Kāwai reo me o ratou momo. Kuputuhi rite te kāwai reo. kāwai Reo me ngā raruraru o te tēhea wetereo

I roto i tenei tuhinga whakaaro tatou i te kāwai reo taketake, hoatu tauira. Ka ako koe e i roto i wetereo miramira ngā rōpū, e taea te whakarōpūtia i roto i tetahi ki tetahi wae ranei.

He aha te mea he kāwai

Ko te ariā rawa o "kāwai" i tuatahi whakawhanakehia e Aristotle. I roto i ngā, motuhia ia i roto i nga kāwai 10. Tenei ko ratou: pumau tonu, mahi, mana, tūranga, te wā, te wāhi, huru, te kounga, te rahi, āhua. I roto i te ara maha, ratou pānga i runga i te tohanga o te rārangi muri o te ngā predicates, predicates o te rerenga me ngā wāhanga o te kupu.

kāwai ariā

I mua i whakaaro nga kāwai reo me ngā raruraru o te tēhea wetereo, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamārama i tenei wā. I raro i te tikanga e pā ana te reira ki te ahua o te pūnaha kati o uara o āhuatanga te ao pū te uara ngā o tenei huanga ranei he hāngai ana ki te tikanga o te kīanga ( "mārama" ranei "huna") me te tohu o te grammaticalization i roto i te reo i homai. Hei tauira, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki te aroaro o nga kāwai ariā e whai ake nei :. Alienability / inalienability, mahi / hohekore, ai, wāhi, mau opuaraa, etc. I roto i wetereo, i reira he kāwai reo wetereo-pū. Kei raro te auraa ratou akomanga pērā i ngā ingoa whenua, mahi, me ētahi atu mea ora. Ki te manako ana derivational faaiteraa ōkawa Sema categorical, e tuku kāwai reo ki rite kupu-hanganga. Ko ētahi tauira ko: mōkai ingoa (keke-chik, paowa-ok, te whare-IR), he ingoa rangatira (rere-un, te WHO-chik, whakaako-Teremera).

kāwai reo i roto i te tikanga whanui, me te kuiti

kāwai Reo - te huinga e taea te tiro rite te whanui, me te i roto i te tikanga kuiti. I roto i te take tuatahi ko tetahi rōpū o ngā huānga e kua tohaina e hāngai ana i runga i te taonga noa. I roto i te tikanga kuiti o nga kāwai reo - he etahi tawhā (huru), te arai e whāriki ana o waeine ōrite o te maha etahi o ngā akomanga ritua. Kei te āhuatanga o ratou i te mau melo e te tetahi uara o te huru. Tauira :. momo Kāwai, take, whakaoho / popohe, voicelessness / te amuamu o etc. pinepine, Heoi, tenei wā tohu tetahi o nga uara o tenei tawhā (āhuatanga). Tauira: kāwai inanimateness, accusative voicelessness kāwanatanga mahia puka.

Ngā momo o ngā kāwai rite ki ngā paearu

I runga anō i nei huru he tohu hāngai, me te tu i roto i runga taua mea i te rota, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki tona hononga ki te wehewehe o nga akomanga, ka taea e tatou te wehewehe ngā momo rerekē o ngā kāwai. taea Tautuhi te titoa o phonemes, e he wae ōrite. I roto i tenei take, te wehewehe i rerekē ngā kāwai reo oro. Tenei, mo te tauira, i puta ke o te voicelessness / sonority. Ko tētahi atu tauira - te kāwai o orokati mutu. I runga i te pūtake o te pārōnaki whakarōpū ā hanga i roto i tenei take.

Whakaturia te pänga ki ngā kāwai, ka taea te tito reira o kotahitanga më. Ko te tikanga he whakaaro, kīanga me ngā kupu enei. I roto i tenei take, i te hanganga kupu whakaritea, Papakupu-pū, syntactic, wetereo, me te tahi atu ngā kāwai. E ai ki te ngā āhuatanga pū syntactic ranei whakatinana whakarōpū. E nehenehe te reira rite he syntactic tika, pū, me te obschekategorialnym (te maha i mohio ki tenei kupu rite "uhinga ki ngā wāhanga o te kupu").

Whakarōpū me te whakakē huanga

Tu me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ki te e wehea te whakaute ki te akomanga ki pātaki wehewehe (whiriwhiri, wāhi), me te whakakē (flexion, me pārōnaki). whakahoutia āhuatanga hoki etahi ahanoa te ina hāngai reira ki te huānga o etahi atu piha e arai ana e rerekē i reira anake te taha o te uara o tenei āhuatanga. Kei te tuku i tēnei fakafepaki ki rite ōrite. Ki te te kore kitea tenei, mo te huānga hāngai ko te tohu o te wehewehe. I roto i te e take, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki etahi o nga momo atu noa o wae ki runga ki te pūtake o te huri? Kia whakahoki a ki tenei pātai. Na, ka rerekē te huānga i ia atu anake i te uara o te āhuatanga whakarerekē. Ko whakarōpū, tona uara ko te aumou, whakaritea ki te kōwae.

Whakakē me whakarōpū ngā kāwai

I roto i te rahiraa o te taime, te nuinga o nga āhuatanga o te pūwhakakē tohu. Na ka te ka karanga ano te kāwai rite te katoa whakakē. Hei tauira, kua inflected reira (inflectional) kāwai. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te maha o ngā matenga, me te kupu ingoa, take, tau, kupu āhua ira, hehema, wa, tangata, tau whanau kupumahi. Ki te whakarōpū i te maha rawaka o ngā āhuatanga o te huanga categorical, ka pera ka waiho i te kāwai taua rite te katoa. Hei tauira, ko reira te taumata wetereo-pū. Tauira: ngā wāhanga puninga animateness o korero, me te noun transitivity / intransitive, akomanga kupumahi iti, etc ...

"Ture" me "okotahi"

Na ka aha te momo kia pēnei rānei kāwai, i runga i te aha whakarōpū o rānei wae reo i te tuatahi, a he aha te mea te "tikanga" mo te piha haapiiraa ngā, me te aha kia karangatia e te "okotahi." Hei tauira, e taea ana te kī reira e i roto i te reo Russian mo etahi akomanga o ngā kupumahi kāwai momo kōpapa (noun), me mo etahi o ana akomanga - derivational (whakarōpūtia). Ka taea e ranei e koe te tango i tetahi o aua whakatau e pā ana ki te piha haapiiraa katoa o tohu-waha. Kia mōhio e te aroaro o te katoa o ratou i roto i te philology Russian.

kāwai e horo'a

Hono ako nga whanaunga paradigmatic ngā wetereo, te whakamahi i maha kairangahau te ariā o "kāwai kōrerorero, me te wetereo" ranei "whakaaro rapu". Kei raro ratou auraa te pū āhuatanga motuhake o etahi rerenga (wetereo modality, whakaaetanga / faka'ikai'i, tseleustanovka tauākī). Iti noa kia waiho te reira ngā uara takitahi o huanga raraunga (hei tauira, kāore o te kāwai). He maha o kairangahau, i ngā, N. Y. Shvedova, tuku he ariā rerekē. kōrero ratou e pā ana ki ngā kāwai frazoizmenitelnyh. He atu ariā.

kāwai wetereo

He wetereo kāwai reo me ngā momo i roto i te ako tino me te nui tino. Ratou āhuatanga āhuatanga - whakakē momo āhuatanga, tangohia rite te pūtake, ki tona whai wāhi i roto i te wetereo, te aroaro o te tikanga auau i roto i nei whakahuatia ai, me te "here" ki te tīpako (kupu) puka no ki te huinga i homai, tetahi o ona uara. kāwai wetereo He pūnaha kati o ngā uara, tāuke. ui ratou tataitia e he ki ngā akomanga ritua huinga whānui o ngā puka kupu. Hei tauira, pērā tikanga wetereo rite te puka te motuhia e te vahine ranei i roto i to ratou taatoaraa te tau kāwai.

Ko te ariā o te kuputuhi

I mua i whakaaro tatou te kuputuhi kāwai reo, tautuhi te ariā matua. Kuputuhi - raznoaspektnogo he ahanoa o ako i roto i mātauranga wetereo, engari i roto i te tuhinga kia tae noa tikanga tenei ariā kei te rerekē. Kahore he hoki kahore whakamāramatanga whakaaetia whānuitia. Na reira, whakaaro tatou i te mea e te noa tino.

Kuputuhi i roto i te whānui āhuatanga rite te hua o ngā mahi tangata motuhake (rechemyslitelnoj). Ko te whakamutunga kia puta i roto i te tukanga o te kōrero autaki, me te tika, me te i roto i te tukanga o te tangata mohio o mooni.

Kuputuhi rite te kāwai reo

Units hanga ona wāhanga (wāhanga hanganga) te tohatoha i roto i te rerenga kotahi rōpū ranei. Tono (texteme, kīanga, rerenga kōrero) Ko te āhuatanga matua o te kuputuhi. Kei te matau te reira, ka kite a rite e pā ana ki tetahi atu tuku. E ko, ko reira he wāhanga o te wahi kuputuhi o te katoa. Whakahere - tona wae kōrerorero i raro.

SCC (SFU)

Ko te hanganga o te kuputuhi , tahi ki te tono i ētahi wā ngā ki ngā rōpū, i ngā ingoa rerekē rerekē kairangahau. V. A. Buhbinder, hei tauira, e pā ana ki o ratou rōpū me unities phrasal phrasal. whakapono matatini katoa syntactical (SCC) ratou NS Pospelov, A. P. Peshkovsky, S. G. Ilenko, L. M. Loseva. Microtext (SFU) karanga ratou TM Nikolaeva, ahau Aue Moskalskaya, I. R. Galperin. Boznacheniya mo te rōpū o tono e pā ana i roto i te tikanga o te SFU tino whakamahia nuitia a SCC. Ko te kotahitanga hanganga rawa matatini, e ngā o te iti rawa e rua tono motuhake, e whai i te horopaki o te kupu tapatahi pū pipiri, me te mahi kia rite ki te wahi o te kōrero oti tenei.

whakaaro Free me kaha

Kia mahara e roto i te hanganga o te kuputuhi, kua whakarōpūtia tahi kore katoa tono. Whakaritea me utu, kahore e nei i roto i a ratou, engari e pā ana semantically ki tetahi ki tetahi rōpū ranei. Oku i ai e kōrero, kaituhi taui. Taua tono ko te hono i waenganui i te SSC, e nga tikanga e ai whakaritea te mikrotema hou.

Kua tawhiti ano ētahi kairangahau i te kuputuhi tono kaha. Ka taea te mohio ki ratou, kahore i mohio te ihirangi o ētahi atu. Taua tono i roto i te SSC kore ngā.

wae kōrero me ngā waeine nui

He aha te tahi atu ngā kāwai taea te kitea kuputuhi reo? E ngā tono Group i roto i poraka wahi noa nui. E huaina ratou i roto i ngā akoranga ranei whatiwhatinga ranei complexes predicative-whanaunga. Ko tētahi atu ingoa noa - poraka kōrero.

Associations reira e noa nui. kōrero ratou ki te wāhanga e whai ake nei kuputuhi: te upoko, wahi o te kōwae, te kōwae.

Ko te kupu, tono, me o ratou rōpū - nga mea timatanga kōrero matua o te kuputuhi. te toenga katoa kawea i roto i rite te tikanga, mahi kuputuhi-hanga. Kei te nuinga o interphase ratou kōrero. hoatu matou te whakamāramatanga, me tenei ariā.

Te here interfacial

tohu te reira i te hono i waenganui i te SCC, whakaaro, pene, kōwae, me ētahi atu wāhanga o te kuputuhi, e whakaraupapa tona kotahitanga hanganga, me te pū. I roto i tenei take, i te hononga pū i waenganui i nga kaupapa takitahi e whakaratohia ana e te tikanga-kupu, me te wetereo. Ko reira maha he whakarara mekameka ranei hononga. te kitenga o te whakamutunga e tukurua i te wahi whakamutunga o te rerenga i roto i tetahi ahua ranei tetahi, i roto i te whakamahinga o muri o te wahi o tona hanganga. Tono mō te hononga whakarara e kore e whai wāhi, ka e whakaritea. I roto i tenei take, īnaki nga hanganga juxtaposition taea te whakarite, i runga i te ihirangi wetereo tēnā rānei ranei.

Founga o te whakatinanatanga o te momo ngā o te kōrero

Ki te awhina o ngā rauemi reo whakatinana te ia o ngā momo o te kōrero. Hei tauira, mo te pūhui o te matūriki whakamahia rōpū kuputuhi, kupu tāuru me etahi atu. Hoki te whakatinanatanga o te hononga mekameka i waenganui i tono SSC e whakawhitiwhiti te whakamahinga, aua syntactic, kupu ki uara mokowā, me te pae tino, tūpou me etahi. Ki te faatura ki te hononga whakarara, ki te whakatinana i tika parallelism i hanga rerenga. Kei te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te whakamahi ngā kupu mahi ki te hōtaka noa wa, āhuatanga pūwhakaata o te tikanga kotahi, a na i runga i. D.

creolized kāwai reo tuhinga

E āhuatanga ratou e te taua kāwai rite mo nga tuhinga puāwaitanga ōrite kōrero pera-ka karanga. He mea tika ki te whakamārama i te ariā o "creolization". Ko reira he huinga o ngā tikanga o ngā pūnaha tohu i roto i te matatini, i te mea huru tekstuarnosti haepapa. Visual wāhanga Ko nga tikanga e ai te creolization o ngā tuhinga ā-waha. E ratou he pānga nui i runga i to ratou tikanga, me te i runga i ngā take hangarau katoa e pā ana ki te hoahoa o te kuputuhi, e pā ratou tikanga. Tu i roto i roto ia ratou ko te whai ake: papamuri tae me te momotuhi o te kuputuhi, te tikanga faatomaraa, takikupu, kupu hanganga, hoahoa whakairoiro (i roto i te tīwae i te puka o te ahua), tāngia pūāhua rongonui (ideograms, pictograms) me ētahi atu.

Ko te kupu te kuputuhi he tetahi hanganga, te wahi, e toaati wahi me tono takitahi. kāwai reo me te arorau - he kaupapa e taea whakakitea te wa rawa te roa. Kua tamata matou ki te whakanui i te mea tino nui e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio i nga philologist.