Kharkov wheketere pahikara - hītori, ngā hua, me ngā meka ngā

whakaturia Kharkov pahikara wheketere i e kaihokohoko Russian e pā ana ki 130 nga tau ki muri. I mua i te revolution, ka karanga nga paihikara wheketere i "Russian", hokona tari hōia mo te ope, me te kamupene ki te whakauru hangarau matatau, whai ki te nui ritenga Pākehā e muri i te maha ngā take. I roto i ngā wā Soviet, te moemoea o pahikara katoa i te waitohu pasikala "Ukraine". I teie mahana hua te tipu tauira paihikara hou.

Riga hou

mea putake Kharkov pahikara wheketere i nga wa o Tsarist Russia. I roto i te 1889, ka whakatuwheratia e te Russian kaihokohoko A. A. Leytner he wheketere iti mo te hanga o te hou, tere ka he hangarau huatau i roto i te Riga - te pahikara. I te tīmatanga, ngā te tokotoko o toru anake kaimahi me te rangatira ia, tuku atu paihikara "pūngāwerewere" momo. Āta, kua whakawhanakehia te hanga. takoto kaiaka o Leitner i te meka e rite te kaipakihi pono, i rapu ia ki te whakarato i te kaihoko ki nga hua pai, ka mohio ia he rota e pā ana ki reira.

ko Alexander Leitner he tangata ki 'ulungaanga nui o te kaipakihi, me te matauranga kaipūkaha hoahoa. Ka rite ki te mema o te pahikara hapori Poari o Riga, tae mai ia whakaaturanga i roto i te whenua rerekē o te ao, me te whai i te mea hou i roto i te mākete pahikara. Fashion whiwhi whakauka mo te momo hou o te waka: ki te whakakapi i te cumbersome "pūngāwerewere" ka haere mai te momo tauira "Safed". Hoki te wa roa, e tohaina hua anake i roto i te torutoru kawanatanga, pātata ki te hanga, kua nei kua i tona ake ingoa - "Russian".

I roto i te 1896, e te wheketere wahi i roto i katoa-Russian Exhibition i tangohia e wahi i roto i Nizhny Novgorod. Tu ki hua Leitner, arā, o ma rua tauira o pahikara, ko te angitu tangi tiori. I tenei wāhi, kua tukua te hanga 15 ngā taitara o ara, me te racing paihikara. riro Mr. Leitner he mētara i te whakaaturanga, i ko te tohu o te āhukahuka, ka awhinatia ki te kawe hua ki te taumata motu.

kia hōia

Na roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 te wheketere "Russia" puta kotiro, tangata, ara, taraka, tamariki, pereo taupiri. Kei te whānuitanga katoa o neke atu i te 20 tauira. i manapori kaupapa here utu no te mea te utu te pahikara na'ina'i 130 moni, i tata tauira maha-nohoanga ki te kia utu a tawhio noa 450 moni. Leitner ia whakaurua kaupapa i roto i te hoki o te hoahoa ringaringa, a arai i te tenenga, kua nei kua tino angitu, whakarato pereo kāinga painga whakataetae tiketike i roto i te mākete ao.

Ko te tairongo ki hou tari Military Tsarist Russia, a i roto i 1913 riro te wheketere he tikanga ki te whakaputa i 1 mano tangata huarahi pahikara. Taua whakahau i whakaarahia te kamupene whakatauranga ki te taumata teitei, i pāngia pai te nui o te whakahau wheketere toe. Kua tae rerekē haere ā-tau o te kamupene 400 mano moni, a ka mea ahua putanga o 8000 wae ia tau.

Mai i Riga ki Kharkov

I roto i 1915, i te aho mua haere tata Riga, e hiahiatia ana te hōneatanga o hinonga o faufaa rautaki. Hōngongoi 24, 1915, i whakawhitia whakaurunga hanga katoa ki Kharkov, i roto i nga whare o te wheketere o mua Gelferiks Pouri. I te wāhi hou i roto i 1916, tīmata te kamupene hanga o te hōia mea whakakopa pahikara "tauira toa whawhai." E ai ki te kamupene i hainatia te kirimana ki te kaipuke tari hōia 3000 pahikara hōia.

Tae noa Whiringa 1917 tonoa te wheketere Leitner ki te mua 3,600 tauira whawhai. I roto i te aamu katoa o te oraraa o te raina production hua neke atu i te 100,000 pereoo taataahi, whakawhanakehia neke atu i te 60 tauira. Ko nga rawa o te hītori mua-orurehau o te kamupene ko hanga o te huira tuatahi, Tricycles me te torutoru momo o waka.

i muri i te revolution

I muri hiahiatia te revolution me te whenua whawhai pahuatia waka. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, te pahikara - tino tika i roto i te tikanga katoa. Na roto i te timatanga o te Ao Tuatahi i roto i Russia, i reira nga rua kaihanga pahikara nui - Moscow wheketere "tauira toa", i roto i whakawhanake anōtia te whawhai ki te whakaputa i rererangi, me te wheketere Leitner, tupato whakatahia ki Kharkov. I roto i ngā wā i mua-orurehau i puta ai e pā ana ki 25,000 paihikara he tau i roto i Russia.

I roto i te tau 1923 i te pahikara wheketere Kharkov, inaianei kua he Leitner ingoa, ki te uaua nui, tukua he torutoru mano noa waka ia tau. Kua whakaritea e te rangatira o te pa ki te arotau hanga kaha, me te whakarite i pahikara State Plant ingoa i muri i GI Petrovsky. Hei wāhanga o te ao hou, o te hanga ngā wāhanga o te mana i whakawhitia ki te whakato hou, i haere mai ake he peka o te rerewhenua. Ko te rohe katoa e hipokina neke atu i te 3 heketea.

Na roto i te timatanga o te faaho'iraa mai o te tipu i roto i te āhua i pā ana ki 50 kaimahi mātanga, nei i te taonga o te wheako mahi. te hanganga taketake o ngā kaiako i hanga e o ratou, rangatira, me te hunga e tohutohu nei i ki te whakaako tīmata mahi i runga i te taputapu-paerewa-auau kore. I te tau 1924 oti te pahikara wheketere Kharkov te hanga tau o neke atu i te 1 mano pereo.

Hua i roto i te reiti production

He he he kupu - "Ko te whaea o te tenenga, Te titauraa" nei tino kitea e te haamauraa i roto i te ora tūturu. I roto i te whenua pahuatia kihai i whai i tetahi oko mo te take pereoo taataahi, engari i reira e maha tipu ki te taonga nga Ropu. Na roto i te whakaata ohie me urutaunga ka anga ariki whakato ki te whakamahi i Ingarihi hei utu o papa tihi Cossack, i haupu ai i runga i te rohe o te tipu tata mai te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

Na roto i te 1926, kua whakapumautia te hoko o ngā wāhanga ke-hanga. Mai i tukua Ingarangi maitai korere te koti, mekameka pahikara, whitiki awhi matao, matū me kai. Wāhanga o te rauemi e hiahiatia ana kawemai i Germany.

He nui rawaka o ngā rauemi tiketike-kōeke me te hanga huringa whakaaetia ki te tuku i te pahikara mōhiohio tuatahi o tona production ake, ko "Ukraine". Tae noa 1927 Kua tukuna te pahikara wheketere Kharkov i runga i te taputapu tawhito tata 12 mano pereoo taataahi o tenei tauira.

hōneatanga

i ngohengohe ki te ao hōu Kharkov pahikara wheketere i 1929, i hanga reira taea ki te rangatira te hanga o ake tauira, me te whakapiki ake i te putanga ā-tau o ngā hua oti. Tae noa 1941, whakaputaina te kamupene e pā ana ki te 1 miriona paihikara. Mai te timatanga o whawhai tipu hohoro whakatahia ki Bukhara, kua wahi hoki e rave rahi wiki kua whakahokia production huringa, e arotahi ana ki te putanga mo te mua.

Ki te huringa uruhi o te āhuatanga i te mua ka reira mārama e te hoki mai pahikara Kharkov whakato ki te Ukraine. I roto i te hinga o 1944 ka anga reira te tukanga o anō-hōneatanga, rite wawe rite wawe te tau i muri mai, te hangarau production kamupene re-whakapumautia mō ngā take hōia. I roto i te Pipiri 1945, tīmata te tipu o ngā hua haukāinga, - paihikara.

whakaora

Ko te tau pou-pakanga kawea te whanaketanga tere kamupene. Products o te pahikara wheketere Kharkov i roto i tono katoa i runga i te USSR. I te 1948 i whakatakotoria te raina mo te hanga o te wahine a me tauira o ngā tamariki. I tauira hou o nga kaimahi o te pokapū hoahoa o te tipu: Engineers pūmanawa me tikanga. E ai ki ngā mahere, te whakato ki te mutunga o te wā i ki te whakaputa i 350,000 wae ia tau.

tupu te kamupene, kua puta toa hou, nui haere ngā kaimahi. I runga i te whanaketanga o te te hanga i roto i te tau 1948 kua te kamupene kua tohaina e toru miriona moni. i whakahaua wāhanga o tenei moni ki te hanga o te whare mō ngā kaimahi. Ko te kamupene mahi i roto i te toru rerekē. I te tau 1949 i whakawhanakehia he tauira pasikala hākinakina B-31 i te tere i taua, muri ake ki te rua tere.

Bicycles Kharkov pahikara wheketere i te tau 1950, ka mau ia wahi i roto i ngā whakataetae o te ao, e kore whai ki nga āhuatanga hangarau me te kounga o te analogues ke. I roto i te tau 1948 ka timata te roha o ngā wāhi production me te anō o te kamupene. Ko te production-mahere i runga o te taputapu e tika ana ki te 10.340 wae.

utua nui aro i ki te ao pāpori. Āpiti atu ki te roha o te wāhi wheketere ki te hanga whare, whakaurunga pāpori - wharekai, ngā pokapū hākinakina, whare pukapuka, kua tīmata karapu o ngā tamariki ki te mahi auaha me te hākinakina karapu.

Whakatika me te hanganga

I roto i te waenganui-fitungofulú ki te whakato hua te whānuitanga whanui o ngā hua, tae atu ki ngā hākinakina, ngā tamariki, haere, me ētahi atu tauira. tae te putanga katoa 800 mano paihikara i te tau. HVZ ko te kamupene motuhake anake i roto i te whenua te wahi i whawhai te take legkodorozhnyh me hākinakina pereoo taataahi o te piha haapiiraa tiketike, me te kounga.

I roto i 1979, i roto i te wa mo te Games Olympic i Moscow, i te pahikara wheketere Kharkov whakawhanakehia matou he tauira ahurei mo aua tau o paihikara hākinakina - "Moscow-80" me te NW "huarahi Champion". E hanga hākinakina anga pahikara o muka waro me whai he otinga hoahoa auaha. Kia aroha mai, kihai i tino rite mo te Olympics nga tauira, a kua kahore i whakawhanakehia te kaupapa.

I roto i 1983, te raina whakaminenga o te Kharkiv Motovelo haere motokā 23-te milioniraa. kawea mai te timatanga o te nineties i ao katoa o te hanga i te whati-ake o whanaunga ōhanga me te heke i roto i te putanga. i tino takahi HVZ huru pūtea. I roto i te 1991, kua riro te CHPTF kamupene "UCI" he pānga nui o te pahikara wheketere Kharkov.

Mai 2001, hanga te kaha production ake, whänui raina o tauira pahikara. hua wāhanga o te hanga kei raro i te "wai" waitohu. I teie mahana, te kamupene mahia whatunga kaihoko i roto i Ukraine, me i Russia.

hua

Bicycles HVZ (Kharkov pahikara wheketere) fiefia rongonui nui puta noa i te Soviet Union. Kua riro maha tauira rongonui, rongonui hoki te kounga me te noho pai o te hanga. Boys puta noa i te whenua ako ki te eke me te mapulei pūkenga engineering ki pahikara "Ukraine".

Ko te tauira HVZ tino rongonui:

• "Ukraine". Ko te tino nui pahikara waitohu, kua riro he maha nui o akatuke'anga. i whakamana tauira Classic i roto i te whakatinanatanga tane, he wahine, a ōrite pai haere i runga i uku me te paru rori. rerekē tauira "Ukraine lux» i awhi aroaro puāwaitanga o te konumohe koranu. whakarato Whakamarietia tokotoko haere roa, te whakaminenga hariata me te wahia mua. whakaputaina te tauira i te pae runga tikanga, me te tuku iho, kei te whakaratohia reira ki te nui ngā paki kawenga wehenga atu me te footrest.
• "Tourist". Ano te tauira rongonui o te pahikara. Mai i "Ukraine" taimaha lite rerekē, potae kuiti, me tere selectable wha. wahia ringa i roto i te whirihoranga taketake he muri, me te mua actuators. I roto i te hou tauira nui-tere anga i hanga o te maitai hanga - ka paiherea. Manawapa wahi pahikara hangaia e Ventura. He iti tona utu, a ka nui te tika tokomaha tauira pai-mohiotia.
• "Tourist Tīmata-huanui" - hangaia mō te hunga ngaio, engari he mea ohie ki te ako me te amateurs. He āhuatanga o te tauira, ko te taimaha o te anga i hanga o kowiri tira, anake 2.2 kirokaramu iti. rite rawa te pahikara i ki e rua nihowhiti i runga i te wira muri, a e rima i runga i te mua. Whakamarietia me te haumaru whakaratohia Caliper Brake, nohoanga anga me te takahi whakapakaritia.
• "Sport". Bicycling rerekē papatipu tapeke o 14.5 kg, he pūnaha marau mua maitai o waru i tuku, me te wira waho. whakaputaina te tauira i roto i nga tau 70, ka ko tino hira ki ngä kaitäkaro runaruna.
• "Record" - tauira Track, kotahi 8.5 kg mō racers ngaio.
• "Sputnik" - he tauira o te pasikala, tūruhi kaha tino. Tikanga mō te pahikara roa i roto i te pa, a ki runga ki nga rori paru. Āhuatanga e whakamarie nui haere, me te pānga resistance.

Tata 130 tau whakawhanake i te pahikara wheketere Kharkov. pupuru ana Kamupene te hinonga e taea anake e kitea i tenei ra i roto i te tahi mau pa o Ukraine. Ko te utu mo te kaiwhakamahi Ukrainian tīmata i 2400 hryvnia.

Whai ingoa hoki te kounga o te hua Kharkov pahikara wheketere. Prices mo Russia i te wā nei e hanga e e kaihoko tūmataiti. Ka taea e ratou te hoko te pahikara mo te utu o te 10 mano ki te 45 mano moni. ki te rapu i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te whakawhānui i te whatunga me te whakatuwheratanga o te toa tahu i roto i Russia tonu te kamupene.

State o whawhati tata i te tipu

I roto i te aamu raurangi tahuna rua HVZ - i roto i te 2009 me te 2017. I roto i te Maehe 2009, taupokina te ahi 150 mita pūrua. mita o te wāhi witi, tino tahuna i tetahi o nga toa. I puta he ahi i roto i te waenganui o te ra, kihai i pāngia. Kua te take o te waea hiko tawhito kua karangatia e te āhuatanga mōrearea. I roto i tenei ahua o te whawhati tata kua tukua paintshop Kharkov pahikara wheketere. keto te ahi i mahi o Tāhuhu o Situations Emergency o Ukraine.

puta te ohipa ahi tuarua Maehe 30, 2017. I te tipu tahuna iho whare whakaminenga toru-kōrero. Specialists, nana nei i haere mai ki te hoatu i roto i, i homai he taumata ahi ati tuarua. Mai i te waro haukura i tukua poisoning tetahi o nga noho o Kharkiv.

wāhitau

hetikuota te kamupene kei te i - Diesel Street, Te paturaa i 3/5.

Kei Plant i roto i Kharkov te i runga i Moskovsky Prospect i te hanganga 118.

Te hinonga, i roto i te tua ki te hua matua whakaputaina te whānuitanga nui o taonga kiritaki - saliote, patu, nga wahi e manawapa mo pahikara.

I te pae taea e koe te hoko paihikara Kharkov pahikara wheketere: kei te toa kamupene kei te i muri ki te whakahaere matua.