Ko wai te mea te Wahhabi: whakaahua, ngā āhuatanga, ngā rerekētanga i te tūturu Mahometa

I tēnei wā rawa koi i roto i te ao (ina koa i roto i Russia) i roto i te hapori ko te raruraru e pā ana ki te tupu o te extremism fakalotu, i roto i ngā Islamic. I roto i te hinengaro tūmatanui, kei te kaha e pā ana extremism Islamic ki Wahhabism. I te wa ano, etahi o nga Mahometa whakaaro nga kau muimui o te kaupapa fakalotu rite whawhai mo te purenga o Ihirama. Ko wai te mea he Wahhabi? He aha te mea te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou, me nga Mahometa? He aha te mea ratou Māoritanga? Ka tenei katoa e korerotia i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ko wai e ratou?

Tuatahi o te titiro katoa i te hunga e nga Wahhabis. E runga ratou ei feia pee o te Wahhabism - he akoranga motuhake i roto i te Ihirama. tukua ratou hoki te kaiwhakaatu o te Koran me Hadith kē. Ko te wā "Wahhabism" tapa i roto i nga hoariri XVIII rau kaikauwhau Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahab. Ana whakaaro i runga i te ao hou, o Ihirama kua whakaaturia muhu. I whakapuakina ia tata haurangi.
I tēnei wā, he maha tikanga te wā "wahhabism". Ko te kupu, māngai o Karaitiana me atheists e maha e pā ana ki te tangata kohuru e Wahhabi. kia kitea te iwi kahore e nei i matau i roto i te ara o Ihirama, i tetahi Muslim taua, he pahau.

Ko wai e nga Wahhabis i Ihirama? Hoki kau muimui o tuku iho Ihirama Wahhabi he tangata e mau te tikanga rerekē o te haapa'oraa. Ko te kupu, ko te tikanga hou o te nui whānui me ngā Mahometa katoa e piri ana ki te kē tikanga o Ihirama. Wahhabis karanga a rite nga extremists tūturu me Sunni. I roto i te tikanga ki te matau te mea ko Wahhabi Me tino ki mohio nga takenga mai o tenei kaupapa fakalotu.

putanga

Ko te kaiwhakarewa o tenei kaupapa fakalotu ko te kaikauwhau Muhammad Abdel Wahhab, e i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII ko te rangatira o te kaupapa tutu i roto i te Arapi Peninsula mo motuhake i nga mana Ottoman. Ka rite ki te turanga wä o te kaupapa e tau'atāina motu whakamahia pepeha e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te uaua mo te purenga o Ihirama i innovations. I te matua o nga whakaaro o Muhammad Abdul Wahhab ko te whakakāhoretanga o te ariki nui Turkish rite te rangatira nui rawa o Mahometa katoa. Ko te kupu, ki te tautoko i te pakanga whakaoranga motu whakamahia pepeha fakalotú ko te tikanga rite te take pera tawhiti. I te timatanga o te kaupapa whakaoranga XIX rautau i Arapia i huna e nga hoia o te Turkish Sultan. kua kore i rongo ētahi wa e pā ana ki te Wahhabis. i whakaarahia ano te rau me te rima tekau tau o ratou pepeha rangatira taitamariki Abdelaziz Al Saud, te kaiwhakarewa o te rangatiratanga o Hauti Arapia. Ki te ki te whakatuwheratanga o te rohe o ngā āpure hinu nui Hauti Arapia o horapa Wahhabism puta noa i te ao Islamic reira ko he tautoko pūtea kaha.

History o te whanaketanga

Wahhabism hei au wä i roto i Ihirama te tata e pā ana ki Hauti Arapia, a kua whakamahia ai e nga porowhita tikanga i roto i te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga kaupapa here ke hua faatîtîraa i roto i te ao Islamic. Tonu, whakapono maha iwi e enei iwi - e kore e Mahometa. rapu Wahhabis ki pure Ihirama ko te tikanga whakamahi ratou mo tenei, e kore e tautokona e te Qur'an Tapu.

Ka rite ki te hua o te whawhai Arab-Iseraela o 1973 i reira ko tetahi hua tere i roto i utu hinu, i arahina ki te tupu o te taonga o te whiriwhiri tikanga i roto i Hauti Arapia. hanga Jeddah Organization o Conference Islamic me te Islamic Bank o Development, i meinga he mea kaha mo te horapa o te mana Saudi i roto i nga whenua Ihirama.

Wahhabis i roto i te US

whakamahia hoki Wahhabism te United States hei turanga wä ki te ātete i te whakaekenga Soviet o Afghanistan i 1979. Hauti Arapia, te United States me Pakistan whai wāhi ki te horapa o ana whakaaro mo te whakahaere o te Jihad ki te whawhai i te aroaro Soviet i roto i Afghanistan. kua te pānga taha o tenei kaupapa here kua te putanga o te pai-whakangungua, i te hihiri wä kaha o maha militants Islamic, e, i muri oho te pakanga Afghan ki te riri ki te US me ona hoa. i i tenei wa, i hanga te reira i te ringa US te whakahaere "Al Qaeda" i raro i te kaiārahi o Osama bin e waha, nei mahi ka timata he wa roa mo te United States rite te riri nui.

Whakapakari o te rere religooznogo ka whai wāhi ki tona taumahi horapa Kingi Hauti Arapia o taitara Fahd "kaitiaki o nga pereoo Tapu rua" (Mecca me Medina). Ai Wahhabism rite te karakia mōhiohio o Hauti Arapia whakawhiwhia te mana o nga wahi tiketike nui o Ihirama.

"Wahhabi" - e kore te kupu paru, rite maha whakaaro. i hanga te wā kei te rite ki te hua o ngā kōrero o mua.

He aha te mea e tupu i teie mahana?

Tēnei wā Wahhabi Ihirama i roto i te pūkete ao mo e pā ana ki tetahi ōrau o Mahometa. Pokapū He Hauti Arapia me Qatar. Hoki, whakaturia enei whakaaro te turanga wä o te kaupapa "Taliban" i roto i Afghanistan. tango hoki Wahhabism te rota o Radicals Islamic noa i runga i te meka o hihiko ki te haere ki te whawhai ki te "infidels". Ko te kupu, tenei au wä mai i te mutunga o te rau tau XX ka mau e pā ana ki tautoitoi Islamic. Ko wai te mea mau te Wahhabi ko a pehea faikehekehe reira i tuku iho Ihirama?

Rerekētanga Mahometa Wahhabi

Ko te āhuatanga matua o tenei au, me pehea faikehekehe reira i te tahi atu peka o Ihirama.

1. Apee o Wahhabism mooni whakamāori te Koran, e kore e tango ki pūkete te āhuatanga pāpori-tōrangapū i roto i Arapia i te wa o te peropheta Muhammad. mohio a Allah te rite te takitahi, he te kaha ki te neke noa, engari tona ahua tonu te mea ngaro, no te mea e kore e rite ia te tangata me te ki tetahi mea. Rerekētanga faaite mai Mahometa Wahhabi i roto i te meka e te tuatahi tino kino ki uara ahurea.
2. Ka rite ki te pūtake o mārika Wahhabis e mohio anake kohikohinga o te hadith o Bukhari ko Muslim, a tino ka pēpēhia kura fakalotú, me te ture atu. Ano, whakaaro ratou peikani tono tika ki a Allah ( "Tawassul"). whakaaro te reira houhou haere ki nga tanumanga o nga hoa o Mohammed me ētahi atu hunga tapu Ihirama. patua Wahhabis, rite ki o ratou ake, a kahore e tika kia tanumia ki rite ki ngā kōrero tuku iho Muslim katoa.
3. Wahhabis whakakahore te koropiko o te hunga mate, me te whawhai härukiruki ki nga tanumanga o nga tupuna (whakangaro ratou, kua rāhuitia i hanga tohu, me te whakaara ofa'i haamana'oraa). Ratou tino mate faitau i te pakanga e mura ana ki te mua hītori o te iwi, e rapu ki te whakangaro i te whare, me urupa ahurea. Ko te kupu whakakahore ratou tuakiri motu, e tohe nei ki te hanga i tētahi hapori hītori hou o Mahometa. rerekē ratou whakaaro tōrangapū, me te karakia i te radicalism tino. Makanga o iwi katoa e kore e tango ratou tirohanga, me ratou ahurea me te tirohanga - nga āhuatanga matua o Wahhabi.
4. Ano, hoki nga kau muimui o tenei kaupapa āhuatanga e te makanga atu tino o kore-Mahometa nei e whakaaetia ana ki te whakamate me te utu whawhai (Jihad) ki a ratou. Wahhabis, te patu iwi o te tahi atu mau faaroo - te āhuatanga e puta tino maha i roto i nga whenua Ihirama. he mea tapu tetahi Muslim te whawhai ki te "infidels" ko. I te wa ano i āta rohe motu. Mahometa katoa e mahi i roto i te kāwanatanga, hōia, me te pirihimana mana o te whenua e te hunga e kore whenua te wahi mohio Ihirama te rite te haapa'oraa mohio apotata mōhiohio. iwi tutu tino Wahhabis. e kore e taea e Photos kawe i te kare kino e ora i roto i o ratou ngakau.
5. e kore e Wahhabis mohio e nga ture kāwanatanga, nga whakatau o marae fakamāmaní, i roto i te tua ki Shariah. Ano whakakahore Wahhabis te tahi atu ngā i roto i te Ihirama (Sunni me Shia). ngā mahi kaiwhakatuma i te ingoa o ngā ngākau nuitanga o Ihirama (tae atu whaiaro patunga-) whakaaro te tika, me te whakatairangatia ana. I roto i tenei take, nga kau muimui o Wahhabism whakakahore tona oraraa, no te mea he noa pono hoki ratou o ratou mau ti'aturiraa.
6. Ko wai te mea te Wahhabi me aha te whakaaro o tona Māoritanga? Ko te whakaaro o enei iwi ko te hanga o te kotahi kāwanatanga Islamic (caliphate), mahi i runga i te pūtake o te ture Sharia. Kei te mohio ki te reira i roto i tenei take e ka whakapumautia te caliphate i runga i te pūtake o te tūranga tino o Hauti Arapia ko Qatar, nei te tohutohu whiriwhiri e te tūranga tino. maha huri mārika Wahhabi i runga i ngā whāinga tōrangapū ideologues nui rānei. I te wa ano e noho tonu takotoranga pakanga whānui, me te whakakāhoretanga o te kōrero ki ētahi atu akonoanga.
7. Me pēhea te ki te wehewehe i te Wahhabi i taihara noa? Nā ki te pätahi o Wahhabism ki ngā ariā tahae, e ngāwari mohio a e ngā mema o ngā rōpū taihara enei whakaaro. Ko te āhuatanga matua ko te radicalism tino i roto i te pā ana kore anake ki nga tangata no ki tahi atu mau haapaoraa, engari ano ki Mahometa - kau muimui o te tahi atu ngā i roto i te Ihirama. Me whawhai ratou he pakanga tūturu ki te whakaoti i ta ratou whakangaromanga. e kore e Wahhabis tautuhi ratou hei wāhanga o te iwi ki nei no ratou. whakakahore ratou whenua. Ko te mea matua - ki te whai i nga ture me ngā tikanga o Ihirama i roto i to ratou matauranga.

Wahhabism i roto i Russia

I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation, kua horahia e te nuinga Wahhabism i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus (Dagestan, Karachaevo-Cherkessia). Ko te take hoki tenei ko te aroaro i roto i enei rohe, he maha ngā raruraru pāpori-ōhanga (kore mahi, rawakore, pirau i roto i ngā pokapū kāwanatanga, me te uruhi ture). Dagestan Wahhabis - ko te iwi e kore nei i kitea te tautoko i roto i whakaoti ratou mau fifi ranei whakaaro aukatia ratou ki te taha o te mana me rangatira uruhi ture me rite hinga he hua i raro i te mana o Radicals Islamic enei. Horahia e whakaaro Wahhabi whai wāhi ki te mahi o nga apotoro i ki waho (te nuinga i Hauti Arapia, Horano me Pakistan), te whakaaro o e ko te makanga o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus i Russia me te hanga o te caliphate. whai wāhi o ratou mahi whakatö-i roto i te mutunga o 90-doma o XX rautau ki te ngoikore o te kāwanatanga me te Chechen pakanga e rua. Ko te horapa o nekehanga tuwhena i Ihirama whakatairanga illiteracy fakalotu o te taupori, iwi rawa taitamariki, ngä whakamau (te mahara o te pakanga Caucasian, deportations).

Ko te take mo te mana he vaivai o Wahhabism

Tae noa tata, e kore i taea e te kāwanatanga ātete te horapa o ngā whakaaro extremist mātau hanga he kaupapa here-motu. I tēnei wā, me te whakapakaritanga o te mana kāwanatanga, te otinga āta o raruraru pāpori-ōhanga, te whawhai ki te pirau i te kāwanatanga, whāiti te mahi o ngā waho i te käwanatanga whakahaere pai-kore ao taka te mana o Wahhabis i te rohe Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus.

tohu waho

1. miramira te ahua āhuatanga Wahhabis. Whakaahua tohu he huanga faufaa o to ratou ahua - te pahau. Ia, Ko te āhuatanga whakahauanga o tangata rite ki nga kau muimui o Wahhabism. Heoi, i roto i te tikanga ke tukua ki te trimming he poto noa ranei heua tona pahau. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te waiho i te mara o te uruhi ture, kei te ngana te Wahhabis ki ke a kore peka i te papatipu matua o Mahometa. Kei te maha huna ratou whakatö-. hanga huarahi ki te tirohanga ki te kimi te i muri i te ako tupato o kaitono. I tēnei wā, oho te pokapū ki te kaha ki te mahi ki te tamarikitanga Muslim. whakamahi te reira i illiteracy, pangore, te keno ki te iwi taitamariki maximalist.
2. Hoki, ngā āhuatanga o waho, e taea te kitea Wahhabis poroa te tarau mau (runga ake i te pona), heua heua te matenga. Ka taea hoki e ratou kakahu te kakahu motu, tangohia i roto i te whenua Arab.
3. He hoki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te mahi o tikanga karakia. Wahhabis, he i roto i te whare Korāna, e kore e hoatu ki runga ki tona matenga te skullcap me kore e whakamahi i te rohārio, e titore ratou i whakapono noa.
4. Wahhabis hae e matakitaki ana, kia ai a ratou wahine tino uhi i te mata, ka mahue tuwhera nga kanohi anake. Apee o tuwhena Ihirama korero pai e pā ana ki te tukanga, me te pūnaha tōrangapū o Hauti Arapia me nga āhua kaiwhakatuma tata (LIH), rāhuitia i te rohe o te Russian Federation. pinepine e ratou tuhinga whakatö raraunga kore putanga ranei whakaputaina i raro i te maru o te whare te whakaputa e whai ake nei: "Badr", "Umma", "Tauba", "Fazhrul-Islamiyya (Fajr)", "Ibrahim bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Ibrahim", "Santlada ".

I roto i nga tau tata nei, nga Wahhabis maha karanga ratou Salafis.

mutunga

I whakawhanakehia Wahhabism rite te kaupapa fakalotu roto Ihirama i te rau tau XVI me te pā ana ki te ngā whakahēnga pāpori, me te tōrangapū ā-matatini i roto i Arapia, i ngā te whawhai ki te faatîtîraa o te Ottoman Empire. Tuatahi ko reira o huru whakaoranga motu, a ka, i raro i te mana o nga whakaaro o faatîtîraa i roto i te ao Islamic, kua puta i roto i te whiriwhiri tikanga i roto i Hauti Arapia, me te i raro i te mana o ope waho (USA) ka mau te tuwhena Wahhabism. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te makanga o tohutohu katoa o Ihirama, e poka ki ona mau parau tumu wä, me te te whakapuakanga o te whawhai ki "infidels" rite te hopoi'a mo'a o nga Ihirama. Movement i roto i tona ahua hou ko te tau te tino ki te pūnaha kāwanatanga o te Russian Federation, rite fakamanamanai te tapatahi o te whenua (te pato'iraa o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus me ētahi atu wāhi ki te taupori nuinga Muslim).

kia matau te reira e kore ko Wahhabism te huru kaupapa fakalotu o Russian Mahometa, a ka kawea i te waho, me te ko te whakamātau o ope waho ki te tukinohia te āhuatanga tōrangapū i roto i te whenua. Fighting radicalism Me ngā te whakakorenga o te take whai wāhi ki te makanga o mana i runga i te wahi o te taupori o te whanui mahi mātauranga, rawa i roto i te iwi taitamariki nei e tino haria ki te pānga o tikanga ke o tuku iho Ihirama o te whakatö-fakalotu. I tua atu, kia aroturuki te mana tūmatanui hāngai nga mahi o katoa o ngā rōpū waho i te käwanatanga taurewa i ki waho, e mau ana i roto i whakatö manene ki te tuku iho o ngā uara Russian.