Kore pūmau: te hītori o te kitenga, me te tono o taketake

ariā tinana o "kore pūmau" Ko ki he tino nui pūtaiao hou: kua tata hono reira ki te ariā pērā i wharetīoke, te whakatuwheratanga o i hanga he illius i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rautau rua tekau.

Hei matau aha he kore tino, tirohia ki te mahi o taua physicists rongonui, rite G. Fahrenheit, degrees, A., J. Gay-Lussac ko William Thomson. takaro ratou he tūranga matua i roto i te hanga e whakamahia ana mohoa noa nei nga unahi pāmahana matua.

Tuatahi whakaarohia tona unahi pāmahana i roto i te 1714, ahupūngao German G. Fahrenheit. Ko te kupu hoki kore pūmau, e ko, te wāhi i raro o te tauine, i tangohia pāmahana o te ranunga, i ngā te hukarere me te haukini. Ko te take nui i muri i te pāmahana te tinana tangata noa, i i rite ki te 1000. Nä, ka karanga ia wehenga o te tauine e "nekehanga Fahrenheit" me te tauine iho - ". Fahrenheit"

I muri whakaarohia 30 tau Swedish arorangi A. Celsius te tauine pāmahana i reira ira taketake hei tio pāmahana rewa me te ira koropupū o te wai. te ingoa tenei tauine i "degrees", ko reira tonu rongonui i roto i te nuinga whenua o te ao, tae atu i roto i Russia.

I roto i te tau 1802, swiping ana ngā rongonui, kitea te pūtaiao French J. Gay Lussac e te papatipu rōrahi o te hau i te pēhanga tamau he tika ti'aturi i runga i te pāmahana. Otiia ko te ngā tino te meka e ka te pāmahana ko 10 centigrade, te nui o te piki hau heke ranei i te nui taua. Te hanga i te tātai tika, kitea Gay-Lussac e he rite ki te 1/273 o te rōrahi o te hau i te pāmahana o 0C tenei uara.

Mai i tenei ture i aru te mutunga ko e he rite ki -2730S te pāmahana te te pāmahana i raro, ara haere mai ki te tata, e kore e taea ki te whakatutuki i. Kei te karangatia e te reira i tenei pāmahana te "kore pūmau."

Ano, ko te kore tino te wāhi tīmata hoki te hanga i te tauine pāmahana tūturu, whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i i tangohia e te ahupūngao Ingarangi William Thomson, hoki e mohiotia ana e Ihowa Kelvin.

āwangawanga tona rangahau tuatahi te taunakitanga e kore tinana i roto i te natura, e kore e taea te matao o raro ake i te kore pūmau. Heoi, kua whakamahia e ia te rua o ture o thermodynamics, reira, whakaurua ratou i roto i 1848, ka mohiotia te tauine pāmahana tino rite thermodynamic ranei "tauine Kelvin."

I roto i nga tau me te tekau tau e whai ake nei ka mau te reira wahi anake te whakatakotoranga tau o te ariā o "kore pū", i muri i maha faatia i whakaaro rite -273,150S.

Me mahara hoki käore te reira e kore tino whai wāhi tino nui i roto i te pūnaha SI. Ko te mea, ko te e i roto i 1960, i te amuiraa rahi i muri i runga i Weights me Measures Unit o te pāmahana wera - kelvin - ka tetahi o nga wae matua e ono o inenga. Ko te kupu āta whakaritea e tetahi tohu Kelvin numera rite ki tetahi tohu o degrees, anake e whakaaro te "Kelvin" ira tohutoro te ki hei kore tino, i.e. -273,150S.

Basic tikanga tinana o te kore tino ngā i roto i te meka e, kia rite ki nga ture taketake o te ahupūngao, i tenei pāmahana te pūngao o nekehanga o te matūriki timatanga pērā i ngota me rāpoi he rite ki te kore, a i roto i tenei take ki te mutu i tetahi nekehanga matapōkere o enei taua matūriki. I te pāmahana o pū te kore, ngota me rāpoi whai ki te tango i te tūranga mārama i roto i te ngā matua o te wini whakakahokaho karaihe, hanga pūnaha whakahau.

I tēnei wā, te whakamahi i ngā taputapu motuhake, i taea ki te tiki i te pāmahana o te torutoru anake ppm teitei ake i te kore pūmau nga kairangahau. Hei tae tenei nui taua tinana taea e tika ana ki te ture tuarua i runga ake-whakaahuatia o thermodynamics.