Kazakh SSR me te hītori o tona hanganga

Ko Modern Kazakhstan te nui i te rohe i muri i Russia me tetahi o nga whenua tino ōhanga whakawhanakehia o nga Kihi. Tona mua tonu ko te käwanatanga o te Soviet Union - te Kazakh SSR. Ko te hītori o te mātauranga tūmatanui i te wa ano hono ki to tatou mua Soviet noa me nga mau hou o katatānga. Kia titiro a ki reira i roto i te poro o te tau kua hipa.

prehistory

Otiia i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau he aha ngā tukanga arahina ki te putanga o taua mātauranga tūmatanui rite te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic, e ti'a ia tatou ki te haere hoki i te rau tau i ma'iri a'e nei, ki nga pakiaka o te tufaa o Kazakhs.

Ko te takenga mai o te tufaa Kazakh pā ki te wā o te tiango o te Golden Horde me te tohatoha o e hāngai ana i runga i ona wahi kua horoa te Uzbek Khanate o te ope Kazakh. Tenei hui ngā tuhia ki 1465 tau, ka wenewene te tikanga o te feia faatere Uzbek Khan Abulhair Kerey me Janibek arahina e ratou puni Arapi whawhati atu i tona ahua. Hohua e aru ratou, ka anga ki te karanga ratou nga Kazakhs, e whakamāoritanga i Turkish rite "tangata free."

Heoi, ko tino iu te āhua hou, a tino centralized kore ko. I roto i te 1718, i raro i te pēhanga huakina Jungars hopea whawhati reira ake e toru nga wahi: Junior, Middle ko Senior Juz. Na ka anga te wā toto o te hōia Kazakh-Jungar. whakaora Kazakhs i awhinatia whakangaromanga oti anake whakaaetanga āta i roto i te rau tau XVIII Kazakh khans raraunga Russian. I te tīmatanga i Khanate nui mana motuhake, engari i roto i te rau tau XIX, kei te piki memeha reira, i arahina ki te koroke. I te tau 1824, i te mutunga whakakorea te mana o Khan, a ka whenua Kazakh wahi o te Russian Empire.

Ko te wahi tonga o katatānga hakari-ra, i roto i ngā whai te Horde rawa, engari te mate o te rangatiratanga, i te mapi e Russia i roto i te waitaua Āhia Central i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX. wehea Kazakhs rohe whakaruru i waenganui o te Turkestan me Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian kawana-generalship, me te kawanatanga Orenburg. I roto i tenei wā i huaina e ratou Kirghiz kaysakov kore ki te e raruraru ki te Cossacks Russian.

Otiia i roto i te 1917 i reira ko timata he tiango o te Russian Empire i roto i te Pakanga Civil, i i te pānga nui i runga i o Kazakhs te whakarau, a takaro he arataki i roto i te hanganga o te Kazakh SSR.

te wā o te aroraa

I roto i te Pakanga Civil, aroraa te pakanga tōrangapū, me te patu i runga i te rohe o katatānga hou. I tenei wa, i hanga matou mana motuhake motu - i roto i te raki - Alash (Alash Orda) ki te pokapū i roto i Semipalatinsk, a i roto i te tonga - te Turkestan, me tona whakapaipai i roto i Kokand. Rua i whakakorea te āhua i te mua i roto i te Pakanga Kaiākiri: te tuatahi - i roto i te 1920, me te tuarua - i roto i te 1918. I roto i to ratou rohe i hanga e, aua, Kirghiz motuhake pāpori Soviet Republic me te Turkestan Soviet Republic.

Maori SSR

I te wa o tona whakatū, Hōngongoi 16, 1920 nui o katatānga hakari-ra ngā te rohe o te Kyrgyz ASSR. I roto i te reira tomo kihai anake te rohe i roto i te tonga o te whenua, e, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, i whakaurua ki roto ki te Soviet Republic o Turkestan. Engari kia rite ki te wahi o te Maori SSR ko Karakalpakiya me hou rohe Orenburg, Orenburg me ko tona pokapū whakahaere. Kyrgyz ASSR i whakaurua he mana motuhake ki te RSFSR, rite, te mea, ko Turkestan.

I roto i tona oraraa kua oti rohe KASSR huringa nui. Ko te kupu, i roto i te 1924-1925 tau kua whakaurua te reira i roto i tona melo i te rohe tonga o katatānga hou, rite te roa ko te wāhi o te Turkestan Soviet Republic.

Kazakh ASSR

Hoatu e kore ko te putanga o te "Kirghiz Kaisaks" he whaiaro ti'araa-o nga Kazakhs, i roto i April 1925 i whakaingoatia te Kirgiz motuhake Soviet-pāpori Republic i roto i te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic. I oho te whakapaipai i Orenburg ki Kyzyl-engari, kei ka karanga ki te aroaro o Ak-Mosque, a Orenburg ia i tawhiti rohe i te rohe o te mana motuhake, me te whakawhiti ki te mana tika o te RSFSR. I roto i te 1927, kotahi ka mau te whakawhitinga o te whakapaipai wahi, tenei wa i roto i Alama-Ata, i noho te pokapū whakahaere o ngā hinonga kāwanatanga Kazakhs tae noa ki 1997, arā, 70 tau.

I roto i te 1930, ka wehea te rohe motuhake Karakalpak, i whakawhitia ki te subordination tika o te RSFSR i te KazASSR. Ko te kupu, ko te rohe o te Kazakh USSR heke mai hoki kua hanga i tata rawa, a anake huringa iti puta i roto i te heke mai.

Hanganga o te Kazakh Soviet Union

Te Ture hou kua riro, rite ki nei te Kazakh ASSR te mana o te Union Republic whāngai i roto i 1936 i roto i te USSR. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kua whakapae reira i te RSFSR, riro ona tika rite, me i reira i runga i ka mohiotia rite te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic. Heoi i reira ko te hanganga o te Kazakh SSR.

Whakahaere i roto i te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic

I roto i te meka, te mana Kazakh SSR rawa i roto i nga ringa o te Pāti Communist o katatānga, i hanga i roto i te tau 1937, ko te wāhi o te CPSU. Ko te mata matua o te käwanatanga te hekeretari tuatahi o te rōpū. Ahakoa kīia ai whakaaro te matenga ngā o te Republic o katatānga i te Hupirimi Kaunihera Presidium. Na ko te Kaunihera Supreme te tinana-ture. arahina e ia a ratou ki te 1990 Tiamana o te Presidium, a ka - te Kaunihera Supreme.

wehenga-rohe o te Kazakh SSR

Kazakh SSR ko te hanganga whakahaere, rite ki te wehenga rohe o te tahi atu lepupilika Soviet. He katoa o 19 ngā wāhi i hanga e i ngā wā rerekē. I roto i te wawe 60-doma o etahi wāhanga o te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic i hanumi ki te mata (Tselinny, Te Hau-ā-uru Kazakhstan, Tonga Kazakhstan), engari ki te tiaki o ona mahi whakahaere. Otiia i roto i nga waenganui-60raa i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakarerea tenei wehenga.

tohu

Ka rite ki te mātauranga tūmatanui katoa, i te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic ona ake tohu - te kara, tohu me te waiata.

Ko te haki tuatahi o te Republic ko he haki whero ki te tuhituhinga "te Kazakh Soviet-pāpori Republic" i roto i te reo Russian me Kazakh, rite pai rite te hama me toronaihi i roto i te kokonga maui runga. Ko tenei haki rite te kāwanatanga whakaritea te kaupapa ture o te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic i 1937. Otiia i roto i te 1953, i reira kua huringa nui: i nekehia atu te tuhituhinga, engari kua reira kua tapiritia ki te whetu e rima-oka me te ropu puru i te raro o te kakahu. I roto i tenei puka vai Kazakh SSR haki noa te putanga Republic i te Union.

Na, i roto i te tau 1937, i whāngai ai me te koti o ringa o te Kazakh SSR. I roto i te rerekē ki te kara mo te wā o tona oraraa kua oti te reira huringa iti. aroaro tona whakapakoko te raro nei.

whāngai Kazakh SSR waiata i roto i 1945. I roto i te reira hoatu te waiata Mukan Tulebaev, Evgeniya Brusilovskogo ko Latif Hamidi i kupu Kayum Mukhamedkhanova, Abdilda Tazhibaeva ko Gabit Musrepov.

Ko te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu

Kazakh SSR i roto i nga tau o te ture Soviet kua tae tuatahi tae noa ki te tohu ōhanga me te taumata o te whanaketanga ōhanga. I tenei wa whakawhanake kaha ahumahi, whakahaere te hanga o wheketere, Kawau, i hanga Baikonur hanga te whakapaipai o te Kazakh SSR, Alama-Ata. metallurgy, waro keri rawa inarā whakawhanakehia.

Otiia e kore e wareware i te wā o te hemokai papatipu, collectivization takoha, tāmitanga o maramarama motu, nei ora te iwi o katatānga i te 20 - 30 matahiti o te rau tau whakamutunga.

Ko te whakakorenga o te Kazakh SSR

Ko te tukanga manapori i timata i roto i te Soviet Union i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te 80s, kihai i taea e pa ki a te Kazakh SSR, i roto i nei kaha i te mau hinaaro turai. I te 1986, i te whakapaipai o katatānga ko te tuatahi i roto i te USSR anti-kāwanatanga whakawhitiwhiti Alama-Ata. I whakatupato ia te whakarite o Moscow, Hekeretari Tuatahi o te tangata Communist Party o katatānga, e i roto i te whenua e kore noa kua. Movement kurua tāmia ki wae hōia.

I te 1989 ka e ia Hekeretari Tuatahi o te Nursultan Nazarbaev, i mua i te Tiamana o mua o te Kaunihera o Minita. I April 24 o te tau e whai ake nei, pōtitia te Kaunihera Hupirimi tona peresideni. I roto i te Oketopa 1990, ka tangohia te reira te Whakapuakanga o State mana arii o katatānga. I muri i te tukipoto August puta mai Nazarbayev i o nga ngohi o te CPSU. I roto i te Hakihea 1991, i karangatia ai te motuhake oti o te Republic o katatānga. Heoi mutu te Kazakh Soviet pāpori Republic ki te tīariari.