Ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia: poto

I te timatanga o te rau tau XIX, puta he kaupapa e pā te whakarau o te iwi o te rohe pātata ki te rohe o te Moana Baltic me hoki rau tau maha i raro i te mana o te piriniha Swedish. Tenei mahi hītori ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia, nei hītori te pūtake mō tēnei tuhinga.

meinga te tuhinga he hua o te whawhai Russian-Swedish

Mahuru 17, 1809 i runga i nga takutai o te Gulf o Finland i Fredrikshamn Emperor Alexander ahau me te Swedish Kingi Gustav IV hainatia te kirimana, i hua i te rironga o Finland ki Russia. Tenei tuhinga, ko te hua o te wikitoria o ngā hōia Russian, tautokona e France ko Denmark i te whakamutunga o te raupapa roa o pakanga Russian-Swedish.

Ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia raro Alexander 1 ko te whakautu ki te tono Borgorskogo Sejm - te hui tuatahi o nga iwi kaihe noho Finland, te kāwanatanga Russian ki te tono mō te whakaaetanga o ratou whenua ki a Russia i nga Tika o te Duchy Grand o Finland, me te mutunga o te uniana whaiaro.

Te nuinga o hītori whakapono e ko te reira i te tauhohenga pai ki te Hiha Alexander ahau ki tenei motu ka hoatu whanaketanga ki te hanganga o te kāwanatanga motu Finnish, tona taupori i mua i tenei te tino mana e te whiriwhiri Swedish. Ko te kupu, he mea kahore faarahiraa ki te mea e Russia ko Finland nama te hanganga o tona tufaa.

Finland rite te wahi o te rangatiratanga o Sweden

Kei te mohiotia te reira e te aroaro o te timatanga o te rau tau XIX te rohe o Finland, i nohoia e te iwi o te moni, me te Em, e kore he āhua motuhake. I waenganui X me i mua ki te timatanga o te rau tau XIV no reira ki Novgorod, engari i roto i te 1323 i hinga e Sweden mō ngā rau tau, ka haere mai i raro i tona mana.

E ai ki te herehere i roto i te taua tau Orekhovskaya tiriti, ko Finland he wahi o te rangatiratanga o Sweden ki nga tika o te mana motuhake, me te i roto i te 1581 riro te mana ōkawa o te Duchy Grand o Finland. Heoi, i roto i te hono mo'oní, tona taupori ture a administratively i raro ki te whakahāweatanga nui. Ahakoa te meka e whai nga Finns te tika ki te tuku o ratou māngai ki te pāremata Huitene, ko na iti e kore e tukua tetahi pānga nui i runga i te otinga o ngā take o nāianei ratou tau. Tenei āhua o take roa noa tae noa i roto i 1700 e kore e wahia ano tetahi atu pakanga Russian-Swedish.

Ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia: te timatanga o te tukanga

I roto i te Northern War nui, ka mau nga ngā tino nui wahi rite i runga i te rohe Finnish. I roto i te 1710, riro nga hoia o Pita ahau i muri i te whakapaea angitu te pa pai-taiepa o Vyborg me noaa i roto i te ara taua i runga i te Moana Baltic. I muri i te wikitoria o te hōia Russian i riro wha tau i muri mai i i te Battle o Napuze whakaaetia te tuku o nga Swedes tata katoa te Duchy Grand o Finland.

Reira tonu e kore e taea te whakaaro rite te rironga tonu o Finland ki Russia, mai ko he wahi nui o reira tonu te wahi o Sweden, engari i timata te reira i te tukanga. kihai i taea e ara mutu te reira atu nganatanga ki te tango utu mo te hinga i tukua e tangohia e te Swedes i roto i 1741 me 1788, engari nga wa e rua i kahore angitu.

Otiia, i te huru Nishtadt tiriti e mutu te whawhai, me te herehere Te Tai Tokerau i roto i 1721, oho ki te rohe Russian o Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, me te tokomaha o nga motu Moana Baltic. I tua atu, ka te kingitanga Southwest Karelia me te pa tuarua nui i roto i te Finland - Vyborg.

riro ia te pokapū whakahaere whakapumautia tata Vyborg kawanatanga, kua whakaurua ki roto ki te kawanatanga St Petersburg. E ai ki te tuhinga, riro Russia herenga i runga i te katoa tukua ki a ia rohe Finnish ki te whakaora, te tika ngā i mua o tangata, me nga mau haamaitairaa o etahi rōpū pāpori. whakaratohia te reira mo te tiaki o turanga fakalotu mua katoa, tae atu i te haere noa ki te mahi i te taupori o te whakapono whaiwhakapono, mātauranga fakalitūsia me te wairua i roto i ngā kura.

Ko te wāhanga i muri o te roha o te rohe o te raki

I roto i te kingitanga o Empress Elizabeth i roto i te 1741 wahia te whawhai Russian-Swedish hou. Ia ka hoki tetahi o nga wāhanga o te tukanga, te hua o nei tata e whitu tekau tau i muri mai, ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia.

Ka taea te whakarāpopoto whakarāpopoto ona hua i roto i te rua ngā matua - ko ki te hopu i te rohe nui o te Duchy Grand o Finland i raro i te mana Swedish, i whakaaetia hōia Russian ki te neke ki runga ki Oulu, a ka aru te manifesto rawa. I roto i te reira Maehe 18, 1742 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, ta te whakataki o te katoa o Sweden riro i te rohe o te kāwanatanga motuhake.

I roto i te tua, he tau i muri mai i roto i te pokapū whakahaere nui o Finland - te pa o Turku - haina te kāwanatanga Russian he kawenata ki māngai o te taha Huitene o te kirimana, kia rite ki nei, meinga he wahi o Russia te katoa o tonga-Eastern Finland. Ko reira he wāhi nui o te whenua, ngā te pa o Lappeenranta, Hamina, Nyslott me tona kaha kaha, me te Kyumenegorskuyu ko savo kawanatanga. Ka rite ki te hua, oho atu atu i St Petersburg te rohe Russian, ko te kupu whakaiti i te ati o te whakaekenga Swedish i runga i te pane a Russian.

I roto i te 1744, ngā te rohe katoa i roto i te Russian Empire i runga i te pūtake o te kirimana hainatia i te pa o Turku, i piri ki te kawanatanga Vyborg hanga i mua, a ki hanga reira te kawanatanga Vyborg hou i hanga. I tona rohe whakapumautia i Kauti: Serdobol'skii, Vilmanstrandsky, Hamina, Neyshlotsky, Kexholm ko Vyborg. Ka rite ki taua, roa te kawanatanga noa te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII, a ka i puta ke ki te Kawanatanga ki te ahua ngā o te kāwanatanga.

Ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia: Union, pai ki whenua e rua

I te timatanga o te rau tau XIX ko te rohe o Finland wahi o Sweden, ko te rohe ahuwhenua underdeveloped. Ko tōna taupori i taua wa kihai i nui 800 mano. Tangata, o nei 5.5 anake% noho i roto i ngā wāhi tāone. I nga peasants, ko te whenua riihi, takoto te tukino rua i rua nga rangatira feudal Swedish, me te ratou ake. Kei te nuinga o tenei e pūkeke te whanaketanga o te ahurea motu, me te tuakiri.

Hono i roto i Finland ki Russia i kore pai ki nga whenua e rua. Alexander i ahau taea, reira, atu atu i te rohe ki te pana hoki tona whakapaipai - St. Petersburg, i te nuinga o wāhi ki te whakapakari o tona haumaru.

Finns rite te i raro i te mana o Russia, riro he rota rawa o te haere noa i roto i te rohe o te mana-ture, me te whakahaere. Heoi, i mua tenei hui i tetahi, te 11 i roto i te rarangi, me te whakamutunga i roto i te aamu o te whawhai Russian-Swedish, i wahia i roto i roto i 1808 i waenganui i te whenua e rua.

Ko te pakanga whakamutunga i waenganui i Russia me Sweden

Ka rite ki matau ana tatou i tuhinga pūranga, kihai i te whawhai ki te rangatiratanga o Sweden i nga mahere o Alexander ahau, a ko runga i tona wahi i te mahi i akina atu, te hopearaa o i ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia. Ko te meka e, kia rite ki te tiriti rangimarie Tilsit hainatia i te tau 1807 i waenganui i Russian ko Napoleonic France, ka mau te kingi ki te fatongia ki kukume Sweden ko Denmark ki te pā continental fai ki te hoariri noa i taua wa - Ingarangi.

Ki te ko te Danes kahore raruraru, te Swedish Korol Gustav IV hua'tu paopao hoatu mua te tono e ia. Ka pau nga taea katoa ki te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana i roto i hautoa, Alexander i takoha ahau ki huihui ki te pēhanga hōia.

I te timatanga o ngā mahi hōia kua riro te reira kitea e, mo tona hubris katoa e kore he ariki Swedish i roto i te tūranga ki te hoatu ki runga rawa te ope kaha e taea e pupuri i te rohe o Finland, i tahuri mahi hōia nui ki ngā hōia Russian. Ka rite ki te hua o te ino, te-tauine tonu i roto i te toru tohutohu, Russian iti iho i te marama i mahue ki te awa Kaliksyoki ka akina atu Gustav IV tīmata whiriwhiringa te pai i runga i nga ngā fakahā e Russia.

Ko te taitara hou o Emperor

Ka rite ki te hua, Fridrihgamskogo te rongo tiriti - i raro i tenei ingoa ka tomo te hītori o te kawenata i hainatia i Mahuru 1809, ka mohiotia Alexander ahau rite te Duke Grand o Finland. E ai ki te tuhinga, ka mau te arii Russian te fafauraa ki wāhi tino ki te mahia o te ture tangohia e te Finnish Sejm, a riro ana whakaaetanga.

Ko tenei tūemi o te kirimana tino nui no te mea hoatu ana te mana Emperor mo nga mahi o te Seimas, a hanga ana e ia tino te matenga o te ture. I muri i kawea ai i roto i hono Russia Finland (tau 1808), anake ki te whakaae o St Petersburg tukua ki te huihui i te Diet, a ki te whakamōhio huringa ki ngā ture i taua wa.

Mai i te ture arikitanga ki te absolutism

Ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia, nei rā hāngai ki te ra o te faaararaa o te Faaiteraa o te kingi i runga i Maehe 20, 1808, tahi e te maha o huru rawa motuhake. Hoatu e Russia, rite ki te kirimana, i takoto ki te hoatu i te Finns he rota o te mea ratou i rapu i roto i te noa i te Kawanatanga o Sweden (te tika ki te faaotiraa-whaiaro, me te rangatiratanga tōrangapū me te pāpori) i roto i tenei ara i tetahi uauatanga nui.

Me kï reira e mua te Duchy Grand o Finland ko wahi o Sweden, arā te āhua, i i te pūnaha ture, nga mea timatanga o te wehenga o mana o kanohitanga i roto i te Pāremata, me te, tino nui te kore o serfdom o te taupori tuawhenua. Na, Heoi, ko te rironga o Finland ki Russia hanga wahi o te whenua, i te wā e te arikitanga hope, i reira i whakapataritari te kupu "ture" riri i roto i whiriwhiri momo o te hapori ia, a ka tutaki whakahounga ahu whakamua katoa ki te ātete mooni.

Creation o te kōmihana i runga i ngā take o Finland

Ko te takoha ki a Alexander ahau, e whakahaere ki te whai i te titiro mataara i tenei take, a ki te upoko o te kōmihana, whakapumautia e ia mo rongoā ngā raruraru hoatu tona akonga o ohaoha ngā - Count M. M. Speranskogo, rongonui hoki ona mau tautooraa whakahou.

I muri i ako taipitopito o nga āhuatanga katoa o Finnish Industries, tūtohutia Ariki rite te pūtake o tona pūnaha kāwanatanga te parau tumu o te mana motuhake me te tiaki o nga whakarerenga iho rohe katoa Earl. Ia whakawhanakehia hoki ngā tohutohu tikanga mo te mahi o te Komihana, nga tikanga matua o i hanga e te pūtake mo te kaupapa ture o Finland heke mai.

Hono i te Russian Finland (tau 1808) me te whakaaro atu o tona ora tōrangapū ā-nuinga hua i whakatau tangohia Borgorskim Sejm, ki te whai wāhitanga o ngā māngai o te whenei pāpori katoa o te hapori. I muri i te tuhi ki runga, me te hainatanga o nga mema o Diet o te tuhinga e hāngai ana ka mau te oati o piri ki te Russian Emperor me State, te mana o e ratou noa honoa.

He pārekareka ki te mōhio e, e haere ake ki te torona, i nga māngai e whai ake katoa o te Whare o Romanov manifestos whakaputaina ano, faaite te rironga o Finland ki Russia. Whakaahua o te tuatahi o ratou, no ki Alexander ahau, i maka a matou tuhinga.

I muri hono Russia i 1808, kua whakawhānui ahua rohe o Finland tika ki te whakawhiti i raro i tona mana o Viborg (Finland mua) kawanatanga. Ko te reo e pā ana i taua wa ko Sweden, ka whānui hoki o te āhuatanga hītori o te whanaketanga o te whenua, ko Finnish, korerotia e tona taupori taketake katoa.

Patu ki te pakanga Soviet-Finnish

kua tino pai mo tona whanaketanga me te tufaa Pānga o te rironga o Finland ki Russia. Nā ki tenei hoki neke atu i te rau tau i waenganui i te āhua e rua kihai i whakatika tetahi ngā whakahēnga nui. Me kï reira e mo te wā katoa o te faatîtîraa Russian Finns, pērā te amo, e kore tutu, a kihai kore tamata ki te tiki atu i raro i te mana o tona hoa ake kaha.

Kua puta ke te pikitia radically i 1917, i muri i nga mua, arahina V. I. Leninym, ngā te rangatiratanga o Finland. A, no te whakautu i tēnei mahi o te pai mehara ore pango, me te whakamahi i te tūranga taimaha i Russia, te Finns i 1918, ka tīmata te whawhai i te noho i te wahi ki te hauauru o Karelia ki runga ki nga Sisters o te awa, oho i te rohe Pechenga, tango wahi o te kūrae me te Middle Rybachy.

Kua panaia te tīmatanga angitu pērā o te kāwanatanga Finnish mo te pakanga hōia hou, a i roto i 1921 whakaekea ratou rohe Russian, poipoi mahere ki te waihanga i tētahi "Finland Greater". Heoi, i tenei wa, i tawhiti iti tano mahinga moni ma ratou. Te aroraa whakamutunga patu i waenganui i nga hunga e noho tata raki e rua - te Soviet Union ko Finland - ko te whawhai, i wahia i roto i roto i te hotoke o 1939-1940.

Reira i kawea mai ano hoki te wikitoria Finns. Ka rite ki te hua o whawhai, i roa i te mutunga o Whiringa-ki waenganui-Maehe, me te tiriti rangimarie, i meinga te āhuatanga whakamutunga o te pakanga, ngaro Finland tata 12% o tona rohe, tae atu ki te pa tuarua nui o Vyborg. I tua atu, to ratou mau fare, me te taonga i ngaro atu i te 450 mano. E takoha Finns ki hohoro whakatahia i te raina mua ki te whenua.

mutunga

Ahakoa te meka e te taha Soviet te hopoi'a katoa mo te pakarutanga o te pakanga kei ki nga Finns, ka ūkuia kiia i tangohia e ratou te matā, ko te hapori ao kua whakawakia kāwanatanga o Stalin mo te whawhai. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i Hakihea 1939 te Soviet Union hei State te kaipahua, i peia i te League o Nations. Kua meinga tenei pakanga maha ki te wareware te mea pai katoa e kotahi kawea ki taua mea rironga o Finland ki Russia.

Day o Russia, kāore, e kore e kitea i roto i Finland. tau whakanui muri Finnish i runga i Hakihea 6, Independence Day, mahara pehea i 1917 kua homai te kāwanatanga Bolshevik ratou te whai wāhi ki te wahi i atu i Russia, ka tonu ki te ake i tona ara hītori.

Otiia, whakauaua te faarahiraa ki te mea e ratou tūranga o nāianei i roto i ētahi atu whenua Pākehā, au Finland nui ki taua pānga, i roto i nga wa o mua i Russia i runga i tona hanganga, me te rironga o to ratou ake āhua.