Te Pakanga o 1812. nekeneke Tarutinsky (poto)

I roto i te whawhai i reira he kahore takahanga matapōkere. Mea katoa e tupu kua ona nunu'a mamafa. Ko reira he takahanga e matemate e whakarereketia te akoranga o te hītori. nekeneke Tarutinsky o te ope Russian i roto i te pakanga 1812 - ko tetahi o aua wāhanga. Ko ia te wāhi koki tuarua, i muri i te pakanga o Borodino, a akina atu te ope o Napoleon ahau ki taui i te whāinga.

War o 1812

Russia mo ona hītori katoa-tau mano i kahore wa ki te tiaki i ratou ki hoariri e hiahia ana ki te pononga a ia. Ko te timatanga o te rau tau XIX ko kahore he okotahi. Te French Revolution, a ka haere mai ki te kaha i roto i te whenua e Napoleon Bonaparte, e karangatia ia emepera, whanaunga pahua i waenganui i nga whenua kotahi-hoa e rua. mana Russian i roto i te tangata o Alexander wehi ahau te pānga o i puta i roto i te French Revolution i te āhuatanga i roto i te Russian Empire. Otiia hopea i pahuatia nga whanaunga e kaupapa here kaitaua, i timata ahau Napoleon ki te whakapau ki nga whenua Pākehā, ngā Britain, e kua he hoa roa-tu Russia.

I roto i te mutunga, kua arahina mahi a France ki te whawhai ki a Russia, i te mea i huaina i roto i historiography Russian te whawhai o 1812 tau.

Ko te take o te pakanga patu

Na roto i te 1812, te katoa o Europa, ki te haunga o te hoariri tawhito France - i hinga Ingarangi i te ope o Napoleon. O te toenga o nga mana ao, anake tonu te Russian Empire ki te whai i tētahi kaupapa here ke motuhake kihai i e hāngai te Hiha French. I tua atu, kua mau takahi i Russia te pā continental, i takoha ki te farii i ki Ingarangi rite te huru matua o te kawenata Tilsit i waenganui i te Russian Empire me France. Kei te meinga te pā kino ki te ōhanga, he aha ka Russia te hokohoko ki Ingarangi i roto i whenua kūpapa. Heoi, e kore te mea i takahi ōkawatia nga ngā o te pā continental. i whakaiti France, otiia kihai i taea e te mautohe faaite.

Russia hoki tona kaupapa motuhake haukotia te kitenga o Napoleon i te moe o te faatîtîraa ao. Tīmata ki tona whawhai, i te whakamahere ia i roto i te pakanga tuatahi ki te whakaora i te patunga o te ope Russian, me te ka ki te arataki i nga ngā o te rangimarie ki a Alexander I.

Ko te toenga o ope

ope Russian taua i 480 ki te 500 mano iwi, a France - 600 mano. Tenei nui, kia rite ki te nuinga o kau faihisitōlia, kua taea ki te maka atu i te whakahaere o whawhai nga whenua e rua. I roto i te mau tupuraa fifi taua, i mohio e titau nei Napoleon ki te whakaoti i tetahi patunga ki te hoariri, te kaiārahi o te ope Russian i roto i nga ara, i whakaritea e te reira ki te nunumi atu i te whawhai whakatakotoria ki te hoariri. Taua tātai whakaaetia ko Alexander I.

Ko te pakanga o Borodino

e kore he ki te whai wāhi i roto i te pakanga noho ki te hoariri, i muri i te whakaekenga i Pipiri 1812 ropu o Napoleon timata ope Russian te punanga puhoi, e ngana ana ki te hono ki ia atu I muri i te mahere whakaaetia. whakahaere te reira ki te mahi tata Smolensk, te wahi tamata Napoleon kotahi ano ki te hoatu i te whawhai whakatakotoria. Otiia e kore e te tino o te Russian Army Barclay de Tolly e tukua ai, a haere atu i te pa.

I whakaritea e te whawhai noho ki te hoatu i te tūranga e te kaiārahi whiriwhiri o te ope ano. E te wa ka tangohia e whakahau o Mikhail Kutuzov ia. I whakaritea e te a'ee ki te hoatu i te Mozhaisk tata, i roto i te mara e tata ana te kainga o Borodino. Here a reira ko tetahi o te huringa tuwhena i te akoranga o te whawhai. Muri ki tenei muri nekeneke Tarutino rawa te huri i tona kōrero.

Ahakoa kihai i riro te whawhai, a ka noho taha e rua i roto i o ratou tūranga, whakapangia e ia he mate nanakia o te ope French, a ka rapu Kutuzov.

Kaunihera i roto i Fili me tuku Moscow

I muri i te pakanga o Borodino whati nga hōia Russian ki Mozhaysk. Here, i roto i te kainga o Fili, tū Kutuzov he runanga o te whawhai, e kia te whakarau o te whakapaipai Russian kua faatiti'aifarohia. Ko te nuinga o ngā āpiha nui i hoki ki te hoatu ki tetahi atu whawhai tata Moscow. Ko etahi o nga tianara i runga i te mahana tirotiro tūranga whawhai i mua nei, kaha i roto i te manakohia o te tiaki i te ope i te utu o maka ana te hoariri o Moscow. whakahau Kutuzov ki te waiho i te pane.

Tarutinsky haere-nekeneke: te rā, me te kaiwhakaari matua

Hei mahino te whīwhiwhi me te ati o te āhuatanga, he mea e tika ana ki te matau i te whai ake: e kore i mua i muri i te hinganga o te ope i kore tonu ki te whawhai i te pane. Napoleon i mua i te mutunga kihai i whakapono e kore e te mate o Moscow faahepo ki te whiriwhiri Alexander I. Ko Russia tahuri ki te whakapaipai hoariri kahore ki te ngaro i, te auraa te mate o te ope te hinga whakamutunga.

i faufaa ki te tangohia i te whawhai whakatakotoria hoariri hōia a Napoleon i te tīmatanga o te pakanga Russian. i te feia faatere o te ope Russian ona pai ki te karo i reira, a tae noa i taurite nga ope.

Kati i runga i te 14 o Mahuru (Kāhua New) i Moscow te ope, ka tono Field Marshal reira e te ara Ryazan, te tuatahi ki te kainga o Whero Pakhra, a muri whiriwhiria te wāhi o te kainga ope Tarutino. Hea nga hōia Russian ahakoa poto, engari e hiahia ana ratou he okiokinga. Te wā kotahi i reira ko tetahi supply o kai ki te ope, me te tūao.

mahere kakama Kutuzov

He aha i te faanahoraa a Kutuzov? Tarutino nekeneke, tona tīmatanga rā - 17 Mahuru, me mutunga - Oketopa 3, i ki whakapoauau Napoleon, ka hoatu te wa ope Russian ki okioki. I matou ki te huna i to ratou wāhi i te hoariri. I roto i te whakatinanatanga o tenei mahere i tauturu nga kaitiaki muri Russian me nga mua. Ka taea te whakarāpopoto Tarutino nekeneke e whai ake.

14 Mahuru, i roto i te ahiahi, i te mea kua tomo kua ope a Napoleon Moscow, te whakamutunga o nga hoia Russian raro i te whakahau a General Miloradovich reira tika i mahue. I roto i taua huru oraraa, ko te Vanguard o te eke hoiho French whaia e ngā hōia Russian ki te huna ratou nekehanga.

arahina Kutuzov he ope i runga i te ara Ryazan, engari ka whakahau ki te tahuri i runga i te Kaluga tawhito. Here a rere he mahere ki te huna i te ope Russian o Napoleon - rongonui nekeneke Kutuzov Tarutino. hipoki te wehenga atu o te huarahi hou, me te whakawhitinga o te awa Moscow te hiku kaitiaki o kaieke hoiho i raro i te whakahau o tianara Vasilchikova, Rajewski ko Miloradovich. Hoki whiti te ope Russian aru te French Five and Seven. mahue hōia Russian rua tīwae.

I muri whiti whakatere te ope te nekehanga, ka whawhati atu i te French. Ko te paahitanga o te whakamutunga ki te whare Rajewski tahuna piriti katoa whiti. Heoi Mahuru 17 i pai whakarewahia Tarutinsky nekeneke o te ope Russian.

cover mahi

Whatiia atu i te whai o te French Five and Seven kihai i nui. Napoleon hohoro i muri ka tonoa tona taenga i Moscow i rapu o tona Russian pai Army Marshal Murat. hiku Russian Rajewski ko Miloradovich ko Cossack waeine hanga taui visibility ope ki Ryazan, haavare Napoleon. muri ratou mo te torutoru nga ra utu nui ki Kutuzov disorient te French i te wāhi o te ope Russian. I roto i tenei wa pai tae ia te kainga o Tarutino, a tu ana i reira mo te hararei camping. Na ka tīrama mohio ai mahere Kutuzov.

Ua tauturu hipokina te taui o te ope, me te peasants o nga kainga a tawhio noa. whakaritea ratou rōpū pakanga, me te tahi ki nga Cossacks patua te Vanguard French, he patu nui kino.

Tarutino whawhai

Fatata e rua wiki, e kore Napoleon i mohio ki nga hea o te ope Russian, tae noa kihai i whakaatu mai i te wāhi o te tinana o Murat. I whakamahia tenei wa ki te painga mōrahi. riro Warriors he tau faafaaearaa roa-tatari, i whakaritea supply kai, tae whakakī hou. Tula riro patu hou, me te toenga o te kawanatanga i te tikanga o te rangatira i roto i te tino mahi homai kākahu hotoke mo te ope.

I te wa ano te ope hipoki Kutuzov ara i roto i nga kawanatanga tonga taonga ko Tula, me tona ahumahi hōia. Kei roto i te muri o te ope French, i te hanga Kutuzov he riri nui.

ko te ope a Napoleon i Moscow i roto i tenei mahanga. Ko te ara ki te kawanatanga taonga tonga hipoki kaha, te ope Russian, me te whakapaipai kei te mau ati-ngohi te kōaro o mua me peasants.

Mahuru 24, kitea Murat te wāhi o te ope Russian, a kihai tu matara atu i tona puni mō mātakitaki i runga i te awa Chernishne. Ko te maha o tona ope e pā ana ki 27,000 iwi.

I roto i te tīmatanga o Oketopa, tamata Napoleon ki te tomo ki whiriwhiringa ki Kutuzov, engari kihai ia i te reira. I whakaritea e te reira ki te patu i te rōpū o Murat, no te mea, i rite ki nga pūrongo o te guerrillas, i ia kahore ngā. Oketopa 18 te puni French i ohorere whakaekea e ngā hōia Russian. Fully rahua ope Murat ki te hinga, te whakahaere ia ki te whakarite i te taui. Otiia whakakitea Tarutino whawhai e riro te ope Russian kua kaha, me te inaianei tohu he riri nui ki te hoariri.

Te tikanga Tarutino haere

Tarutino nekeneke i roto i 1812, tīrama hapu me tīrama mohio Kutuzov te whakamahi i ana tianara me rangatira, i tino hira ki te hinga i te rawaho. He whakahaere ki te wahi i atu i te hoariri, me te toa i te wiki torutoru, i hiahiatia okiokinga hōia Russian, i whakapumautia te supply o ringa, kai me kākahu. Ano, te ope he rahui hou, moni ki neke atu i te 100 mano iwi.

e kore e whakaaetia tauwāhi Ideal tīpakohia puni Russian ki te haere i runga i te ino ki Napoleon, ka takoha ki te waiho i te ope French haere te ara tawhito Smolensk e arahina roto i te rohe tino pahua.