Ko te rārangi o hape, e rāhuitia mahi o te waka. Ko te tikanga mo te whakauru o waka ki te whakahaere

haumarutanga waka Hangarau - he āhua o te waka i roto i nei te mōrea o te whara kino ranei ki te tangata e mana ratou, ētahi atu ranei te heke, ki te iti.

ture Ture o te haumaru o waka

Hei whakanui i te haumaru waka i te taumata-ture, ngā he rārangi o hape, me nga tikanga i raro i nei opani mahi o te waka. whanaunga Ture i roto i te rohe o te Russian Federation me ture faatere i te tau Paerewa State 51709 2001. SDA Kei tikanga whakahaere whakaaetanga ki te whakauru o tikanga, me he rārangi o injuries e hanga waka haumaru mo te taraiwa me etahi atu.

I roto i 2011, te Kōmihana o te Customs Union, rite i whakaaetia e te ture i roto i te mara o te haumaru tukuna tikanga wira. puoi tenei Ture te rārangi o hē, i raro nei opani i te mahi o waka SDA Kazakhstan, Peraruhia me te Russian Federation. Kei te hangaia Tu'utu'uni mo kaiwhakanao me te kaiwhakau ia paearu rawa tino mō mehua kaha, me te hāngū o pāhihi me tangata whakatūpatotanga whakahaere waka rānei.

Ko te kupu, ki te rā, utua nui aro te ki te whanonga i runga i nga rori, me te whakarite i te huru hangarau pono o te haumaru o te transportation.

tikanga Whakahaere whakaratohia hoki e ture

tutuki whakatinanatanga o tautukunga ki nga mehua haumaru e hiahiatia o ngā rōpū katoa e whai wāhi me nekehanga e whai i te tikanga me ngā paerewa i whakaritea e te ture.

Ko te tikanga mo te whakauru o waka mahi whakaaetia anake ki ki te whakamahi i te waka ki te ūnga i raro i te tikanga e whai ake nei:

• rēhitatanga waka whakahauanga i roto i nga pirihimana waka me te tauākī i runga i te pūkete, me te tuhia waka e whakamahia ana i ētahi atu whenua i te mana tikanga;
• wātea o paraharaha rēhita, e whakaratohia ana e te ture;
• Me hāngai ngā whakaritenga hangarau mō te wāhanga TC ki ture katoa me tikanga i roto i te hanganga ture ki te haumaru i runga i nga rori;
• te oraraa o ngā wāhanga ki te whitiki mō pāhihi i runga i ngā pahi te taviniraa i te ara interurban;
• Me tika kia piri ki te nohoanga-poari te waka;
• āhuatanga motuhake hoatu mua ki wakatono, me waka mō te ako ki te eke;
• i roto i te huru hangarau pai, me te tika tohu ti'araa huritao kia whai pereo me kaata hoiho-unu ;
• ka kukume i te hononga ngāwari he tika ki te tautuhi i te reira, me e honoa kaki hiahiatia te ki tautuku ki ngā paerewa motu;
• ki runga i te waka ka tohua ki te tohu tūranga tāuta.

kia aroturuki te haapa'oraa o ngā āhuatanga taraiwa tino arotau taraiwa kore anake, engari ano nga rangatira i roto i te tiaki o te mata ara i te wahi ona ranei. hoatu whakaritenga motuhake e whakamua mo taua te tukunga i te waka, kia rite ki nga pahi ara. Ko te rārangi o hape, e ārai te tuku i te waka i runga i te ara, hoki me kia tangohia ki pūkete kaimahi hi'opo'araa o hinonga e kawe i roto i transportation. I mua i mahue kia mohio ki te whakahaere te tirohanga o te waka, me te ki te ārai i maumaui o ture haumaru i take ki runga ki te ara.

Hapa i roto i te mea Kāore mahi atu

Rārangi o hape e rāhuitia mahi waka kei rua ngā kāwai.

1. Hapa i nga en ara, engari ki nei ka taea e koe te haere tonu taraiwa. Me nekehia tonu taua kino, ka e kia e taea: i roto i te pokapū ratonga, ranei tango te kāinga.
2. Breakdowns hoki i waho tetahi waka, no te mea e taea e arahi i te reira ki ngaahi nunua mamafa.

Hapa e tukua nekehanga ki te wahi o te te hanga

SDA kanga Russian i runga i te whakamahi o waka ki te whakauru pakaru e whai ake tikanga:

• frein;
• pūnaha urungi;
• rama waho;
• hoki karaihe me te stekloomyvatelnye whakaaro mō te motokā;
• wira me potae;
• motor;
• atu wāhanga.

pūnaha braking

Ko te ngoikoretanga o te pūnaha wahia ko te taikaha o te huarahi tātai braking rangahau tawhiti. Kei te whakaturia te roa i roto i mita mō ia aratau o waka me me tautuku ki GOST. ngā ano nga tātaitanga raraunga te whakapōturinga on.

Ko te kupu, ko te tawhiti braking, hei tauira, mō ngā waka e taea e kore nui ake 12.2 m. TC puta i mua 1981 tau, nui haere tenei ahua ki 14.5 m. Mā te he motokā taua kia kore iti iho i te 6.8 m / s ^2, a mo tauira pakeke, aua - e kore e iti iho i 6.1 m / s ^2.

Ko te rārangi o hape me ngā āhuatanga i raro i nei opani i te mahi o te pūnaha wahia, ano ngā he takahi o te patu teka, e tohu te actuator depressurization wahia, te hua i roto i tikanga whakawātea me te kore te kanohi o te pūnaha wahia waka (ka kore e kī ai te immobility runga i te mata i tahuri).

urungi

I roto i te pūnaha urungi ki te whakarite i te faito o te urungi ko reira e tika ana, karanga hoki te tikanga whakautu. Ko te kupu, i roto i te waka pāhihi e kore e nui taua hurihanga tekau nga nekehanga, i roto i pahi me lorries - te whakaatu i 20 me 25 nekehanga.

mahi waho ina huringa i roto i te huarahi whakahaere, iti warea, displacement o nga wahi me hahi.

Ngaro kore o te pūrere, te whakarei ake i te wira urungi ranei, tutakina hoki te taea o ngā haerenga.

waho Rama

Rārangi o hape mo i rāhuitia te waka te mahi ngā he takahi i roto i te whānuitanga, ngā whakaata, me te tahi atu pūrere. Ko hoki te reira i te aroaro Kāore o ētahi atu pūhanga, i roto i te tua ki te hoahoa hangarau whakapumautia (e kore e tenei huru tono ki waka, wahi e kore nei e hangaia). e kore e poke rama whakamahia mō te moni kāore i ranei.

ramaroa rarapa Me whakanohoia ki runga ki te waka anake i roto i te runga i ngā whakaritenga ā-ture.

Na taputapu mō te stekloomyvatelnye karaihe

kia tino whakahaere, me te tika tāuta ēnei āhuatanga. Kore, te taraiwa e koe, me te tahi atu mōrearea waka nui, no te mea i roto i te rerenga o te aritanga huarahi ko te nui kino, a i roto i te pouri - tata te kore. A, no te kitea he he i te i roto i te ua te hukarere ranei, e tūtohu ana ki te aukati i te motokā, me te tatari mo ki te rangi whakapai ake.

A, no te taraiwa i runga i te whenua rori mākū puehu ranei o te tūranga motuhake takaro e pūrere stekloomyvatelnye. Me aroturuki ia taraiwa wā te taumata o omyvatelnoy wai, pera i roto i te take o tona ngaro, a ko te tino paru te kaupapa o te karaihe ara waka reporepo, te whakamahi i te wiper ki te tango tohu kē atu te āhuatanga anake.

Wheels me potae

Ko te rārangi o hape, e rāhuitia mahi waka obliges rangatira motokā ki te whiriwhiri potae rite ki hoahoa waka, e arotahi ana ki te teitei o te tauira takahi, tona diameter me te kaha kawenga.

E kore e taea e koe te whakamahi i exfoliating, pakaru potae, potae ki aho tahanga kau.

I tua atu, he mea e tika ana ki te tautuhi i tika te tupare, ārai ngā rerekētanga i roto i te tauira takahi ai ki runga ki tetahi tuaka.

Ko nga wira, me kia noa o te kino me te kapiti ratou. Ehara i whakaaetia kahore toromoka.

nekeneke

Depressurization me takahi o te whiwhi wahie, kahore e whakaaetia arā o ngā pūnaha horomanga wahie wahie me ngā haurehu whakapau i roto i te motokā. E whakatakotoria ana GOST te rohe runga o te ihirangi o pūhui kino i roto i nga hau.

atu wāhanga

Ko te rārangi o hape, e rāhuitia mahi o te waka, ngā ano:

• takahi o te tohu oro, te raka;
• kahore whakaata, coir tūemi, whitiki me arcs;
• kore o moni mo āwhina ohorere, Fire whakapoko, whakatupato tapatoru;
• te aroaro o ngā ranei coatings e hanga uaua taua mea mo te taraiwa.

Whiu mo te takahi o nga whakaritenga i runga ake

I roto i te take o te mana waka ki te breakdowns āpiha i runga ka tika ki te kawe koe ki te utu whakahaere.

Hoki te kore ki te ū ki ngā whakaritenga ā-ture i runga i te tangata peia te waka, kia tangohia he pai o runga ki te rima rau moni iti fakatokanga waha ranei.

Ka taea te wero āpiha Kawa ki te tangohia i te pai i roto i te marae, te parau atu e te mana waka ki te arā i roto i i rāhuitia te mahi te, ko reira tika ki te tae te wahi o te hanga, ka hanga e kino i muri wehenga i te pūwāhi atu.

A, no te te whakahaere waka, i runga i nei te marama ranei pūrere tangi, e rarapa ramaroa ratonga tūmatanui e kua tukua anake hoki etahi momo o waka, ka runanga kaupapa ranei tinana kāwanatanga tohu, kia tangohia te kaiarataki o tika.

Tāutatanga, kahore te icon taxi raihana tautea te pai o 5000 moni.

Hapa i roto i nei atu te ahunga whakamua, ko te taea

5 SDA Kei roto he, e rāhuitia mahi waka.

e kore e 1. mahi i roto i te raupapa tika i te pūnaha braking.

Ko reira kitea e kore e taea e te mea e kore koe e taea e mutu te motokā i runga i te kaupapa atu o te kupu e haere.

I roto i te te tāutu i te ofatiraa i taua o nga aukati e pā ana he nui ake kino. Heoi, e kore i taea e te kaimahi ti'amâraa tūmatanui anake tangohia te pai, engari ano hoki ki te tango i te atekōkiri i peia te waka, me te tango i nga kaupae ki te whakakore i te mahi-kore tika waka atu te ara, e pupuri ana i te reira i roto i te tikanga i whakaritea.

2. raruraru ki te pūnaha urungi.

Ki te he e kore e taea ki te whakahaere i te steerage me mutu tonu neke me, ki te kore koe e taea e faaore i te kino i runga i te wahi, karanga te taraka muka.

I roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te kore taua, kia tere te kawe atu koutou tirohanga o te pūnaha urungi mo nga ngaio, no te mea he mea he tikanga rawa uaua.

3. Ngā raruraru ki te drawbar.

I te whakapae iti o te arā i roto i kukume he tika ki te mutu i te kaupapa. Me ū te pūrere pērā ki ngā paerewa kāwanatanga, rite te wakatō wehe ranei atu taputapu tōia he tino kino i runga i te ara.

4. I roto i te rārangi o hape waka, hoki i rāhuitia ki te whakahaere i te waka ki te kanga ki runga ki te kaupapa atu wahi o te kore o ngā huānga rama, ranei mate o te whakamahi tika ki te he i ranei ka te tahuna te umanga i roto i,.

kia whakatārewatia te haerenga, a kia nekehia atu te motokā i te huarahi i roto i te wā pouri o te ra ranei i roto i ngā āhuatanga aritanga rawakore. Ki te puta te kore i roto i te mārama rangi, e kore te te waka rāhuitia.

Rawa kino ko te kore o te rama i runga i te taha taraiwa. A, no te kia te raiti maui hapa atu te ara tonu.

5. wiper Kā i te taha o te taraiwa ki te rangi kino.

Ka taea te anō te nekehanga, ka ähuareka te rangi te.

I roto i te tirohanga o te nui haere te ati i runga i nga rori rāhuitia ki te tau'a ore whakatūpatotanga mahi waka. taea tenei e kore anake arahi ki aukati tūmatanui, me nunu'a atu mamafa.