturanga, i whakaritea e Natalia Goncharova me Mihailom Larionovym. I muri i taua, whai wāhi ia i roto i te whakaaturanga i roto i Berlin i te tau 1927. Na ka hoatu e ia te reira ki Malevich Hugo Hering. Kua i ia haere te reira i te tupu ki tana wahine me te tamahine. Hering te kainga hokona te peita anake i roto i te 1975, i muri i tona matenga.

Te Russian Museum

aroaro rawa pai te mahi o Malevich i te Russian Museum. Here, pea, ko reira te kohinga momona o ana mahi. Na roto i te mahi o tenei reforomatio me kaiako tukinotia ki te faatura, tautapa ana peita nga wahi tino e whakahonoretia ana.

I roto i te katoa, i te moni o te Museum Russian teie mahana i reira e pā ana ki 100 peita, me kore iti iho i te 40 whakairoiro. E rave rahi o teie mau datings hou. More tika. Ko te ahurei o te kohinga, te aroaro i te Russian Museum, he tonu i roto i te meka e kore ko te mahi tika he rota, hipokina tonu ratou te taea ngā whānui o tona mahi. Vauvauhia rite wawe mahi, tata nga ngā tuatahi i roto i te peita whakaahua kiko, me te muri, e kore nei e mohio ki te paraihe o te kaitoi e peita "Black Square".

mate o te toi

mate Kazimir Malevich i Leningrad i 1935. E ai ki tana i pai ai, whakanohoia te tinana i roto i te suprematic kāwhena e tohu ana i te ripeka ki te rima toro, ka tahuna.