Ko te hītori o te pānuitanga i roto i Russia

i roto i te ao o te pānuitanga puta reira tata tukutahi ki te putanga o te hokohoko, i ko tetahi o nga tohu tuatahi o te hapori ritenga. Ko te tauira matamua o te pānuitanga kua tae e to tatou wa, kua whakaaro ki te waiho i te wahi o te kakaho Ihipiana, e ai ta nei tuku pai mo te hoko o pononga. Mai i pānuitanga kakaho tīmata te kōrero o te putanga o te pānuitanga. I roto i te Roma i tahito me Kariki onamata, whakamahia pānuitanga e kua whaowhao runga parahi, me te wheua mau api ranei pania i runga i nga papa rakau.

tīmata te hītori o te pānuitanga i roto i Russia ki te tenetere X-XI. I taua wa, timata kaihokohoko Russian ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga i roto i te tikanga ki te hoko pai ratou hua. I aua ra, whakaaro te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko te noa embellishment tino 'ulungaanga o taonga hokona, āta mamingatia kiritaki. Ko te tikanga nui rawa mō i utu te kaikaranga,, e haere nga ara o toa haere a reo whakamoemiti te toa, ka hokona ratou taonga.

māngai tino kanapa o te kupu a te mangai pānuitanga o aua tau i peddlers, e ara ka ki te pakiwaitara. takaro peddlers limericks, purakau, rotarota, e he ngahau me te ngāwari ki te matau ahua o pānui ratou taonga iti (miro, rīpene, pohewa, heru, korowhio, monamona, te faraoa, keke), me te hohoro ratou hokona atu. tuhia hoki te hītori o te pānuitanga i roto i Russia te takoha faufaa ki te whanaketanga o ratou pikitia rongonui cheap. Kua whakahuatia ratou hoki te wa tuatahi i roto i te rau tau XVII, ka whakapaipai taua papa whakangahau ruma kingi. E tirohia ana ēnei pikitia aroha Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Neke atu i te wa, ka anga nga pikitia ki te puta tohu, e noa, me te mārama maheni ki ngā mōhiohio rerekē ngā kaupapa ranei. hanga katoa o tenei i roto i te tino oraora me colorfully. Maoro kiri i ki kia kitea i roto i te whare emepaea kore anake, engari i roto i mau utuafare e rave rahi. Ko te whakahörapatanga o cheap whakapakoko rongonui u me te mōhiohio whakatairanga. A, no te timata Russia ki te riro hokohoko torohaki i roto i taonga ke, kua riro kiri hua ke Whānui me huatau.

Kua i te timatanga o te rau tau XVIII, whakaputaina i raro i Pita e ahau «Vedomosti» tīmata teiti pānuitanga tā. Kua riro te hītori o te pānuitanga i roto i Russia hikitia atu ina kua i roto i te rau tau XIX tīmata te whānui o ngā pānuitanga tohanga i roto i te press. I te wa ano, i roto i te maha pa Russian timata ki te whakatū tepu a tawhio runga i whakapiria ngā whārangi pānuitanga. Ko te taua pepa Katahi runga Ruxmaniben me com. Matau i te tomokanga o ngā toa, me te tahi atu ngä taea riro i te ringa o tamariki kakama rārangi utu whakatairanga me ngā maramataka. Whanaketanga o te rongoā i tenei wa arahina hoki ki te hiahia mo te te mōhiotanga whānui o te iwi whānui ki te taea o te raau taero arai hou.

hanga te hītori o te whanaketanga o te pānuitanga i roto i Russia kua akauroa nui mai kua arahina te putanga o tikanga hou, me ngā puka o pānuitanga ki te putanga o motuhake pānuitanga pokapū, tari, me te bureaus. Faufaa tahuri te hītori o te pānuitanga i roto i Russia i muri i te Oketopa Revolution o 1917 tau. Kua tino Advertising kua tokoiti te te āhua tuatahi tikanga o te mana Soviet. whakamahi o te pānuitanga i riria mai ki te hoko taonga, ko ia pono tōrangapū.

Hoki o pānuitanga ki tona ūnga ko anake i roto i te nép. Ka taea te i titiro te tauira a Tūrongo, o nga whika pānuitanga o taua wā rite V. V. Mayakovskogo, nana nei i homai te mea he rota tona taranata o. Kua tonu ngā Ko tōna faaiteraa kanapa, me te wana o te aro o kaihoko ki te hua ngā. Ko hapori Soviet āta taunga te whai wāhitanga pānuitanga ahurei ki te whakaritenga o te pūnaha ngā i roto i te whenua. Ahakoa i muri ko ake te whakataki o ōhanga mākete te whenua o me te parariraa o te momo-pāpori o te pānuitanga whakahaere i roto i Russia ki tona whakaaro pono - ki te whakaako i te whānuitanga o kiritaki ki mau huru nui o nga taonga ratonga ranei.