Kaupapa Foreign o te ope Russian

I muri i te hinga i roto i te whawhai o ngā mahi hōia o Napoleon i hāngai ana ki te pana o te French i whenua i roto i te Western Europe. Ko te kupu timata nga kaupapa ke o te ope Russian. 1812 ko te timatanga o te kaupapa hōia. Ahakoa te hinga, i kaha nui tonu ngā hōia a Napoleon.

whakaaetia kaupapa Foreign o te ope Russian i roto i 1813 ki te ūkui i te rohe French o Poland me te Vistula. whakahau ia nga ope Russian, Field Marshal Kutuzov. I roto i te pakanga tāwāhi o te ope Russian i hainatia Kutuzov Kalisz te whakaaetanga i runga i haumi Russian-Prussia ki Napoleon. Tenei whakaaetanga tohua te timatanga o te ono o nga whakakotahitanga ki te French. tautoko ana tēnei haumi e nga iwi Pākehā, mahi i roto i te pakanga ki te ioka o Napoleon.

timata kaupapa Foreign o te ope Russian i roto i te taha ki te hōia Prussia i roto i te mutunga o Maehe. I roto i Germany, whānui fafauhia kaupapa pakanga i roto i te muri o te French. whakamanuhiritia ope Russian iwi rohe rite Liberators. I roto i te waenganui-Paengawhāwhā o te taua tau (1813), aro Napoleon e pā ana ki 200 mano iwi ki hōia Russian-Prussia i te nui o e pā ana ki 92 mano. I taua wa, hoia Russian whakahau e Wittgenstein (i muri i te matenga o Kutuzov), i muri i te kaiārahi ope haere ki Barclay de Tolly.

Hoa (Russia me Prussia) patua tuatahi April 20 i Lutzen, Mei 8-9, ka i Bautzen. mutu kaupapa Foreign o te ope Russian ka waitohu o te mua (23 Haratua). roa te reira i tae noa ki 29 Hōngongoi.

I roto i ngā whiriwhiringa ki Napoleon mahi hei takawaenga Austria. Heoi, i momoho ratou. Ka rite ki te hua, ka motuhake i te kāwanatanga Austria ki France whanaunga katoa. hanga Napoleon ki Sweden, e pā ana ki te kāwanatanga Russian i roto i 1812 kirimana. Ki te Russia ko Prussia mutu te tairururaa United Kingdom, ki te whakarato ratou ki āwhina a. hainatia Teplice tiriti (1813, Mahuru 28) i waenganui i nga Hoa ko Ateria, hohoro piri e te uniana me te Basileia United.

Ko te kupu, i reira i pā ana ki 492.000 iwi i roto i te pakanga tāwāhi muri o te ope Russian o nga ope i whakauru (Russian 173,000). i piri katoa o ratou i roto i nga mano e toru. tomo Mō 237 mano hoia te ope Bohemian. whakahau ia te Austria Field Marshal Schwarzenberg. i hanga Mō 100 mano iwi te Silesian Army Blucher (Field Marshal o Prussia). haere mai Neke 150 mano iwi ki te ope o te raki, i whakahaua e Bernadotte (Swedish Karauna Prince). Ki Hamburg i whakaingoatia e te tinana motuhake, arā, o te 30 mano iwi.

I te wa ano ngā ope a Napoleon o 440.000 hoia. Ko te wahi matua o ona ope hōia kei roto i Saxony.

August 1813 tohua te counter-ino o te ope i whakauru. patua te ope o Bohemia i o 14 me 15 August i roto i te whawhai (Dresden whawhai) ki nga ope matua o te French. i tamata hōia o Napoleon ki te whai i te Tuhinga patua, engari maka te hiku Russian te hoariri i roto i te pakanga o Kulm (17-18 August). hōia French raro i te whakahau a Macdonald patua i roto i te pakanga ki te ope o Silesia me Army Northern patua hōia Oudinot.

ka mau te hinga o te ope a Napoleon wahi i muri i te whakawhitinga ki te ino Allied whānui. Ko tenei whawhai (Leipzig) i te tuawha ki te whitu o Oketopa i te 1813.

haere nga toenga o nga hoia French puta noa te Rhine. I roto i Hamburg, i karapotia ai e Davout.

Ka rite ki te hua o angitu taua mahi hōia ngā o te haumi ki Napoleon i takoha ki te whakarere Denmark, ka hainatia ki te UK, a Sweden, te tiriti te rongo i roto i 1814. I tua atu, takoto Denmark kia uru atu te whawhai ki te French.

Next, ka peia te ope o Napoleon i te Netherlands. Ko tētahi o nga hua tino nui o pakanga o 1813 ko te whakaoranga o Tiamana i te whakaeke French.