Alikhan Bukeikhanov: biography, whakaaro tōrangapū, mahara

Hoki te wa roa i rāhuitia te ingoa o tenei tangata, a ka ia, rite tokomaha o hono to'utangatá, mana whakaaro he hoariri o te iwi. Ko mo te wa roa tenei tangata rehabilitated, a kua roaa tona mahi te faatura o te uri mauruuru. I teie mahana te mea he kaitōrangapū nui Alikhan Bukeikhanov, whakanuia te huritau e i roto i te 2016 - tetahi o nga marohirohi motu o te Republic o katatānga. I muri i te katoa, ki runga ki te aata o te rangatiratanga o te whenua Āhia Central, hoatu ana e ia tona ora katoa.

Hohe ahua tūmatanui, kanapa kaitōrangapū, he kaituhituhi anaana, he aivanaa pūmanawa me te konohi ki te whakapaipai ... ka kaimātai momo, agronomist, ohanga, rōia, mataotao - a kahore he he rārangi tino o ana tūranga katoa tenei. Ehara i te rota o te hītori o katatānga mohio nga tuakiri o tenei nui!

I teie mahana, tona koioranga me oranga ako i roto i ngā kura Kazakh. I roto i tenei whenua, kua whakaaro te reira i te hero motu. Hoki tenei take, i roto i te pukapuka hītori Kazakh o tona tuakiri i oti rawa te rota o whārangi. Na, kia i roto i atu taipitopito i roto i te haurongo o tenei tangata nui.

Childhood me te taiohitanga Bukeikhanov

ka mau, me te houkuratanga o te rangatira o te iwi heke mai wahi i roto i te kainga mamao №7 Tokraunskoy pāriha rohe Karkarala o Semipalatinsk rohe (enei reira rohe Aktogai o Karaganda rohe). Ko reira e i whanau i te rima o Maehe 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, hoko i te tuatahi-whanau i te papa me te whaea.

no tona hapu ki nga uri o te Kazakh sultans o te Torus, a kakahu te taitara Chingizid Alikhan papa ki whakapehapeha. e kore te mea tino huritao pono, nui Bukeikhanov tuatapaparaa tupuna huatau. i uaua te kimi i te moni no te faufaa te utuafare.

Hiahia ki te whakarite i hoatu e tana tama, he wahi pono o te taro, i te reira ki te mau metua Alikhan Madrasah i muri i parau tuite i roto i Karkaralinsk kura hokohoko. Ko ahei o te tamaiti ke a kitea e ahau he rawakore te kounga o te whakaako, me te noa piri te kura Russian-Kazakh. I taua wa, tau e iwa anake tau ko te taitamariki Bukeikhanov.

ka haere mai tuku i roto i nga nineties o te rautau tekau ma iwa, ka ko te hanga tārere ki tonu o te rerewē Siberian me kaimahi hangarau raro i roto i te tono. i rite ratou Omsk School Hangarau, tona ākonga me ka o Genghis Khan kainga.

Otiia mahi railwayman kihai ia i faataahia. Ko te tangata taitama pūmanawa haere i runga i me whiwhi i te ohanga hokohoko i te St Petersburg Imperial Ngahere Institute. I roto i te whakarara, taukei ia te ture i te University (ano St Petersburg). Ka haere nga whakamātautau whakamutunga, haamata Alikhan Bukeikhanov pakeketanga tīrama mātauranga tangata taitama - rohe ngaio pai-i roto i mooni hou, e matau ana iwa reo. Ahakoa na ko reira mārama tangata taitama tenei kua he heke mai nui, me te kanapa e.

ngā mahi rangahau

I roto i tona ora katoa whakahaere Alikhan Bukeikhanov ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te wha haerenga rangahau me te tuhituhi e rima tekau pepa pūtaiao nui me te neke atu i te kotahi mano ngā kōrero, me te ngā tuhinga.

E rata ana matamaha ao unknown me ia, a, i te pāngarau whakaako tuatahi i te kura ahuwhenua, a ka mau ana i te ratonga uiui i roto i Omsk School Hangarau, tonu ia ki te ite i te tahi mea hou, me te ki te whakaako ia tatou iho. A i runga Bukeikhanov katoa hiahia tonu i roto i te hītori o katatānga.

Ko te tino tuatahi o nga haerenga wha hoki ia ko Roho, i roto i nei ako te pātai o whakanohonoho Russian i whenua Kazakh. I reira i muri noa i te mutunga o te ngahere Institute - i roto i te 1894. A e waru nga tau i muri mai, ka anga reira he ako o te rohe steppe - ka i ngā ano i roto i te whāiti. E ai ki te raupapa kāwanatanga, i whakaritea te kaupapa, i pūtaiao ki te tautuhi i tika whenua wātea mō ngā heke hou.

Otiia ki te konohi taitamariki whakamahi i tēnei matauranga i roto i to ratou ake ara. i kite ia katoa, ka rongo i roto i nga haerenga, a muri ka te pūtake mo ana mahi pūtaiao, me te kairīpoata, i roto i nei whakakitea te kaituhi, a whakamatauria tūranga rawakore o Kazakhs i tona whenua taketake rite ki te hua o āta kaupapa whakanohonoho o tsarism. Tenei āhua o ngā take e kore i taea e noho tau'a ore Bukeikhanov. Ratou ko ia "mate" ka nonoke ki a ia tae noa ki te mutunga o te ora.

I tua atu ki te rangahau i runga i te takotoranga pāpori-hītori, whai wāhi i roto i te Minita heke mai Pirimia o katatānga me te ōhanga, hītori rohe, te rängai agrarian, mara kararehe, me te pera i runga i. D.

te, hei tauira, i oti rawa tona mahi nui te moni ki a koraha hipi tupuranga rohe, tūtohutanga faufaa hua enei kararehe: ki te wahi, me te aha momo angitu pai atu i te kai tiaki, etc ...

Abay: ia rātau ki te mahi o te rohi pehe

ka te mōhiohio i haere Alikhan Bukeikhanov i tona whenua Kazakh taketake te turanga, ka mahi i runga i te rōrahi waru o "huihui Russian. whakaahuatanga matawhenua ki tonu o to tatou rohe. " Ehara i te mea uaua ki te imi e he kanga ïa ki katatānga tenei, a ko Bukeikhanov tetahi o nga kaituhi. I roto i tona wāhanga, ka korero ia e pā ana ki te ahurea, āhua noho, mentality me te wahi taketake o te iwi Kazakh, rite kei te kaha whakaahua mā te whakamahi i rua iwi me te mahi a te kaituhi, ngā rotarota. Alihana Bukeyhanova rawa hiahia i roto i te rotarota o tona nāianei - Abai, tona ruri "Kozy-Korpesh me Bayan Sulu" tātarihia ia i roto i tona mahi pūtaiao.

I roto i te kanohi o te kairangahau Abay ko tetahi o nga māngai pai o te pūkenga Kazakh hou, paruru te rangatiratanga o katatānga. A tamata Bukeikhanov ara katoa taea ki te haapapu i to ratou hunaonga ki a te rohipehe nui Kazakh.

Me kï reira e te reira i roto i te heke mai "whakatairangatia ana" e Abai me tona mahi ki te whakarongo whānui, hoko te piokālafi tuatahi, me te faaineine i ki tā te pukapuka o nga mahi o te rohi pehe. Otiia ki te whakaputa i te kohinga o tuhinga haukotia Bukeikhanov te hopu, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te 1905.

ahua tūmatanui Hohe

E ai ki te kōrero, e whakarato ana tatou ki te haurongo mōhiohio, Alikhan Bukeikhanov i tona tamarikitanga faaite ake hei ahua tūmatanui kaha. Rawa kite riro te reira i te ahua mo te 1893, ka he uri o Genghis Khan, he mema o ngā karapu (i tuhinga ki te ohaoha), whai wāhi i roto i te ngangaretanga, whakaritea e ngā ākonga. Ko te ka tuatahi ka whakatata te Bukeikhanov whakarongo ki te pirihimana, a ka taka ia ki te rārangi o te iwi whakaaro "tōrangapū hārakiraki."

hono Young Patriot te kaupapa whakaoranga motu o te rohe steppe me te mutunga riro tona rangatira. Ko tenei ki te whai wāhi i te whānuitanga nui ki te ngingila te whaikōrero Bukeikhanov. Ētahi to'ume'á, i te waimarie pai ki te kia hakari i tona whaikōrero, te whakatairite ratou ki nga mahi o Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, mea e he i whakaritea e ratou i roto i kore ara hoki iho ki a ratou i roto i whakaputa, me te māia.

Ko te timatanga o te mahi tōrangapū anaana

Noatia, he tangata taua he ara tika ki tōrangapū. haere ia He pakari haere tenei ara. I roto i te 1905, riro Alikhan Bukeikhanov he mema o te Ture Democratic Party (tauira hōia) me moe o te hanga rohe (Kazakh) tona tari. I te take o te pupuri i te hui i roto i te pa o Uralsk me Semipalatinsk. I roto i te taua tau i pōtitia ia kawana ki te Tuatahi State Duma o te Russian Empire.

Otiia ki te tohu i te ngākau nuitanga o Kazakhs Bukeikhanov i runga i te taumata kāwanatanga teitei kihai i ahau, no te mea rewa te Duma i tata tonu i muri i te pōtitanga. timata tutu, iu Time - ngaueue Russian tūturu pakeke. tamata kawana ki te paruru i to ratou tika na roto i te whakaputa Vyborg Manifesto tono ki te whakakore i te whakakorenga o te tsarist Duma, engari he momoho ratou mau tautooraa. I raro i te kupu, ko te ingoa o Alihana Bukeyhanova.

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, i roto i te 1905, he kaitōrangapū tuhi, i tata aru huuhuu, i hopukina hoki te wa tuatahi. I whakawakia ia o tuaiwiroa tutu ā. puta te hopu tuarua i roto i te 1908, me tenei wa kihai i taea e ia te tiki atu ngāwari mataku. whakaaro tōrangapū Alihana Bukeyhanova mahi ki te kaupapa here koroni pukuriri o tsarist Russia, whakaaro hotokore ki te haere noa, me te hono ngā whakarau ki Samara, te wahi i noho ai ia tika ki runga ki te 1917, i roto i nei i reira kua nui huringa i roto i te whenua te mana. Tenei tau hei Russia kua rerekē. 1917 aroaro tumanako Bukeikhanov e hopea e tona iwi e taea ki te riro motuhake.

Ngā kaituhi Bukeikhanov whakaaro reira he tauira pai mō te kaitōrangapū a tenei ra. Tona faitotonú karaihe me te tapatahi, tohe tamau ia, tae noa ki te manawa whakamutunga i te pupuri pono whenua taketake, me ona iwi. Ko tenei tangata tetahi o te hunga e haere ana ki tōrangapū kore hoki te whakaaro ki o painga whaiaro, engari mo te whakaaro ki o te toko i te ora tūmatanui.

he kairīpoata anaana

mahi kairīpoata me te kairīpoata - ko te, apa rawa nui motuhake i roto i te kainga tupu Alihana Bukeyhanova tenei. E matau tonu i pai e te kupu - te patu pai, tamata ia ki te whakamahi i te reira nui taea, me te pai.

I roto i te wā i 1905 ki te 1907 mahi Bukeikhanov ētita i roto i ngā nūpepa tauira hōia o Party "te reo", "Omsk" me "Irtysh". Tuhi tuhinga mātauranga mō "New Encyclopedic Dictionary". A mai 1910 mahi tata ki te moheni tuatahi Kazakh-reo "Aikap" e ngā te ora tōrangapū o te rohe, kei te maranga raruraru o te mātauranga, te rongoā, te pūtaiao, tuhituhinga, te rängai agrarian, a nui atu. Katoa e ko i runga i te ngutu o matatau intelligentsia Kazakh o te wā.

Te mori tūturu i roto i te ti'ai te o te mahara motu ko te niupepa "Kazakh", i tukua tahi Bukeikhanov ki ētahi atu tau kaha tūmatanui me kairīpoata - ko Dulatova Baitursynov. he pakeke ki te pe si◊aki te takoha o tenei tokotoru ki te whanaketanga o te tukanga manapori me te tāmau whenua i roto i katatānga.

E te ara, te nuinga o tona rauemi Alikhan Bukeikhanov whakaputaina i roto i "Kazakh" i raro i te ingoa "Tama o te steppes" ( "Kyr Balas").

Freemasonry

He he mōhiohio e tahi etahi wa Bukeikhanov ki nga kaimahi kohatu. kitea tona ingoa i roto i nga pukapuka o Kerensky, e arahina te moe Masonic "Ursa Minor" i roto i te St Petersburg.

I runga i te tika o tenei kōrero tohu ki te meka i tupu te hanganga o te rōpū Samara o Freemasons tika i muri i te hui ki Kerensky Bukeikhanov. I tua atu, kua mohiotia ai e roto i nga kaiuru o tenei kaupapa ko te nuinga o tauira hōia, i no ki te hero o tenei tuhinga.

kite te uri kaimahi kohatu o Genghis Khan runga ake hoa katoa. Tona aroha ki a ratou ki te whakamārama i te tumanako o te tokoni i roto i hoatu mana motuhake ki te Kazakhs. I roto i te tekau ma whitu o nga tau i ara whakaritea e ia upoko o te Kawanatanga Takitaro o katatānga, engari tata muri ara nga kaimahi, me te Alihana Bukeyhanova marara, rite te whakamutunga kitenga e tautoko ratou wawata o te whakahaere, e kore ia e tatari. Pēhea te kore ki te tatari hoki ia, a i nga tauira hōia o. Ki te ratou i roto i te tekau ma whitu o nga tau ka mea ia poroporoaki rawa.

Ko te rōpū "Alash": he a tawhio hou o te mahi tōrangapū

pono inoino Bukeikhanov, kihai i whatiia tona wairua. e kore te kaitōrangapū i muri i te tekau ma whitu o nga tau o te revolution whakapanga iho ringa, me te hurihia - Kei te horahanga ona parirau. Fakataha ki ana hoa, ka puta i roto i te hanganga o te niupepa "Kazakh", ngā ia he, kaha tōrangapū tino motuhake hou "Alash Orda" (Alash - he ingoa whānui mō ngā iwi katoa, e faifai ka mohiotia rite nga Kazakhs).

Ko tenei hui o mahu'inga nui hītori, me te takoto te nuinga te whakarau o katatānga hou o tenei ra. Ko te rōpū "Alash" patriots pono repupirita amui o te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, me i te ngakau o tona Māoritanga takoto he hiahia ki te whakatutuki i motuhake o katatānga rite te wahi o manapori Russia. Te whakahaere hou kaha ngā tata te tae katoa o te intelligentsia Kazakh o te wā.

ahu Alikhan Bukeikhanov te rōpū mai i töna tïmatanga. I roto i te mahi o nga ope tōrangapū i puritia reira e rave rahi Congresses, tetahi o i tupu i roto i te 1918, he hui tuatahi - te whakaaturia tuatahi āhua motuhake o Kazakhs. Na ko te kaihanga o te rōpū "Alash" te tari teitei - i te Pirimia o katatānga!

Na, nana ake me te ake ā te whawhai i roto i Russia. tau ana Country hepohepo. I te tīmatanga ordintsy Alash whawhai ki nga mua i te taha o nga Pakeha. Otira ka, i ratou te wikitoria o te Sovietí ki te whiriwhiri ki te hoariri wä o te rangimarie me te mahi tahi. Ko te matua huru "kaume'a", o te akoranga, ko ki tiaki te motuhake o te kāwanatanga fanau. I whakaaetia te reira i te taha o te whero, engari anake i runga i te pepa. I roto i te hono mo'oní, i te kau o mutunga o te kirimana mutu te Republic motuhake o katatānga ki te tīariari.

Ko te kupu, hoki te wā poto haere Alikhan Bukeikhanov te rōpū "Alash", i ko te whakamutunga o tona paetae i roto i te ao tōrangapū. Ki te taeraa mai o te mana Soviet kitea whakakake Kazakh reira e tika ana ki te whakarere i te āhua o te mahi i roto i ona ahua katoa.

Tāmitanga, me te mate Bukeikhanov

Ahakoa mahue Bukeikhanov i tōrangapū, ka kite i te kuao kāwanatanga Soviet reira rite te hoariri kino. tatatia ia te pūnaha Soviet taitamariki hou no te mea e kore ratou e faaite i te whakaaro o te Communism. tākaro ahau ki a ia kia rite ki te ngeru ki te kiore, te herea ana, ka tuku wewete.

Ko mea nui ki te whakakore i te mana o te kaiwhakarewa o te rōpū "Alash Orda" mo te teina, na he reira i roto i rua tekau-rua o nga tau o panaia whakawhitia ki Moscow, te wahi mahi ia i roto i te pūtaiao, tuhinga, ka hia kē; haapii ia i te whare wānanga. Hoki te wā o Alikhan Bukeikhanov whakaaetia "i rapae" anake i roto i te Leningrad - te wahi i tatari ano ia he mahi whakaako. Ko te wahi pai o rima nga tau "hononga" i tū i roto i te pane o te Soviet Union.

"Whakaraua" Kazakh ata me tano kohatu i runga i te mahi pūtaiao, te kohikohi pakiwaitara, ako te hītori o (te pupuri puku i roto i te pa ki hoa iwi, me te arata'i ara raro kaupapa whakaoranga motu). E tona whanonga whakaaro tino kinokore.

Otiia i roto i te toru tekau-whitu o nga tau "i kokoti a ki raro", me te kore e pera ... Noatia, kua kua he rangatira motu mua i utu a Stalin. I whitu tekau-rua o nga tau, Alihana Bukeyhanova hopukina, te whakapanga o whakawetiweti me i whiua te rua tekau-whitu o Mahuru 1937 ki te mate. I te tau matatau o te konohi tangata Kazakh ki kore e whakarongo. I mahi i te rerenga kōrero i te ra kotahi.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: whānau, me te ora whaiaro

I runga i te ora whaiaro o te ahua tōrangapū nui rawa o Kazakhstan o te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau kua mohiotia reira e kore e pera nui. Otiia ara te mōhiohio e ko, nui ki te matau - kihai i ia kapua.

I te 1901 ka moea e ia Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, ko te tamahine o te kairīpoata Yakova Sevastyanova, i mahi Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich i te whakaputanga o "koraha Region." Kua i roto i 1902, kua he tamahine Kanipa te tokorua (mana - Elizabeth). A e waru nga tau i muri mai, i roto i 1910, puta te kainga i roto i te whānau - te tama Oktay (mana - Sergei).

I roto i te waru o nga tau ohorere mate Elena Bukeikhanov me rau tana tahu, me te rua tamariki i roto i ona ringa. Otiia ko Alikhan he kaiako pai, me te whakaarahia iwi tika. haere rua ki waewae o tona papa, a ka tau pūtaiao. Tama (tama a Elizabeth) mate i runga i te kauhanga riri i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao. kihai i te rua te wa ki te marena Kazakh konohi. A i mua i te mutunga o ona ra i noho ai ia pono ohorere haere atu wahine i aroha ai.

Ko reira taa'eraa e tetahi o nga whanaunga kihai i Alihana Bukeyhanova "blacked atu." whakapehapeha kakahu kainga sultans Kazakh tona ingoa, i roto i te noa'tu o te ati ki ai ko reira mahi wehe. A, no te, i muri i te whakanohonoho o tetahi o nga irāmutu Bukeikhanov riro i roto i te pūranga "rerenga mate", ana roimata romaroma mata, me tona ngakau ki tonu i ki whakapehapeha i roto i tona whanaunga nui.

pūmahara

Ko nga whanaunga me nga hoa o te mahara o te Gazakh nui e kore anake ko Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Ko te 150 tau o tona whanautanga whakanui i tēnei tau i raro i te maru o UNESCO! āhukahuka taua he torutoru noa te whakararuraru i ki ...

E whakamaheretia te maha o ngā me kua kawea atu i te taumata motu i roto i katatānga, pera whakapehapeha me maia mau Alikhan Bukeikhanov nei motuhake. Pukapuka whakaaturanga whakatapua ki te ora o te kōrero, te whakaaturanga o te putanga pakipūmeka o mahi kohia, ngā hui, hui, me te nui, nui atu ineine uri mauruuru i roto i te mahara o te tangata e hoatu ia ki te mahi o tona iwi.