London Stock Exchange: te hītori o te hanga

Te London Stock Exchange ko te matamua i Europa o te ngā. I tua atu, he rongonui mo tona internationality ia: hoki ngā reira 340 kamupene i 60 whenua, 2004 raraunga. Ahakoa te meka e reira 21 ake i roto i te mākete UK he, tonu tonu te tino rongonui London. I reira ka korero matou ki a koutou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

hanganga

E toru hokohoko matua te London Stock Exchange: te pā, peeke, rēhitatia me haumi kē.

• Market Official. Kei te hangaia te wāhanga nui rawa hoki ngā kamupene ki te hītori ngā me te oraraa o te whakapaipai nui. E rua nga wehenga: kamupene ao, me te kāinga.
• Unlisted mākete peeke. puta te reira i roto i 1980 ki te whakarato ratonga ki ngā umanga iti. Kia aroha mai, ko te whakamātau i te kore, a no te mea o te tere iti i te timatanga o nga 90 whakakorea te mākete.
• Market Investment kē. whakatika te reira i roto i te waenganui-1995 mo te tiaki o ngā umanga iti. I roto i te kaitono hou kahore e ngohengohe ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake i roto i ngā o te aamu iti o te kamupene me te maha o hea kua hoatu ki te tohanga. I iti hoki te reira i ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi o te whakapaipai iti. Ko te kāwanatanga o 1997, arahina ki te meka i tightened te London Stock Exchange whakahere ture.

kōrero

Mai te timatanga o te ringarehe rautau 16 i roto i peeke kawea atu i roto i te toa kawhe ranei i runga i nga ara. I te 1566 ka haere mai ia i whakaarohia Holland Thomas Gresham ki te hanga i te ruma motuhake mo enei take. ka mea ia e meatia e ia ki reira i ratou ake utu, engari ka ui e ki te iwi rohe me te kāwanatanga kitea he wāhi e tika ana. I runga i te nui o te moni i kohia i roto i te 3500 rahi pauna i hokona ai e te wahi tika o te whenua. I roto i 1570, te whakatuwheratanga o te Royal Exchange.

Exchange hou

Kia aroha mai, te Fire nui o London whakangaromia reira, a ka hanga te whare hou i anake i roto i te 1669. Ano, i whakaritea te taiwhanga, arā, o 200 tūru mō te reti. I roto i te basement o te whare i kawea mai taonga rongoa. I roto i te 1698, i peia brokers i te whare o te whakahaere utu kararehe puremu (kaupare me haruru). Kua tīpakohia mō te whiriwhiri me te bargaining whare kawhe "Honatana". Na i reira nga nga rārangi utu tuatahi o te peeke. I muri i te 50 tau, he toa kawhe, "Honatana," faahiti te whakarau o te utu kararehe rawa tuatahi - tahuna reira iho. Heoi, whakahokia nga manuhiri ratou ake whare. I roto i te 1773, e tata ana te kawhe i hanga brokers he whare hou, Nō reira "Honatana New" (i muri ke te ingoa i ki "Exchange Stock").

Exchange i roto i te rau tau 20

Pakanga o te Ao e ahau nui turakina nga hokohoko kararehe Pākehā. katia London Stock Exchange te rawa whakamutunga, me te tau i muri mai (i roto i te tau 1915) anō tona mahi. kaikopere Hokowhitu o tūao i hanga e ki te whakarite haumaru. I roto i te katoa, i reira i 400 te iwi. Ko tētahi i roto i te wha mate i runga i te parekura. Ki te tau 60-th whänui te maha o ngā mahi me ngā kaimahi kia te aronga o te utu, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te whare 26-papa hou. 12 nga tau roa te hanga, me te i roto i te 1972 whakatuwheratia te whare hou ia te Kuini o Ingarangi.

I roto i te 1987, i runga i te utu kararehe kiri panoni nui. Ko te tino nuinga o enei he: translation tinana i roto i te hokohoko hiko (pūnaha SEAQ), te whakakāhoretanga o te kōmihana rohe iti, kararehe whakaaetanga mema o whakawhiti ki te whakakotahi i nga mahi o te kaihokohoko, me te kaihoko. Ngā mihi ki te brokers SEAQ pūnaha hiko kihai i whai ki te haere ki te omaoma i te mākete. i taea e ratou te mahi i te reira i roto i tona tari.

Na roto i te mutunga o 1997, korukī kē tino te London Stock Exchange ki hōputu rorohiko. nui haere huinga pūnaha hokohoko rorohiko te tere o whakawhitinga, me te mahi i roto i te whānui.

konganuku LSE-ferrous

I whakaturia te reira i roto i te Industrial Revolution o 1877. Na te London Stock Exchange konganuku kore-ferrous ko te pokapū tauhokohoko Pākehā tino nui. Kua tae mai ia i te ara roa i te māmā ki te whakamua (me ka me ananahi) whakawhitinga. tenei katoa taea kiritaki me kaihanga o konganuku ahumahi ki te tinei parekura me ngá taiepa ina titaha utu. Ka taea e hanga e koe whakawhitinga i roto i ngā kōwhiringa, ananahi kirimana me ngā tūemi moni.

Kei Exchange te i roto i te whare tawhito Planteyshn Whare me tonu tokomaha o nga iho o te mua tonu. hanga ruma Whakahaere e i roto i te āhua o te porowhita e tautuhi ana i te "mema porohita" o kaihokohoko. Ahakoa te haerenga mai o ngā pūnaha hiko, kua muia e tonu te hoko mā te hamama. Waihoki, ana, ki utu whakarewa. London Stock Exchange i runga i Planteyshn Whare kua motuhake he "reo tohu", e whakamahi brokers i roto i wiwi kore ki te uru ki te hoatu me te farii i whakahau.

mākete koura

He he ano hoki te whakarewa utu nui, e ringarehe te London Stock Exchange - koura. Kua tu tonu te reira i roto i tenei wahi anake. Hei kawe i ringarehe i roto i te ruma motuhake tahi māngai o e rima kamupene. Ārahi tiamana o tono, me "rima" he pai ki te faaoti whakawhitinga. I muri faatia me faatia katoa kauwhautia utu whakaritea, ka e kia mutu, me te kirimana. E te kaupapa rite hokona te ka hokona parahi. Te London Metal Exchange, he pono tetahi o nga pūtahi pūtea Ingarangi tino rongonui. Ko reira e atu e toru pūtahi e utu te whakahua wehe.

London Oil Exchange

I mua 1970, kua te mākete pūngao kua tino pūmau. Engari kia rite ki te hua o te rāhui hinu (1973-1974 gg.), Te hanganga o OPEC me te whawhai Arab-Iseraela, kua ngaro kaihanga hinu mana ki runga i utu. Na reira, i roto i te tīmatanga o te 80. whakaturia International Petroleum Exchange i roto i London. Ko te take matua mō te tona ahua - te pähekeheke nui haere i roto i te utu hinu. whakamārama te wāhi kore-paerewa te hua i roto i te rōrahi o te hanga hinu i roto i te Moana Te Tai Tokerau.

Exchange tuku kōwhiringa i runga i te āhua o ki te unleaded penehīni, hinu hau, hinu masivesivá, me ananahi kirimana. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua - te kaha ki te whakawhiti tūranga mākete moni i roto i te tūranga ananahi i runga i te huru e e wahi te utu i roto i te haora mahi-kore. Ko te āhuatanga tuarua - he-wā roa (20:15). he wahi taua taea brokers ki faaoti kirimana ki apitireihana USA.

Kōwhiringa Exchange Ingarangi me Futures

I te tīmatanga, i te reira i te taitara rawa rerekē: te London takiwā Exchange. Tenei whare Ko te pärönaki mākete koloa me ngā hua ahuwhenua o te Basileia United. O te akoranga, i roto i ngā o te rōrahi me te rahi, he mea tino iho ki o ratou ritenga ke (hei tauira, te Chicago Stock Exchange), engari e kore e aukati i te reira ki te kawe i roto i te wähanga nui o te whakawhitinga i roto i Europe.

haere mai tenei utu i roto i te rau tau pokapū o-20 i runga i te pūtake o "feohi kāpeka", i whakahaere ananahi whakawhitinga puta noa i ngā rārangi hua maha. I muri mai, riro ia tata katoa te mākete rohe, a tae noa ka mau wahi i roto i te mākete o te hoa Baltic (pärönaki i runga i te kaipuke utanga me rīwai). Utu i runga i nga Kōwhiringa Exchange Stock London me Futures rawa pai. Ka taea e koe te haere ki roto ki whakawhitinga e rua i roto i te tikanga (parei, te witi, poaka, me te pera i runga i.), a ki runga ki ngā hua koroni (soybeans, huka, kawhe).

Kōwhiringa Exchange International me Futures

I roto i Ingarangi, i reira te mea he kōwhiringa mākete motuhake, engari mahi reira te nuinga ki Sweden. Whakawhitinga i runga i te whānui o ngā hua tū i te Kōwhiringa Exchange International me Futures ngā.

Tae noa 1992, whai wāhi enei whakawhitinga i roto i te ruma whakahaere o te London Stock Exchange. Na ka oho i te reira ki te whare i runga i Cannon Street. Te nuinga o nga hua o tenei utu e pā ana ki here me mea nama, mo etahi o nga whakawhitinga o ananahi kirimana i runga i nga hea.

I te International Exchange kaha hoko kararehe taupū Ingarangi FTSE 100. Ko tōna āhuatanga nui ko te kaha ki te mahi ki e rua kōwhiringa Pākehā, me te Amerika. Tae noa tata, i reira te mana o te mākete Pākehā pai i roto i te ngā hangarau o te taputapu.

kōwhiringa whakawhiti International me ananahi ko te tumu o te mākete UK mō mea pärönaki, me te whakarato i te taumata tiketike o te tere mō ngā here Japanese, te US, Germany me Italy. Otiia, i roto i te rerekē ki te pūtahi o Amerika, e kore e mahi i te reira ki te kirimana i runga i pärönaki moni.

Kia timata te utu ki ngā hui ōpaki i roto i nga wahi o whakawhitinga mau herehere. Na kua meinga ratou whakaōkawatia pūtahi pūtea, whakahere kiritaki he whānui o ngā ratonga rerekē ngā tūmomo. Ka rite ki te pūnaha whakataunga puta ture mārō, me te tino e whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā kaiuru.

Te nuinga o ngā whakawhitinga o Ingarangi e kore e kawea tonu hua nui. iti o ratou taunahatanga e ki te pūtāhui paerewa (i ētahi wā i roto i te puka o te peeke). Horoi ngā mahi o te pūtahi mahi i roto i te Clearinghouse London. Ko tenei me whakarato te taurangi o te tahua inihua. I te mutunga o 2000, ko tona rahi 150 miriona pauna.

mutunga

Na ko te London Stock Exchange roto i nga whare nui e rima o ia ahua i roto i te ao. E hoko o reira hea 300 kamupene i 60 whenua. Ki te whakaaro tatou nga kamupene Russian, ko te tono nui mo te pepa o "Lukoil", "Gazprom" me "Rosneft". Mai 2005, i runga i te utu kararehe ka tīmata hokohokona kōwhiringa me ananahi i runga i te taupū RTS.