He āhuatanga hoki ki te rōpū o kararehe multicellular, e no ki te momo o Cnidarians, Cnidaria ranei āhuatanga ngā. Cnidarians i te hanganga ohie, engari riro enei kopa, te kōhao intestinal. Ko tētahi o nga ingoa rōpū ōpaki - coelenterates. wāhi nui i roto i te tinana te mahi pūtau stinging (knidotsity, nematotsity). mahi ratou ki te whawhai ki parakete me te tiakina ki hoariri.
He aha kaiao kua knidotsitami?
Cnidarians - moana me kararehe wai ora i roto i tata ahopae katoa. Radially cnidarians hangarite tinana e tetahi o e rua momo o te tinana - polypoid Medusoid ranei. He tino rerekē i roto i te ahua Māngai o te momo tuatahi, he nui ake ano he tipu etahi. I roto i te kāwai kakaru me raro kōhao-waha. Ka rite ki te tikanga, rewa noa enei coelenterates, engari e rua ngā o te tinana kē i roto i te rerekē whakatupuranga. pūtau stinging i tata katoa cnidarians, kua tū ratou i runga i te kāwai. Wai māori cnidarian iti iho i te moana. He roto i enei rauropi mokemoke me te koroni.
momo Cnidarians ngā te akomanga e whai ake nei o te kararehe:
- hydroid (Hydrozoa);
- scyphoids (Scyphozoa);
- rupi (Anthozoa);
- kakaru (Cubozoa);
- Polypodium Hydriforme (Polypodiozoa).
Kia pehea te e i mataora pūtau?
Iritihia i te kupu «cnidos» Kariki tikanga "Ongaonga", e pā nei te ki te aroaro i roto i te uhi o waho o nga capsules kararehe ki tonu i te ngaro paitini. Tikanga, arotahi te pūtau stinging i roto i te kāwai o cnidarians me rite rawa ki cilium tairongo. knidotsita roto ko te putea iti a whakataka atu ana he ngongo iti - miro i mataora. rite te koru puna ki te rāti titiro te reira. wāhi nui i roto i te faaitoitoraa o ngā pūtau no tahunga o katote konupūmā, te huringa kukū, me te pēhanga inu i roto i te capsule. Me kï reira e kore cnidarians urupare ki akiaki waho katoa, kia rite ki te kore ki te ururua pūtau i mataora. I te tinana o te kararehe e hopearaa io receptors e tauturu i kitea huringa i roto i te taiao ranei.
He aha te mea te mahi o ngā pūtau stinging?
whakapā Iti ki te hoariri production ranei, huringa i roto i te pēhanga wai i te ahanoa neke taea arahi ki te whakaongaonga o makawe tairongo. Knidotsity taea ki te tauhohe ki te matū pūmua hoki. Ko te mea e tupu, no te whai wāhi ki ngā pūtau stinging:
- Whakatuwheratia pōtae i runga i runga, anga te taiao.
- tika miro stinging te me ki koi titaha i te raro titi i roto i te tinana o te patunga.
- Cnidocyte koropiko ranei Katahi ki te hanga.
- ware ngau huna ana ai pāpāngia ranei tahu.
- Mahi patua tona mahi, knidotsity me whakakapi i muri i te 48 haora te whakawhanake mea hou.
Nā ki te kukū tiketike, me te knidotsitov mahi ruruku i runga i te kāwai, coelenterates kararehe patu te konihi taonga pea ranei. pararaiha Neurotoxins roto capsules i mataora pūtau taonga parau, me meinga weranga iti i te rauropi nui.
whaia Cnidarians kararehe?
I roto i ngā whakapumautia e tuwhā cnidocyte "rāti" paihana me i roto i te 3 hākonamano i muri i te whakapā ki ētahi atu kararehe. e kore analogues i roto i te mohoao Uira pūtau whakautu. Tona tere me te kaha ki i tukua te miro te stinging nui ki tomo te anga pakeke o etahi waimāori! Meiha māngai o coelenterates patu i ika me pāpaka moke. Ko hoki te nuinga o cnidarians pūtake kai he kaiao iti rite köurarangi me benthos. Me kï reira e kore maha coelenterates e whakaora i konihi, ara i mataora pūtau. Ki te taua patu paoro i roto i te kāwai, ano hei ratou te ahanoa o hopu i ētahi atu kararehe.
Me pēhea te ki te kai "puawai" o te ao kararehe?
Rupi hanga koroni i roto i nga moana, me ngā moana. Anemones anemones moana ranei ora kotahi, āpiti anake ki toka, anga, toka me ākau. Kāwai me mangai o polyps, e no ki te piha Anthozoa, te tikanga kitea i te tihi, kei te piri te wahi raro ki te tïpako. mangai humenga karapotia e kāwai, e he knidotsity. Taumahi i mataora pūtau o humenga moana he whawhai i runga i te keri me te korero ki hoariri. Ka taea e Anemones pararaiha me tetahi tahu miro kararehe iti. totoro ētahi cnidarians kāwai, i te mea e tika ana mō te āhua sedentary.
Ko te raruraru o te hanga kai solves hoki te mahi rawa nohopuku o neurotoxins i mataora pūtau. Ki runga ki whakapā taea, immobilize ratou te taonga, me te ki pei te whakaeke o konihi.
Hea kararehe ora hydroid?
E kitea ngā māngai piha Hydrozoa i te wai hou, nga wai o Antarctica, peihana moana hohonu. No ki tenei rōpū hydra limnomedusae, siphonophores, atu subclasses me ngā rōpū. Ko te nuinga o ratou - kaitukituki e hopu mā te whakamahi i knidotsitov. Cnidarian pūtau stinging no ki te hydroids he nui ngā rerekētanga i roto i te rahi me te kaha o te te wai. He he he wehenga o ngā mahi i waenganui i ngā rōpū o ngā kaiao i te koroni o polyps: kotahi whangai, te atu tiakina, ētahi e whakamahia mō te whakawhānau. Ētahi kakaru tiki kai ratou, e tere i roto i te wai ki te kawekawe whakaritea, e whiwhi köurarangi, i mātātoa kauhoe etahi i roto i te rapu o te kai. He coelenterates e E taea ki te hopu mō taonga, e receptors āwhiwhitanga tohu i runga i te mata o te tinana.
Mahi knidotsity stsifo- me kakaru e mōrearea?
Ngā āhuatanga o te kararehe no ki te ngā Scyphozoa piha i 12 mm ki 2.4 m te whānui. Ahakoa i roto i te puka nui kahore koiwi, upoko, whekau romahā. He māngai angamaheni o tenei rōpū - translucent Aurelia i ngakia - iti paitini i te tahi atu kakaru. whangai i te pakeke i runga i köurarangi e haapa'o ki te kāwai. Stsifomeduzy i maha knidotsitov me receptors e karapoti ana i te mangai, me te kāwai. Ratou whakaaro matua - ki te tāutu me te pararaiha taonga.
Whakamate hoki kararehe iti he pūtau stinging Rapa cyano (Cyanea arctica). A ka i roto i te whakapā ki te tangata weranga take knidotsity o rerekē pakeke. Nuinga o ngā wā i reira he he ponana, me te whero i te rongo ki tāoke e tomo te kiri. Kakaru - nga tangata o nga wai mahana o te moana, me ngā moana - he taea ki te neke hohoro. He kino ki te tangata etahi o ratou: riro ngiha rite ki te hua o tenei "kōrero", ka taea e arahi ki te mate.
Coelenterates me te iwi
Ko te raruraru o te tangata hononga ki kararehe, e no ki te momo o Cnidarians, he reira rawa kanorau. He maha maha me pā o te takutai hararei i te moana maheni ki ngā āhuatanga coelenterates stinging. pūtau stinging āhuatanga o te kakaru tere i roto i te tīwae wai. Ahakoa whakapā iti ki tokomaha o ratou e taea e arahi ki āhua mate, weranga, ritenga kiri. Hei oaoa i ruku snorkeling ranei, e anake koe ū ki te tikanga, e na ô e whai ake: ". Titiro, engari e kore e pa ki" whakaaro te rongoa pai mo te weranga kawekawe o kakaru te ki hei wai wera, ka kōpeke matao, me te fariiraa o taero antihistamine. Ko tētahi o nga raruraru uaua o ngā taunekeneke o te taupori, me ko te wheo coelenterates tangohanga mo te hanga o te whakapaipai, taonga. I roto i nga tau tata nei, pūtaiao mahunga polyps mate - te kaihanga o nga hanganga raro taonga, me te matatini. hanga ana e ratou he noho hoki ratou e kore anake engari ano mo te tahi atu hātaretare me ika. pūkawa wheo i roto i te moana mahana me moana huri noa i te ao e ite pānga tino o te huringa āhuarangi, salinity me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te wai.
tupu rawa āta Koroni o polyps, te whakanui ake i te torutoru noa mitamano ia tau. Te kore ngā hanganga wheo he mea fifi ia feruri i te ao raro e te pera ngā e tona ataahua ahurei, me te ātahu.