Pareparenga Systemically nui: te rārangi. pareparenga Systemically nui i roto i Russia

Banks rite te ahua o ngā rōpū arumoni, i runga i te ringa kotahi, te tākaro he wāhi tino hira i roto i te ōhanga, me i te tahi atu - i roto i te take o ngā tohu o te ngā raruraru - kia pāngia ai neke atu i te etahi i te viivii ore o te āhuatanga kino e hāngai ana. Ka rite ki te hua, kia meinga ratou, i roto i te tahuri, ko te pikaunga i runga i te ōhanga motu i te putanga i te raruraru. Ko te kaha o te kāwanatanga - ki te ārai i te reira. Ko te kupu, faaoti te Central Bank o te Russian Federation ki te hanga i te rārangi o te pēke pūtahi pūtea tino tauwhiro, pai atu i tetahi atu tiaki i nga pānga o mōrearea, me kore e taea reira e noa he pikaunga mo te pūtea, engari ano hoki ki te whakatairanga i te putanga o te ōhanga motu o te āhuatanga uaua i roto i te mea te reira i tēnei wā . E pūtahi pūtea e whakaurua i roto i tenei rārangi?

Ko te ngako o pareparenga systemically nui

pareparenga Systemically nui i roto i Russia - he aha te mea tenei hanganga? E pā ana tēnei wāhanga ki te whare nama nui i, i roto i te tirohanga o te hanganga ture ki te hunga atu paearu ranei, e te āhuatanga rite he faufaa nui mo te ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. kia ngā taua tohu te uara o pūmatuatanga o te pareparenga, te tohu o te aroaro i roto i nga rohe, me te tau matua i runga i te huru pūtea whānui o te hanganga.

Heoi, nga paearu e pā ana, i runga i te taumata o ture, kei te tārewa i roto i te Russian Federation. Na reira, he rārangi ngā o pareparenga systemically nui - rite, hei tauira, whakaputaina i roto i Hōngongoi 2015 te Central Bank o te Russian Federation, i hanga te nuinga i runga i te pūtake o te tikanga ā-o te whakatau tata regulator. Ka taea hoki e ngā rārangi o pūtahi e hāngai ana, hei tauira, ngä pokapü tātari - pērā i "Reiti Ria".

ngākau nuitanga kāwanatanga

Heoi, i reira he taunakitanga e taea te noaa te paearu mō te whakauru ki pareparenga systemically nui i roto i te heke mai i te taumata-ture. Tenei take, kia rite ki kaitätari mōhio, mahi atu i ngā taumata o kōrero i runga i te mākete pūtea o te Russian Federation. e ki kia kōmakatia pareparenga Russian rite systemically nui - ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te rārangi whakaputaina e te Central Bank kia āhei mō te tautoko kāwanatanga i roto i te hui o te mōrearea - hei tauira, ki te e kitea e ratou ki raruraru tere. Ko te kupu, kia te mana hiahia i roto i te tiaki i te pūmautanga o te nama me te pūtahi pūtea e tika ana ki te meka e ratou, i roto i te tahuri, whai wāhi ki te whakarite i te pūmautanga o te ōhanga rite te katoa.

Ko te whakamōhio pūmana

Kia kï hoki, e i roto i 2013 kua whakaputaina te Central Bank he tuhinga ngā - te tauwhāiti he kaupapa i roto i i korerotia nga paearu mō te whakarōpū o pareparenga i ki nui systemically. kī tenei pūtake e taea te whirihora i te rārangi o pareparenga systemically nui i roto i Russia e hāngai ana i runga i te uara o ngā rawa o pūtahi, te wahi o putunga, me te te uara o moni e kua whai wāhi i roto i ētahi atu whare pūtea. hāngai tūtohutanga hāngai i runga i nga paearu o te Komiti Basel i Banking mātakitaki, me te ke tohunga tohutohu. I roto i tenei take, kia whanganga te mahi pūtea o te Central Bank, rite ki te tikanga o te tauira, i runga i te pūtake o te mahi a te faanahoraa i roto i te 3 tau.

E matau ana hoki tatou e i roto i January 2014 tukuna te Central Bank arata'iraa i runga i te pūtake o te tikanga o nei i mahara ki te tautuhi i te rārangi o pareparenga systemically nui. 2014, ka rite ki te whakaaro e etahi tohunga, i whakaaro i roto i te āhuatanga o te aro mātai mahi - na kihai i hoki ia i whakaputaina te rārangi e hāngai ana. Heoi, i reira he he wāhi ritenga o te tirohanga. Kua fokotu'u ētahi tohunga e te tau i roto i nei e whakaputa i te Central Bank te rārangi tuatahi o te pareparenga systemically nui, 2014 te hopoia kia tika ki ngā raruraru me te hiahia ki te tautuhi i te rārangi o nga whakahaere nama tino pūmau. Heoi, kua hanga e te Central Bank te rārangi hāngai o pūtahi pūtea anake i roto i te Hōngongoi 2015.

pareparenga Systemically nui rite ki CBR

A feruri i, Na, he aha te mea i teie nei tukuna te Central Bank systemically pareparenga nui. Ko te rārangi ngā 10 Russian nui pareparenga pūtahi pūtea.

ara:

- Sberbank - te pēke nui i roto i te Russian Federation;

- VTB - te tuarua nui rawa pareparenga o te Russian Federation;

- Agricultural Bank;

- Raiffeisen Bank;

- UniCredit;

- Gazprombank;

- FK "Opening";

- Rosbank;

- PSB;

- Alfa Bank.

Ka rite ki tohunga whakatau tata i tenei rārangi? kaitätari Market whakapono e te aroaro te Central Bank me ngā te rārangi o pareparenga systemically nui, pera i te katoa, he arorau. He maha ngā tohunga, i roto i te parau tumu, i mua i hanga te regulator kua tenei rārangi, fokotu'u e ka tomo enei pūtahi nama, me te pūtea ki reira. Ahakoa, ki te anake te mea i enei pūtahi - te nui rawa i roto i Russia i ngā o ngā rawa. kohikohi ratou he katoa o te 60% o te pēke te whakapaipai Russian.

Paearu i te Central Bank

E tūmanakohia te Central Bank te i roto i te heke mai tata ki te whakaputa i te paearu i runga i te pūtake o e kua tāutuhia pareparenga systemically nui, he rārangi o nei tatou i whakaaro i runga. Tenei, i roto i ngā, kī te māngai o te regulator i roto i te uiuiraa pāpāho. Kia kï hoki, e etahi o nga paearu e wātea ana ki te iwi whānui e tika ana inaianei - ki te titiro koe i te mōhiohio i roto i te pānui pāpāho o te CBR. Na, tetahi o te hunga i mea e Oketopa 1, 2015 i roto i te whakarite pareparenga systemically nui ka whakaaro he tohu o te uara o te tere wā-poto. Ka whakanui i āta nga whakaritenga mo tona uara. Ka tuatahi amo te reira i tere o 60%, engari i roto i te 2019, ka whai i te reira ki te kia 100%.

Kei te mohiotia ano te reira e te Central Bank i roto i 2016 ka whakaturia nga whakaritenga mō ngā moka whakapaipai - i roto i runga i te paearu e takoto nga tūtohutanga Basel. Ko te ahua ōrite rite te tāpiritanga ki te whakapaipai taketake hiahiatia ki te wāhikē te parekura i roto i te hui o te raruraru, e whai ki te kia 0,625% ki te faatura ki rawa taimaha e te mōrea. Katoa tau, ka riro i te paearu piki pākaha. Na roto i te 2019, ka hiahia ki te whakarite kia te moka whakapaipai i roto i te uara o te 2.5% tahatika.

representativeness tino arotau

Kia kï hoki, e i roto i te tauwhāiti e hiahia ia ki te tautuhi pareparenga systemically nui o Russia, i 2014, ka mea te reira e kia ngā te nui o te nama me te pūtahi pūtea reira i roto i te rārangi i te iti rawa 80% o te mākete Russian o rawa pēke.

I roto i tenei whakaaro, fokotu'u etahi tohunga e i roto i te rārangi tuatahi o systemically ka hei pūtahi nui a tawhio noa 50 whakahaere. Ano, i roto i te uiuiraa ki te māngai pāpāho o te Central Bank i te ngahuru o 2014 korerotia e kia riro te mana e tika ana 19 pareparenga, piki, i roto i te tahuri, 70% o te whakapaipai i roto i te mākete motu.

Huarahi ki te aromatawai o pareparenga systemically nui

Na, ka titiro matou i te maha paearu e kua takoto e pareparenga systemically nui. E whakarārangitia ratou, tito o te Central Bank, te uiui hoki matou. He aha e mea ratou māngai o pūtahi pūtea me kaitätari mākete i runga ranei ki te hanga i te rārangi hāngai, me te mau parau tumu o tona faaineineraa?

Ko te kupu, ko te wāhi noa o te tirohanga, kia rite ki nei te mana o te faufaa nahanaha o te pēke - ko reira kore pera nui te hiahia rite nui haere fatongia. Credit me whakahaere pūtea, i riro ia ia, ki te kia rite ki te whakarite i herenga - e pā ana e rua ki te whakatau o nga raruraru ōhanga kāinga o te kāwanatanga, me te whai wāhitanga i roto i kōrero ao. fakamamafa'i māngai Central Bank e kore e nga pareparenga i runga i te rārangi o systemically nui noa'tu whakawhirinaki i runga i te tautoko pūtea i te āhua. He wāhi nui i roto i te āwhina ki te whakatau i ngā raruraru ka taea i roto i te faanahoraa, rite tuhia e te kaiwhakahaere runga o te Central Bank kia tākaro i te whai pānga.

Ko te paearu mō te whakarōpū o pareparenga ki te pūnaha: Tohunga ngā aromātai

He aha tohunga te mea e pā ana ki whakaputaina i te kau nga paearu Central Bank ki runga nei Whakaröpütia pareparenga rite systemically nui? Ko te kupu, ko te kaitätari rawa pai aromatawai i te kaupapa o te Central Bank i te marama o te whakaritenga i runga i ngā moka whakapaipai. Heoi, he hiahia i roto i te maha tohunga, i runga i te mea tumu no te pēke pokapū whakaturia he record tohua e tatou i runga.

E ai ki etahi kaitätari, kia waiho hei paearu nui i roto i te aro mātai o te pūmautanga o te pūtahi pūtea Russian te kounga o te whakahaere. Ki te ahu te pēke e kaiwhakahaere mātau, he mea i roto i faarahi i tetahi take ona tūponotanga o te angitu i roto i te upooti'araa i raruraru, me te te mahia o te mahi e te hunga whai pānga ki te ōhanga o te whenua o, tohunga mea.

hopu ki nga kau taki ake

pareparenga Russian, i hanga te Central Bank i te rārangi o systemically nui, e hangaia hoki ki te waiho i te tauira mo te tahi atu, pea whakataetae pūtahi pūtea, ka mea kaitätari.

I roto i te parau tumu, e kore e taea te ui ratou pono i roto i te kanohi o te kaiuru mākete nama Russian tohunga mea,, engari whakahaere iti-tauine, e te mea pai ki te taea ki te kite i, e tika ana ki nei kei te whanake angitu pareparenga nui i roto i ngā, me te pai i aromātai te regulator. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kia meinga te whakaputanga o te Central Bank o te rārangi ki tonu o paearu mō te whakarōpū nama me pūtahi pūtea ki te pūnaha he manawarū tino ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o te pūnaha pēke rite te katoa, kaitätari mea.