Ko te kaitapere wahine rongonui Russian Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fodorovna: biography, te ora whaiaro, tūranga tapere

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna - he tino Russian kaitapere wahine tau 19-20, nei mahi kua i te pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te toi tapere. i poto, engari rawa kaha, me te kanapa tona ora. Ako o ona ari te kaupapa o maha pukapuka, tuhinga, me te dissertations. Komissarzhevskaya Theatre He (St. Petersburg), kua faauruhia ia kaitito ki te tuhituhi rotarota e pā ana ki kiriata tona ora. tonu te reira i te wahi nui o te toi Russian, ara i muri i neke atu i te 100 tau i muri i te withdrawal.

Ngā mātua me tau wawe

whanau Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna i Whiringa 8, 1864 i roto i St Petersburg. Tona whaea - Maria Nikolaevna, te tamahine o te rangatira o te Preobrazhensky Regiment, me tona papa - he kaiwaiata opera rongonui i roto i te St Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre. ako ia i roto i Itari, ka hoki ki Russia. Ua faaipoipohia mau metua Vera i ngaro, ko reira he kōrero nui i roto i te pa. Neke atu i te wa, te papa o Maria Nikolaevna manakohia reira. whanau te tokorua i tata karapīpiti e toru nga tamahine. tupu ake te whakapono me te tuahine i roto i te huru te tohunga i roto i te whare i reira i tetahi rota o kaitapere, toi, kaiwaiata. Ko te papa, he hoa o Mussorgsky. Kei te maha whai wāhi whakapono i roto i ngā whakaaturanga whare me konohete. i ia he reo pai, a kua tumanako tona papa e pai waiho ia hei kaiwaiata. haere Vera roto i te kura torutoru, engari faatîtîraa i roto i te āhua kihai i tukua ki a ia ako pakeke. I roto i te mutunga, ka mau te papa ia ki ako i te kāinga.

E puta ke katoa ka mate tona papa Marya Nikolaevna, riro ia hokona he kainga tupu, he whenua e tata ana Wilno ka hoatu tana tamahine matamua ki ako i roto i te whaimana Vera Institute mo Noble kotiro. noho tana tane i roto i St. Petersburg, tonu ki te waiata, me te kore i feaa ki te tīmata i te romance hou. ka mau Marya Nikolaevna whakahenga mo te whakarere te runga ratou me ki te utu i te utu, hokona te whenua. Ko te toenga o tona ora arahina ia he ora rawa rawakore. I whakaae te whaea o Vera e te whakaaro matua o te wahine - he tane, me ngā tamariki. Na ka wahia ake tona faaipoiporaa, i pakaru ia mo te ora.

karanga

Kua tonu kua Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna tata ki tona papa, ki a ia, i whanaunga ratou wairua, engari ka wehea nga matua, i noho ia ki tona whaea, kia rite ki te papa hohoro toe mali. I roto i te tikanga ki te tautoko i tona whaea, me tuahine, a Vera ki kia marena, a whakaae ana ia te tono o te Kaute Vladimir Muraviev. Otiia ko reira tonu mārama e kore te faaipoiporaa. pai popokorua ki te inu, i taea e i roto i te āhua overheated ki te whakaara i te ringa ki tona wahine. Na ka tino he take ki a ia teina Tuí tuahine - Hope. miharo tenei tinihanga rua attrice tuhi. Ia ko tona whaea, ka tangohia e whakahenga mo te whakarere te te runga, a tae noa eke ki te hōhipera hinengaro. Ko reira kua arahina tenei mamae ki te meka i whakatuwheratia ai ki kaha taranata attrice nui whakaari. tino tohutohu Doctors ia ki te kitea etahi mea ki faanevaneva whakaaro. Na ka anga ia ki te tango i mahi haapiiraa i te kaiwhakaari o Alexandrinsky Vladimir Davydov. ka kite ia i roto i reira te rota o te taranata, a tohutohu ki te whakauru i roto i te kura whakaari. Otiia faaoti ora rerekē.

timata o te ara

I roto i te 1890, wehe Tuí te papa ki tana wahine tuarua, ka oho tona tamahine i roto i tahi ia ia. mo te whakapono ki te rota o te kita, tauturu tona papa ki te ākonga. Kia te akonga i te ingoa o Stanislavsky ui ia ki te āwhina ia ia i roto i te tākaro i roto i te moe hopu, te wahi i mate te kaitapere wahine. Na tuatahi whakaturia Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna waewae i runga i te atamira whakaari tūturu. I taua wa, i kitea taote i ia he mate ma'i o korokoro te, ko reira te kakau witi whakamutunga mo tona whakatau ki te riro i te kaitapere wahine. nui ia te tūranga o Betsy i te tākaro "Ko e Ngaahi Fua o Māmá" i roto i te "Society Art me Literature o" i te kura te wahi mahi ia FP Komissarzhevsky. mahi wa i roto i te whare tapere i raro i te aronga o Stanislavsky ko te kura pai, me te whakamātautau hoki i te kaitapere wahine tuhi. Aita i maoro, te "Kamupene" Kua mutu ki te wāhanga ngā mahi no te mea o fifi pūtea. Ko kua kitea Komissarzhevskaya tona ara. ite ia he mahi P. Kisielewski - he kaiwhakaari, he hoa o tona papa. karangatia e ia ia ki te tākaro i te tūranga i roto i Kuskovo i rua mahi, ia tīrama tāia ki ki te tono.

Novocherkassk

I roto i te 1893, hainatia Vera tona kirimana tuatahi mo te mahi toi i roto i te entreprise N. Sinelnikova Novocherkassk. tauturu te faaroo Kiselevsky tiketike, engari matatau aromatawai te kaha o te kaitapere wahine. whakapono ia e tona iku'anga - pukuhohe. I tua atu, kihai i hanga e ia ki runga ki taua mea i nga mahere nui, pera tūmanakohia, e ko te reira anake hoki etahi wa ki te whakakapi i te kaitapere wahine turoro. Ko te mahi i roto i te entreprise i hellishly uaua. I roto i te marama e rima tuatahi i ia ki te tākaro 58 tūranga. Ko tenei ahakoa te meka e i ia kahore wheako, me tūranga e hiahiatia ana i ia ako me te whakaata. whakahaere tonu te Komissarzhevskaya ki te ako i hoa i te rātaka o ngā kitenga o ratou kēmu whakahaere a titiro ki te mahi. I te tahi taime i ia ki te tākaro whakaaturanga e rua he ra, hoki i te po ki te ako i te tūranga. taupupu Afternoon, ahiahi - he kēmu i runga i te atamira. kihai i hoatu e tenei mahi threading haere noa mō te auaha, me te rapu o tona tikanga, engari hoatu te kēmu he pūkenga i runga i atamira, i āwhina ki te whakaemi wheako. Tūnga i tenei wa te aki reira te tino iti, vodevilchiki kau, i hoatu nei i runga i te atamira, me te kore i tia'i i te hohonu o ngā wheako whakaari. Otiia tukinotia ratou Vera ki te kaumatua whakamutunga, penei ia rite ha lēsoni mahu'inga. Ia ia i ki hei koutou kākahu, artist hanga-ake, a tae noa te kaiwhakahaere. Otiia kihai te mahi i haere hia, ka tīmata te faaino ki te whakanui i tona kēmu, i te tuatahi i roto i te kupu torutoru, ka i roto i ngā kōwae katoa. tupu Ko tōna mana me te pūkenga.

Hoki te tau Komissarzhevskaya taea ki te matau i te moka o te whakawhirinaki, kua tahuri tinihanga, ka tīmata ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki atu. Ko reira te mutunga rawa ki te tīmata i te mahi i te tau 29, ka tīmata ki te rere ki te ite. I roto i tenei wa pānui ia he rota o te whakaari nui me moe o tenei mahi. Entreprise kaha ti'aturi i runga reka tūmatanui, me ratou ko rawa papaku, kihai nga Cossacks i hinaaro i te whare matakitaki o whakaata nui, engari faaoaoaraa anake. Ko te whare tapere Sinelnikov, ko wai i i taua wa te pai o tona ahua, ano wā maia ki ngā nui, hei tauira, "Aue i Wit" me "Ngaahi Fua o Māmá".

Hoki te tau o te kaitapere i taea ki te whakaatu atu, engari kihai i tāpiri reira ki tona aroha hoa. Communication ki a ia e kore i te mea ohie, no te mea ko taua mea rawa ohie, me te ki a ratou ano, ka ki ētahi atu. Ko te wa kei runga, engari kihai i whiwhi i te tono Komissarzhevskaya tūmanakohia ki whakawhānui i te kirimana. hoki te kapa bolevshaya Medvedev, ka kite Kisielewski e kore e Vera hiahia ki te noho mō ngā tūranga i roto i te tapere, a ngaro moni i roto i reira, hoa i runga i atamira hae ia, a kihai i matau i te reira. arahina katoa reira ki te meka i a Komissarzhevskaya ki te waiho entreprise Sinelnikov.

tour

nga toni katoa o te Russian Empire i te wa ki te mau tonu to ratou tūranga pūtea ki te mahi ki te Repertory. i torutoru whare pahoho, te nuinga i roto i nga pa nui. Na reira i tino he torutoru huri haere piu. Ka mahue a Novocherkassk, Vera Komissarzhevskaya i te aniraa o te hapori Tiflis toi haere ki a ratou i runga i tour. Here i taea ki te tākaro 12 tūranga, ia i roto i nei te "Tomboy" pukuhohe, "moni nui" me etahi atu. Fakaangá me te iwi whānui attrice pai tango whakamoemiti ara tona papa tona kēmu. Ahakoa te angitu, ko kore te whakapono rawa tae noa ki te mutunga o te hari, tonu ia ki te moemoea o te wāwāhi atu nui. Tenei kore o te whakawhirinaki haukotia e Komissarzhevskaya kitea he wāhi pai. I muri i te haerenga i roto i Tbilisi, ka hoki ia ki a Moscow i te tumanako o te imiraa i te ohipa, engari he wehi ki te haere me te kite ki te pouri pehea te kapa ki tonu, ka waiho i te ti'amâraa, engari tonu te reira, kahore mahi. Na ka pa whakarere manihini Tiflis hoa ia ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te haerenga i roto i Ozerki me Oranienbaum. rerekē tēnei entreprise wāwāhi atu taumaha, i te mea rawa ahuareka ki te Tuí. Tenei ko reira taea ki te tākaro mō te 3 marama 14 tūranga hou i roto i taua whakaari rite "hinana ko Love" Schiller, "Vasilisa Melentyeva" AN Ostrovsky, "steppe hero" IA Salov.

ko te tino kitea e ki te aniraa whakapumautia mahi i te Alexandrinsky Theatre Ko tōna angitu. Ko wehi ano ia o ratou aravihi ore, ua faaoti ki te whakaae i te aniraa i te Repertory Nezlobin i mua. nui atu taumaha nga mea o mua katoa, i roto i nei mahi ia Komissarzhevskaya kua te whakarongo me te wāwāhi o te kapa. Here hoki 2 tau kua kairau a ia 60 tūranga, i roto i nei i reira i kua waimarie papu: Larissa i "Kora" AN Ostrovsky, Sophia i "Aue i Wit" A. Griboyedov, Louise "hinana me Love" Schiller. Here mauruuru ia kēmu te Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Brushtein. I roto i te Nezlobin Komissarzhevskaya tino whakawhanakehia, ka faaite tona taranata whakaari, i whakakahore noa na reira i te tahi mau fakaangá, me tona auahatanga. Otiia e kore ia e whiwhi nui kaiwhakahaere pai, ko wai e taea ki te whakahaere i tona kēmu.

whare tapere Alexandrinsky

I 1896, ko ia te timatanga rawa ki te whakararuraru i ahau, ina tenei wā o te Alexandrinsky Theatre. Ko te tūranga o te kai-pitihana kihai i rite ia, i māharahara ia me whakaaro e pā ana ki te tākaro ki te waiata. i uaua kē tenei katoa mo te kaitapere-tau 32-tau. Ko ia pai te takaro te tākaro tuatahi "Butterfly Boy" a ka tino whakamoemiti e fakaangá. kawea te kaitapere wahine ki te atamira i te kāhua hou o te whare tapere, hanga i roto i te wheako i roto. Hoki e ono nga tau i roto i te Alexandrinsky Komissarzhevskaya takaro ratou tūranga pai, i hanga ia rongonui me te whakapehapeha o te whare tapere Russian: reira Larissa i "Kora", Nina Zarechnaya i "te koekoea", Desdemona i "Othello", Marikka i "Maama ngahuru" Margarita " Faust. " Ko te tākaro "te koekoea" i rawa tino whakatau e Chekhov, ko wai i whakapono noa te mutunga o ona ra e ko te reira i te whakatinanatanga pai o te whakaaro o tona kaituhi. I ia he reta roa ki te kaitapere, a tahi kōrero ratou ara o te whanaketanga o te whare tapere hinengaro Russian. E kore te tākaro "te koekoea" i whakaaetia e te iwi whānui me fakaangá, ko tenei kore he patu nui ki te kaitito me te kaitapere wahine.

I roto i te whare tapere, ka kitea Vera he hoa - te kaiwhakahaere EP Karpov, ki nei kihai i rite-whakaaro ratou, engari ano hoki i hanga to ratou ara ki te atamira hou tahi ki te kitea te ara tika. Na roto i tenei mahi tahi, ka mohio te kaitapere wahine he tūranga kaiwhakahaere te nui i roto i o nga kaitapere te whakarau. Tenei mahi tahi Vera i taea ki te matau ana whakaaro i runga i toi, i arahina ia ki te rapu i te ara hou.

Ko te rapu hoki i te whare tapere hou

minamina a Kareena mo te whare tapere hou, te whakaaro ia kotahi mau e te Stanislavsky me atawhai moemoea o tona ake whare tapere i roto i nei i taea te tino mohio ai. whakaritea Alexandrinsky Theatre runga reira maha rawa here konei i te kaupapa here momo. I roto i ona pukapuka me rātaka tonu i reira he he ara kaupapa, te rapu o te whare tapere hou. Kaitapere whare tapere Komissarzhevskaya hanga ki runga ki psychologism, a Alexandrinsky kua reira kua ui faaiteraa matua waho, i waho toua ki te rire o te wairua o te huru. mana'o ia e te maumauria e koutou wa, e tona mahi i runga i te atamira Imperial arata'i ia wahi. Na reira, i roto i te 1902, ua faaoti ia ki te waiho i te Alexandrinsky. e kore e Money i runga i ona ake whare tapere i reira, a na reira kua ia ki te haere i runga i te haerenga roa, huri haere ia tata katoa i runga i te whenua, mahi i roto i Yalta, Kiev, Siberia, Kharkiv. Otiia ko te wāwāhi i te ngoikore, iti-te kounga aronga. hiahiatia ia he kaiwhakahaere, a kitea ana ia e ia i roto i te tangata o VE Meyerhold.

ake whare tapere

puta mana Drama Theatre Komissarzhevskaya i 1904, e ia atu hanga hoki ia. Ko te kore o te moni ai ki te haere tonu i te reira i runga i tour me te 2, haere ia huri noa te motu, busking, me te tākaro i roto i te mahi tuarua-piha i runga i te kohi tūmatanui. tautooraa hautoa me te awhina o iwi rite-whakaaro i kohia kua i roto i te nui o 70 mano moni, a Komissarzhevskaya hopea tīmata ki te hanga i pahoho Repertory Theatre i St Petersburg. Ko tōna whakaaro - ki te Māoritanga hou toi, "te whare matakitaki o te wairua", mo tenei e hiahiatia ana te reira i te wāwāhi motuhake, me te tira. pānui Komissarzhevskaya he maha nui o whakaari hou, whiriwhiri ia mo tona whare tapere o Ibsen, Chekhov, Gorky. hanga te kapa whakaari ake o te iwi rite-whakaaro te hunga e ngakau nui ana ki te whakaatu i te ao i te tirohanga hou i runga i te whare tapere. I roto i te 1906 whakaae Meyrehold ki te mahi i roto i te whare tapere, e ia 13 mahi, i roto ia ratou te putanga auaha o te tākaro "Hedda Gabler," "Tamapua- Louhi◊inimá Whakaatu", "Ko te ora o te tangata." Ko te hononga i waenganui i te kaitapere wahine me e hanga e te kaiwhakahaere he tino uaua, mo te katoa flops ki mahi arata'i ki te whaturama. Drama Theatre Komissarzhevskaya ambiguously e te whakarongo i konei enei take he puta. Otiia ko reira te hua maori o nga mahi hou o te kamupene. Te mahi i roto i tona whare tapere, i ki te kanohi pōhēhētanga, tinihanga, ki te rahunga, engari ano ki te angitu nui Vera.

tūranga pai

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, te tūranga o e he tauira o te kura hinengaro tonu, i roto i tona tino pokea ana takaro te rota o ngingila, pūāhua auaha. Ko te tino pai mo te whakatutukitanga o wawetia hoki a Chekhov tona kāhua o te tākaro. Na, reira Sonya i "Uncle Vanya," Sasa o "Ivanov" me Nina Zarechnaya i roto i "te koekoea" ko he tikanga mohio o fifi āhua. Komissarzhevskaya mahino loto o te kaituhi, ua ia tona whakaaro toi. A ahakoa te meka e kore maha kaimätakitaki i manako he tikanga pera, te kaitito ia whakaaro reira te tikanga pai.

Ko hoki reira tetahi o nga tūranga tino ngā ia Komissarzhevskaya Larissa i "Kora" e A. Ostrovsky, Natasha Bobrova i "Tales Magic" Potapenko, Nora i "Whare o te Doll" e Ibsen, Varvara i "noho raumati" o Gorky. I roto i nga ara, ka kitea e ia tana ake tikanga, i taea e ia te kite i te witi o te tūranga, me te kawe i nga mana'o hohonu o te huru.

Oto i roto i te whare tapere

I roto i 1908, te Drama Theatre, mohiotia kua rite Komissarzhevskaya Theatre (St. Petersburg), hanga he haerenga i roto i te US, te wahi whiwhi Vera arotake tino ve'a. Kei te karanga a te reira i tetahi o nga toni rahi o te rau tau 20. Ko te Komissarzhevskaya ite oto kawa o tona whare tapere. Mahi ki symbolist Meyerhold attrice patua i roto i te mura, e kore ia i ite tona taranata ui. kite whakapono e te mahere tata kore mohio i roto i te mahi, e kore e matau nga kaitapere, me nga kaiwhakahaere ia atu, pohehe expressive te whakaaro o te whare tapere hou. Ia tākaro hou Komissarzhevskaya titiro te kore. I roto i te 1909, e te reira te whakatau tino uaua ki te waiho i te whare tapere.

tumanako hou

Komissarzhevskaya kaitapere wahine taranata maere, moe o te ataahua, whakaari hinengaro, ua ite ahau e nga kaitapere, kawea ake i roto i nga whakarerenga iho tawhito, e kore e taea e koutou tetahi mea. Na i ia te whakaaro ki te whakatuwhera i te kura whakaari ki te whakaako i te kaitapere o te hanganga hou. whakaritea ia ki mahara te mau haapiiraa o tona papa, ko wai i he kaiako pai, me te wheako tapere o Stanislavsky, e hanga tona pūnaha o kēmu toi. hiahia ia ki te whakaako ahau ki te faaite riro ona wheako ki taua uaua, ka fakaafe'i hoki ratou hoa o kaiwhakaari rongonui me kaiwhakahaere, rite ia hiahia ki te karanga A. White, D. Merezhkovsky, V. Ivanova ki te whakaako kaupapa, whakawhänui Horizons. Faauruhia e te whakaaro hou me te tumanako, ka tono tangata Komissarzhevskaya ki te haerenga whakamutunga o Siberia i roto i to ratou oraraa.

tūmataiti

Vera Komissarzhevskaya, he pera poto haurongo, me te pera tonu te whare tapere, kore rawa i kaha ki te marena te rua o te wa. nui rawa o te patu ki tana tahu tuatahi, Vladimirom Muravevym. Otiia i roto i te 1887, i roto i te maimoatanga i Lipetsk, tutaki ia ki a Sergei Ziloti, he rangatira, he tangata tino mātauranga, aroha o te tuhinga, me te whare tapere. I waenganui tāpiri ratou ake whanaunga rawa mahana, Sergei noa hopoi whakapono ki te whenua o ona matua, a ka he te wahine marena hou rite. I roto i tenei whare i nga wa katoa Komissarzhevskaya rawa mahana, he hāneanea hoki. tona ora katoa i ia hoa ki te whānau katoa maha Ziloti tae mai ratou Znamenka. Otiia marena Sergei kihai i haere mai i roto i.

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, nei whaiaro ora i whakaari, he rota o te wā me te kaha ki ngā wheako i runga i te atamira me i he nui hoki ia. korerotia to'utangata i e ko ia i roto i te aroha ki a Chekhov, engari kore rawa i kaha ki te korero tenei ia. Ahakoa ko reira taea e ko ia i roto i te aroha ki a ia kaitapere wahine taranata, e kore te wahine. i ia he torutoru pūrākau ki te kaiwhakahaere EP Karpov, te taitama kaiwhakaari NP Roshchin-Insarov, me te SS takawaenga Tatishchev, he punake Bryusov, engari kahore o ratou i tahuri ki te marena, no te mea noho tonu te mea matua i roto i tona ora i te whare tapere.

tiaki

Tour o Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti nui Komissarzhevskaya ngenge, amuamu ia ki te tākuta mō te mamae i roto i te taringa. e kore e whakaaetia ēnei mana'o ki moe, ko ia ite kino nga ra. Karangatia ki a ia tākuta te whakaaro ia maimoatanga anake - craniotomy. kihai i ahuatanga tika, a ka i te reira i roto i Tashkent, hinga e rave rahi kaiwhakaari o te kapa kino ki koroputaputa, roroku hoki te āhua o Vera Feodorovna, tahuri reira i roto i taua ia, rawa, koroputaputa. i fuu tona mamae, 27 Kohitātea ngaro ia mahara. hipoki tona tinana tuwhenua, anake kaha te mamae. I roto i te waenganui-February, i te kaitapere wahine he AP Chekhov, i titiro ia reira rite he tohu pai. Ko kua tupuheke te huru tino i roto i te torutoru ra, i runga i te Hui-tanguru 23 haere mai te pāpāngia o te ngakau, a ka mate nui Komissarzhevskaya. E ai ki a ia e pai i roto i te haora tuatahi i muri i whakangaromia ona reta mate me rātaka i roto o tona waka huia. ka korerotia e ia ki ahau ki te tanu ia ia ki te hipoki tona mata, na e kore i kite i te iwi reira rite te mate i ahua ke. Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna (1864-1910) i tanumia i te Tikhvin Cemetery i Saint Petersburg.

pūmahara

ka tiaki attrice rahi he ru tūturu mō te Russia i muri anake i te mate o te ohorere te kitenga i te uara whakaponohia o tona tikanga toi, me te nui o te taranata. Memory Komissarzhevskaya tonu puritia whenua te kāinga te. Theatre Komissarzhevskaya (Novocherkassk) whakapehapeha manatu nga ra ka reira whiti tenei kaitapere wahine. I tua atu i te whare tapere i roto i Ussuriysk. Ko te wāhi o tona ora - Drama Komissarzhevskaya Theatre i St Petersburg. Kei te mohiotia e ia puta noa i te ao. Street Komissarzhevskaya reira i roto i Tyumen, Donetsk ko Voronezh. horo tona whakapakoko i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rotarota e Alexander poraka me Bryusov. Kua faauruhia tona taranata te hanganga o te waiata, na i tuhituhi Knaifel A. he wahi mo string mea "Tuí", i tuhituhi P. Gapon Waltz tona mahara "aho pakaru." Tona ora, me te mahi o whakatapua kiriata whakamiharo "ahau - he kaitapere," Viktor Sokolov. Tūnga o te faaroo i mahi te au atriz Natalia Saiko. E kore te kaiwhakahaere i hiahia ki te tango i te pikitia wā, whiriwhiria ana e ia he tikanga auaha - kua hanga he kiriata o motuhake, wāhanga whakaaro auauhia e heheu mai i te āhuatanga rerekē o te āhua hohonu o te kaitapere wahine. E whakaatu ana te kiriata te ati o te ora, i roto i nei te utu o te taranata ko oaoa marino, me te whaiaro.