KV. Tank "Klim Voroshilov". KV-1 tank Soviet

Na roto i te timatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, patu ki tetahi ope i roto i te ao e kore e ngā tāke taimaha. Ki te kotahi okotahi. Te Army Whero i ratou.

He aha e hiahia ana tatou tāke taimaha

Ko te pakanga - ko, tuatahi, me te tuatahi, mahi, pakeke, paru, me te tino kino. Hoia te nuinga o te wa i mahia ki keri te whenua. Ko te atu ka unu ia te oneone, te teitei te tūponotanga o te ora. He atu momo o te mahi, e kore e iti iho te wā-kai, a mo ia o ratou titau te taputapu rerekē. Hei pahūtia i runga i ngā taumata ira takitahi e kore e mahi i rererangi taimaha - whakaeke hiahia. Hei whakangaro te pūmanawa ahumahi o te hoariri, e kore kia whakamahia he toa, i reira kia kia he rererangi rautaki, me reira e kia nui. E hiahiatia ana tāke marama mō ngā marau hohonu, me te tere, pa hoariri karo me te hanga i te "pute" i roto i nei wae nui hōia, tangohia o supply me kōrero, ka taea e kore ora roa. Ki te utu tatou i te faaauraa ki te taputapu mahi, mahi ratou i te mahi o te rau, ngāwari, me te watea. Ko reira he āhuatanga ina hiahia koe te tahi mea atu kaha, me ko te koinga o kahore faufaa nui (toki, hei tauira, ranei he toki). E hiahiatia ana tāke taumaha ki te tūranga taiepa te pakaukau tere ki te tango, e kore e taea te karo ranei, a ka e te reira i te mea kiano i matao raupapa, he pānga tukia kaha, destructional me te aroha ore.

whawhai taimaha, me te toto i roto i Karelia haere mai i roto i Hakihea 1939. Whakamataku matao, te hukarere ki runga kawa ki tona hope, i raro i te repo, me te mīti. Ki te tāpiri ngā āhuatanga huarere maina, te rapunga o nei te mea raruraru; te mahi o snipers; kitea rawatia ake puta ōnaianei, whakarōpūtia tiakina raima matotoru whakapakaritia; neke po, depressing te konä; te ngoikore ki te hanga i te ahi, me te whakamahana ake i te katoa; toka, huna, ano, i raro i te hukarere, a ka nui, nui noa atu, he mea mārama, "he aha i roa ai pukumahi ki etahi ahua o iti Finland". Ko te mahi uaua o te pakaruhanga "Mannerheim Raina" mo te wa tuatahi te takaro he wāhi nui tāke taimaha. Te Soviet Union i te mata o te kaiārahi Stalinist faaoti ki te whakatū i tētahi ringa Armoured nui-powered i mua i ētahi atu whenua. ka mau te Finnish War wahi tauira whakamātautau, i ngā o te QMS. I te Hakihea 17, e ngana ana ki te hinga te Hottinen taiepa, tetahi o ratou i te tikanga o te 20 Brigade maina he oku anti-tank. E kore kua te tāngata parekura, engari i takoha ki te waiho i te motokā. Ko reira tetahi o nga tono tuatahi o te patu hou.

tank taumaha rite te whakaata o te parau haapiiraa hōia Soviet

Te kahore ahumahi hōia kei te mahi hoki te take. He uaua ki te whakaaro i te āhuatanga i roto i nei I. V. Stalin ko te kaihoahoa o waka Armoured me, te faarahi i tona putorino, e ai ta ia: "A meatia ahau he tank taimaha meneti. tino hiahia ahau i te reira. Caprice i ahau taua ... ". I roto i tenei take, e kore e tetahi o te kāwanatanga i nui moni ki te whakatau i te mahi tino akiaki o te tiaki ona rohe. No, nga mahi katoa i i whakaturia i roto i te Kremlin i te toi, kua tāia.

Hangaia he mīhini whawhai e tutuki ngā whakaritenga hou mō ngā patu huaki, ka anga i te tīmatanga o 1939, e mau ana i roto i te whakatau o te Komiti State i Paruru, tangohia i roto i te Hakihea 1938. E ai ki te whakaako hōia o te Soviet Union, whawhai i roto i te take o te pea (me tūmanakohia) i ki kia whakawhanakehia i roto i te fenua o te enemi i raro i tona fakafepaki pakeke i te wā wawe te whawhai. ka ui pakanga pūāhua taua etahi tikanga hangarau, koia i hoatu nga kaihoahoa hāngai TK. Ko te pānga i e i roto i te pakaru whānui i roto i te rārangi ārai e haere i mua wae nui, rite rawa ki te marama tank nohopuku BT-piha, taea ki te neke i runga i nga rori i te tere tiketike. Ki tenei tauira e pea, ki te aoniu rangi oti, fakapapau'i wikitoria i ki te parekura iti.

Tīmata o mahi hoahoa

arahina e ia te hoahoa o te tank QMS zh. Ya. Kotin, Designer tino o te wheketere Leningrad Kirov. maumaharatia te ingoa te rangatira tata patua, te upoko o te whakahaere rōpū, "te pouraka o te revolution." whakawhanakehia tētahi atu motokā i raro i te ārahitanga o A. Ermolaeva i te tau wheketere tata 185, i huaina ai te T-100. Ko-tini te whakaaro hoahoa o aua tau, i roto i ngā, tetahi o te aronga matua, ko te kaupapa purero i nei i taea e te rāngai ahi kia porohita. I SMK i nui rawa taimaha, me reira hei utu o nga pourewa e toru kua whakaritea e ki whakapumautia e rua ki te whakapai ake i te mahi rere me te tono.

Heoi, hohoro i muri i te tīmatanga o te kaupapa rōpū mahi o tauira paetahi Wammen (Military Academy o mechanization me motorisation) ratou. Stalin arahina e NF Shashmurina, whakaarohia ki te haere atu: ki te tango tetahi atu pourewa (e kua kitea ngaio taitamariki nui), tāuta diesel hei utu o engines penehīni me ki te whakaiti i te tahuhu ki runga ki e rua awa. I roto i te meka, karu ka haere te kapa ki te kaupapa, kua meinga nei e te aronui mō te maha ahuru matahiti i mua o ratou hoa ke, kua whakaae te whakaaro anake i roto i te rima tekau.

Ko te kupu i whanau te Soviet KV-1 tank.

Mai i drawings ki whakarewa

Kawea mai te kaihoahoa ārahi reo-pourewa tank faaue N. L. Duhovu. Whakamahara i mōrearea i roto i te tau Stalin te roa, i tenei ra kahore tetahi hiahia. Tetahi roa taea meinga he neke ki te mahi whaimana iti, i roto i te koti quilted me ki te kite ranei i te toki. kaihoahoa rangatira o nga Wairua hoa KV tāia ki ki te mahi. E August tāke taimaha KV me QMS i rite matou, ka te aroaro ki te Komiti State, me i Mahuru Kubinka whenua whakamatautau ruia ki te haruru o engines i te whakaaturanga o ngā tauira hou. Rite hohoro ka mau ratou whakaaetanga ki te mahi, i kua "te pakanga whakaoranga" ki Finland, a ko faufaa tenei tikanga. paanga hoki kaihoahoa i te tōtika o te whanaketanga. Tank 'Klim Voroshilov "haere ki te whawhai.

Kia pehea te i te HF-2

i whai kaha Mannerheim raina ata. Rerekē te Maginot French, okioki ia i te taha o te rohe (te uru o te Gulf o Finland, i te rawhiti o Ladoga), a tawhio noa te reira i taea. i mātau taiepa hanga, ki te nui rawa o te mana, me te hanganga e tika ana katoa mo te korero. I roto i te whānui, whakakitea KV tank taimaha ia pai, engari kihai i nui ki te wahi i te hanganga raima whakapakaritia, kahu huna o te oneone te ërä pū 76 mm. te tahi mea e hiahiatia ana whai hua ake, hei tauira, kua i roto i te mahi, ahakoa hiahiatia 152 mm howitzer, i ko te tarakihana tarakihana kaha mo tona transportation. Leningrad kaihoahoa He wero hou: ki ngā rua huānga nui, repo me te tahuhu aroturuki, engari tonu te whakarite i te tika o te tiaki o te waka i te waka pū. Heoi i reira ko tetahi KV-2 tank-patu, tikanga ki te kuru i tetahi pa kaha.

I roto i te wā interwar

Te Finnish War, ahakoa ko reira toto, hohoro mutu, engari, ahakoa tenei, i te hanga o te mīhini taimaha, tae atu i te momo whakapae tonu. Mai Pepuere 1940 Tank "Klim Voroshilov" i roto i te putanga e rua whakarewahia ki te raupapa i runga i te LB (Leningrad Kirov wheketere), me te tīmata i roto i Pipiri me CTZ (Chelyabinsk whakato huaina te tarakihana). Ngākau i roto i aua tau i hohoro tino nui, te whakaminenga Ural HF tuatahi i roto o te toa, me ki te hanga aravihi hanga he whare motuhake, te rahi o e fokotu'u mai he faingamālie rawa nui. E kore matou i mutu i te kapa mahi me te hoahoa, i te tonu ki te whakapai ake i te mahi hangarau, me te whakatau i hē tāutuhia i roto i te whawhai. I roto i te ngahuru o te wha tekau kia puta ngā tauira hou e rua ki te patu taimaha ki 90 mm ki te patu pū atu kaha (85 mm ërä, e kua ara kihai i taea e moemoea taraka toenga o te ao). Na roto i te mutunga o te tau i whakaritea ai i tetahi atu Rapa, tenei wa ki te tiaki 100-mm. Enei mīhini he whanaketanga ngaro, e huaina ratou taonga 220, 221 me te 222. Ki kahore tetahi i mohio ...

Rite ki te hoariri pea

I roto i te 1941, whakaritea ana e ia ki te whakaputa i 1200 mīhini taimaha, i roto i ngā HF-1 - 400 HF-2 - 100 (i reira he mahi rawa motuhake, a ko te hiahia hoki reira i raro) me HF-3 - te hunga i rite 500 nga wahi. A he anake te reira i roto i Leningrad! Ko tētahi atu 200 wae i ki hoatu CTZ. I roto i te 1949, hua ano he tank taimaha KV-1 me te KV-2 supercarrier, me te tokomaha (243). te Army Whero katoa, i reira nga 636. He rota te iti ranei? hītori Soviet, whakamārama i te take mo te hurihanga o te raumati o 1941, ua faaite te tirohanga e waka tauā hou hapa matou. Heoi, kua wareware ratou ki te whakahua i te meka e whiti te Wehrmacht te rohe o te USSR, he i tona tikanga, he iti ake i te toru mano tāke, me ratou e te katoa, kaore he aweretanga, he ngawari. Ano, ko te ingoa hou ratou tino uaua. ko blitzkrieg Pākehā, o te akoranga, haere ngahau, engari kihai i te pūkaha tiaki, mau ia ara ina he rawa pai peia i runga i te huarahi. Car ka mau i roto i France ko Czechoslovakia, rawa, kihai i haere ki tetahi whakarite noa ki to tatou ngāwari BT. Romania, he hoa o Nasí Germany, a ka patu i te katoa "Renault 17" (17 - tenei tau, 1917 th), i roto i te USSR, i reira nga 2 mea, ko ratou i roto i ngā whare taonga.

Na ano, ko reira te wa ki te mahara e kore anake hua kurawai taimaha i roto i te Soviet Union. He ko toharite hoki, T-34, te pai i roto i te ao, a ka hanga ratou kaha rawa. A te marama, whakaputaina ratou he maha inä o kape. A i runga i ringa, me te tiaki patu, me engines mahi (te nuinga, i te ara, diesel, B-2, e kore tetahi taea kore tetahi atu i roto i te ao ki te faahiti puta noa te pakanga) nui ratou tikanga Wehrmacht. e kore e KV Soviet rite o waenganui-1941 i analogues.

hoahoa

I te wa o nga Momo tuatahi o taea wheketere tank Soviet tukua ki te tono i te hangarau tino matatau. Mō tetahi o hononga haru ai, me te ara kihai i, i hanga ai e te take mā te kakano ia. Ko te taua pā ki te pourewa, atu e nei ake mā te whakamahi i tselnolitevoy tikanga. Ko te matotoru o te mau papaa parau patu i 75 mm. kaha hoahoa whakarerekē tukua ki te whakapiki ake i atu tiaki ki runga ki te 105 mm o e tāuta atu raka broneekranov, engari i roto i te tau 1941 tetahi o te pu German-poari me kahore reira kihai i taea e ia te patu i te tank KV-1.

Ko te kaupapa whānui ko te aronui o Soviet waka Armoured o te hawhe tuarua o te thirties (i muri mai tangohia rite te tauira e Engineers katoa i runga i te ao): te tuku muri, hāunga te take hurirere, i tahuri ki te tāpui, diesel mano me te pū ërä 76 mm (L-11, F-32, a muri zis -5).

huriaro

Engine V-2K ko te ngakau o tenei mīhini, tona kaha ko 500 hp i te tere pūkaha o 1800 rpm / s. i Maha-pereti te waku tuku kohakore hoahoa, kei te maha whakakahore reira, no te mea kihai i hangaia ai e hiahiatia ana ki te faahepo i ki te huri i te tere o te mīhini taimaha rite KV (nui tona taimaha 47 toni), rawa i roto i te nihowhiti tuatahi e rua (i reira nga 5).

Ko te pūtake o te tahuhu mahi rite te whakatārewatanga torsion takitahi o wira ara iti (reira i ono i ia taha). to'o sagging anuhe atu tautoko awa, awa, e toru hoki ia. Tae noa 1942 i hipokina ratou ki rapa ki te whakaiti i te haruru, engari e tika ana ki te kaimahi o rauemi i tenei "papai" i ki kia mahue. kua hanga whānui (700 mm) anuhe ki te whakaiti i te kawenga motuhake i runga i te whenua.

rākau

Experience o mahi ki te hoariri pau, rite ki te haere ki runga, ki te tank ki te pounamu o Molotov Molotov, whakaturia te whakaritenga hou - te kaha ki te hanga i tētahi puhipuhinga o pihi ahi. Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, rite rawa te mīhini i te toru mīhini-pū, tetahi o i tonoa whakahokia ki te tiaki i te wehenga pūkaha. ko tetahi atu pourewa pū mīhini, i hipokina e ia i te whakaekenga rangi. ki tonu Free wāhi roto kariri ergonomically, he reira rawaka ki te whakahaere i te whawhai e huhú roa (135 rauna me 2770 rauna). whakarato taputapu whatu arā, o mātanga (Tod-6 karu, poutiro PT-6) Weapon Tika. Kua whakaratohia e te rangatira te whai wāhi ki te tiro i te tirohanga pai. I roto i te tank i te hōtaka whawhai nga iwi e rima, e taea te whakawhiwhi ratou i tukunga kōrero, ngā kōrero waho te he reo irirangi kawe 71-TK-3 ranei IOP.

Tata 48-ton ahanoa nui e taea tae te tere o 34 km / h, me te i te ora ratonga o 250 km. Ko te he rota.

I te timatanga o te whawhai nui

Kei te pai te mohiotia te reira e timata te whawhai i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino mo te USSR. I runga i te ringa kotahi, te pānga o te kau Nasí fakatokanga ngā puna ite, i te tahi atu te ringa, ko reira tino huakore. Ki te i matau te kukū o te auau mano German, hoki kihai i reira ngaro, me te hinaaro o te Wehrmacht mō te mahi hōia ki te Soviet Union, ko te kore o te kakahu mahana, me te wahie matao-ātete. Otiia, ka hoatu e Hitler te tikanga ki te patu i to tatou rohe, me te tokomaha nui o stockpiles hōia Soviet i ngaro riro te kaipahua, ranei. meinga KV rawa he ru, pera i roto i te German Whakahaua me nga hoia ki runga ki te mua Eastern. Ko te aroaro rawa o te hoariri ano na te tarakona, ahakoa te mua angitu hohonu ki te Soviet Union, arahina ki te tikanga nuinga ki o ratou ake backwardness hangarau. Ki te miharo riro Tiamana whakaaro ai ratou nui howitzer tīhokatia KV-2, ka kitea atu e i roto i rohe pātata o te KV-1 pehi ope pai atu matua. Tētahi atu take ko te whai huatanga ngoikore o enei taniwha i roto i whawhai ārai. Ki te he tika ki "paowa" te hoariri i roto i o te awarua te ino, na eke te trajectory o te tītere - ko tenei tika te mea e hiahia ana koe. Fire taka ki runga ki te matenga e noho ana i roto i nga wharau hoia i te rangi, me kore wahi ki te huna. Ko Me i runga whakaata patua flatness poroāwhio ki tapahi nga tikanga mekameka me te patu atu. whakamatauria reira maumau rite nga pūkahukahu, me te tāke taumaha. kihai i te Soviet Union rite mo te korero.

tohunga hōia Wehrmacht, o te akoranga, i matau ki ta i te tikanga taputapu riro. Ko tōna ako, i roto i te tua ki te mōhiotanga o te kaha o te ahumahi korero Soviet, hanga reira taea ki te mahi me ētahi atu kitenga. whakapumautia e ia te whakaaro o Stalin ki te patu i Germany me KV. Whakaahua o pakaru patu whakapaea Armoured whakamahia me te whakatö-Goebbels 'rite tohu o pukuriri whakaaro o nga mua. whakamahia etahi Wehrmacht horo te mīhini mo ratou ake hiahia.

pūkahukahu WT me ētahi atu tauira toi whakahāwea hohoro nekehia atu i te hanga rite faufaa i roto i tenei āhuatanga. Ko te taua e pa me te Armoured 152mm howitzer. E au ra te reira i te whakarau taua e pa ki katoa "Klim Voroshilov". Otiia faaoti hītori kore. Ahakoa te meka e te waka tauā raupapa KV i roto i tata tikanga katoa iho ki te T-34, tonu ratou production ara i roto i te Leningrad whakapaea. No te mau tumu kitea, ki te kawe i roto i i taea te huringa tukanga hanganga konei, a ka ui mua Armoured, kia e kore tuku Te mihini tahuri anake, a tae noa hanga ake e honotanga nga otaota whakarewa me Izhora. Waihoki kua mahi matou me "Tankograd" te pa o Chelyabinsk. ko nga aravihi production matua i mua i te whawhai i roto i Kharkov, a ka nohoia a reira e nga kau Nasí: fifi ki engine B-2. I roto o tenei fifi na roto i te tautuhinga i te pūkaha penehīni M-17, e, o te akoranga, heke nga kaha whawhai o te hangarau.

"C" tikanga "nohopuku"

Ahakoa te meka e te āhua hou o te whawhai kau homai ake iti-tere Armoured, e kore kua tank hītori KV-1 mutu. A, no te tokomaha o nga tōnounou o tenei motokā, ka i ia painga kitea, pērā i te tiaki pai, me te uruhanga tiketike. āhuatanga tere iti o taputapu whakapae, i hanga te ngana ki te urutau te āhuatanga o te "Klimov" ki te parekura nekeneke hou. puta te reira i KV-1c, i heke papatipu ki 42.5 m. I tae taua he "otinga" hahore patu, anuhe, me te whakaiti here ki projectiles hāmanu 94 (i muri 114). Na tango ki pūkete nga kereme o hoia ki te tōnā, i whakakapi i te reira e te tino atu. tonu rahua, paunatia tank Waenga T34 paku neke atu i te 30 taranata, a i te tipu te mana taua nui atu maneuverable ko. A honoa mai ki te ingoa o te pukapuka "C" tikanga "nohopuku".

atu akatuke'anga

I roto i August 1942, ka tomo ia he tauira hou o te waka Armoured, KV-85. Ko te whakarereke hohonu o te taua KV-1c, ko te rerekētanga i roto i te pū ërä pourewa (i pū DT-5, ko reira mārama ratou ingoa, ko reira 85 mm), te whakaiti i te maha o te waka ki te iwi wha (whakamatauria hōia pū faufaa), motu paura i te tiaki i te taua tahuhu. kawea te pourewa i waho e maka ana.

He i te tahi atu whakamātau ki te whakamahi i te TN taha angitu. I runga i te pūtake o ratou pu whaiaro-tīhokatia i hanga, crawler hanga "Armoured", patu ki e rua, neke atu rānei pu o ngā calibers (CV-7), 122-mm howitzers U-11. I muri i te wikitoria i Moscow, ka reira mārama e he mooni te ino, a kotahi tangohia ana ano tauira o patu ino. KV-8 i waho rawa rite ki te tauira, a tae noa whakataruna tona silhouette i tika ki te whakapaipai motuhake tohu he oko pū, engari ko reira he flamethrower. kitea pū i roto i te pourewa ano hoki tano i roto i aua ra "EP,".

I reira etahi atu momo o te taputapu pŭpŭ tauturu e hāngai ana i runga i huriaro HF: Whakaora i waka pakaru whawhai me tarakihana.

HF me "Tiger"

Ko mua e kore KV tank whakarau rawa angitu. I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te whawhai, ko ia he iti i roto i te tono, e hiahiatia ana he tikanga tino rerekē, me i te wa i te whakawhitinga o ngā hōia Soviet i roto i te ino tawhito whakatakotoria. He taimaha hou IS tāke, nga āhuatanga o i faatanohia te hoki ki te 'ulungaanga o HF, rite i pai ki te pānga o te Tōrangapū Bureau o te "āpiha tuatahi whero" Iosifa Stalina taimaha tōrangapū.

I te tahuri o 1942 me 1943 o, ka puta nga Tiamana "Tiger". ko tino puhoi, me te taimaha tenei mīhini, he ara iti pono atu e o HF tona tahuhu, engari i hoatu te pū 88-mm a ia te whai wāhi ki te patua ngā taumata puai Armoured i te tawhiti, kihai i tukua ki te hoki mai te ahi. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1943, mo te ra kotahi i Leningrad patua 10 HF-1, i koperea i tawhiti atu ki toru "Tiger". Mai 1943, i curtailed ratou production.

Tona whai ki te Victory tonu i KV tāke, me te tohu o tenei ko te maha urupa whakaturia i roto i te honore o to tatou taraka i roto i nga pa maha i roto i i kahakina te whawhai take rawa nei te ngiha. Whakamaharatia kotahi mīhini o Taare, me o te itoito o kaimahi i roto i te muri, Cova hoari toa me te tainga tata to tatou hararei kanapa.