Ko te French Māmá

Mātauranga (kura o whakaaro i 17-18 tau) e hāngai ana i runga i te whakapono e i roto i te matauranga o te tikanga tūturu, e hāngai ana ki te tūturu āhua o te hapori, me te tangata, nui te take tūranga whakatakotoria, me te pūtaiao. whakaaro take o te mate tangata maama'anga i fakalotu whiwhita, kuware me obscurantism. Ka rite ki te ātete ki te tikanga feudal-absolutist, ko ratou i roto i te manakohia o taurite ā, me te haere noa tōrangapū.

riro te mātauranga French tona faaiteraa maramarama i roto i te tau 1715-1789, a kahore i te tupono noa i huaina tenei wā ko "Age o Māmá» (siècle des lumières). kawea te reira i huihuia māngai o te ahu whakamua-whakaaro toi, pūtaiao, philosopho, rōia me ētahi atu.

French Māmá o te rau tau 18 i hanga he ariā hou o te hononga i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te tangata i runga i te kaupapa matua, me nga tohu whenua matua o te takitahi marama hou, tona fatongia matatika rite te kaimau o te mana nui rawa - te hinengaro.

I roto i te rau tau 18 i roto i France, me te whanaketanga o whanaunga bourgeois, me te whakapakari i hokohoko feudalism ka he o tuaukiuki, whakaaturia te anake i roto i te hanganga pāpori-whenua o te hapori. Bourgeois, pērā ratou matua, i whakapono ai he taea te whakatinanatanga o ngā rerekētanga mō te pai anake i roto i te whakamahi o taua mehua kaha rite mātauranga - te rironga o te matauranga, te mātauranga, e tika takoto te whakaaro, me te atawhai i te whakatoihara.

Te mātauranga French ko te hui tino nui i roto i Europe. Ki ko tona take kaitautoko tūranga teitei o te whakapono, ātete ratou te absolutism o te hahi, mo te haere noa o te whakaaro me te auahatanga toi. I roto i tenei wā, kaha i hanga mahara o te bourgeoisie.

Tīmata ki te-doma 30-40. rau tau 18, ka anga te poipoi tuatahi o mātauranga rerehua kaupapa me ngā tautohetohe taumauri ki te whiwhi ru nui, me te arotahi. ka anga ki te whakaatu i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi o te toi e whakarato kai mō kōrero wera i 1757 ki te Salon auau i roto i Paris.

Ko te rapunga whakaaro o te French Māmá, korero maha i roto i te puka tuhituhi ngingila, kitea e tona takotoranga pāpori, me te anti-karaka tuwhena.

"Patereareha" o te mātauranga i roto i France e whakaaro ki te waiho i te Wīwī Māmá, Voltaire ko Montesquieu, e whakatakotoria ona turanga taea noatia te mutunga o te 40s. Ko ratou ona kau taki, hoatu na te atamira he whakatupuranga hou. kihai i Montesquieu faataahia kia kite i tona tino pokea ana (60-70.), Heoi, Voltaire i aua tau fiefia faatura nui, me te rongonui.

Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Holbach, Diderot, Helvetius, d'Alembert - he tangata nui i taea ki te hanga i te whakaaro rahi e enei - ki te hanga i te maha-rōrahi "Encyclopedia", e te whakakotahi nga mahi o te mātauranga o tangata, whakatairanga o te pūtaiao, karakia mahi auaha. Encyclopedic, pera i huaina e ratou te Māmá, koi whakahē te tikanga tōrangapū, karakia, whakaaro tawhito i runga i te hapori, me te āhua. Te kore witi tino nui kouma roto i roto i to ratou mau haapiiraa, hohore kore e liberalism ranei te manapori ranei hapori o te rau tau 19.

whakaaro Mātauranga te ki te waiho i te ahua o te utopia tangata ki te ihirangi tūturu kaha. Ko ïa mātauranga French te utopia nui tangata. Ko tōna āhuatanga taketake o te kaupapa me te ako he utopian me halá. kihai i maama'anga Talafungani nga take, tikanga me nunu'a o ona mahi, i te mea he aha hoatu e ratou te, whāinga nui, engari te mutunga pakeke unachievable.

tauira mātauranga Classicism fakahu'unga tona mana āhua, me te motuhake o te pai-mohiotia, Heoi, e meinga nga parau tumu o tona tauira French te mehua, te paearu o tetahi atu rite IG Petritskaya. Ko te French Māmá ko te faaiteraa whānui o katoa i te mea tūturu i roto i tenei tukanga hei āhuatanga o te ahurea ao.