Kaumatua me te whare Hinota i roto i St Petersburg: arotake, ngā whakaahuatanga, hītori me te kaihoahoa

Ko tētahi o nga fakatupu hoahoanga mīharo o te whakapaipai Northern whakaaro te ki hei te whare o te kaumatua me te Hinota. I roto i te St. Petersburg, maha whare whakamiharo, Heoi ko te kaupapa nui whakamutunga o te kaihoahoa rongonui hei Rossi kua he tohu o te mutunga o Classicism tenei.

tirohanga

I roto i te meka, ehara i te mea kotahi, engari e rua whare, e kua piri nei i raro i tetahi ingoa - te hanga o te kaumatua me te Hinota. I roto i te St. Petersburg, i mua i te rua āhua mana whakahaere o te Russian Empire i roto i te whare o te Tino Ahuru Ma Piti Colleges. Heoi, i muri i te hanganga o te Admiralty i 1823 te whare tawhito kore tuhituhi reta ki te titiro hou, kua riro nei i te rohe Senatorial. He he he hiahia akiaki mo tona hangaia anō. Ko te aha i roto i 1824 i kauwhautia he whakataetae mo te kaupapa, i roto i nei whakaritea ki te hanga i te whare hou o te kaumatua me te Hinota.

I roto i te St. Petersburg, whakatakotoria te kohatu tuatahi i roto i te hanganga o te 24 Akuhata 1829. I te tuatahi i timata matou ki te hanga i hanga te tikanga mo te kaumatua, me te tau i muri mai tīmata me ki te Hinota o te hanganga. oti Construction i roto i 1834. Ko te kaihoahoa o te whare o te kaumatua me te Hinota - Karl Ivanovich Rossi. mahi Construction i runga i tona kaupapa arahina e Alexander Shtaubert.

Prehistory

I te tīmatanga, ko te pae o te whare hawhe-rākau kaumatua me Hinota kei nāianei, puritia e Alexander Menshikov, a muri - he fare, e te mana Kusovnikova wahine a te kaihokohoko. I tana nehenehe roa nui Prince i whakama, ka whakawhitia tona whenua i runga i te awa Neva ki te kainga o te tumuaki-tumuaki A. I. Ostermana. Etahi wa i muri mai, i roto i 1744, ka whakaaetia te hanganga i te Elizabeth A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. toe langa tumuaki reira, ua faaue te kaihoahoa A. Vista ki te hanga i te whare i roto i te kāhua Baroque.

I roto i te 1763, ka kake te torona Catherine II, i whakawhitia te hanganga ki te Treasury. I roto i tenei whare oho tata tonu ki te kaumatua. Mai 1780 ki te 1790 i roto i te hanganga o te Baroque Bestuzhev-Ryumin i whakahou ano reira: ka facades te maimoatanga hoahoanga hou, angamaheni o Classicism Russian.

Ingoa o te kaituhi whakamutunga o te kaupapa, i roto i nei kawea anō o te whare i waho, e kore e mohiotia hoki etahi. Heoi, te whakawa i ora i roto i te Academy of Fine Arts Museum tuhinga kohinga o te paruru te hauauru, pau te kaihoahoa te whakawhanake I.Starov.

History o hanga

A, no te i roto i 1823 oti te kaihoahoa Zakharov te rahi whare Admiralty, i reira ko te hiahia ki te whakaahua ke i te wāhi pokapū e toru o te whakapaipai Northern: kaumatua (inaianei Decembrists), te Palace me te Admiralty, te wahi i whakatakotoria te Alexander Garden i roto i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa. vai kē Making i taua wa i te kāinga, i noho te kaumatua, e kore te whakatau i te reira-tauine, me te hoahoanga whānui me te nui o te pokapū pa. A, no te mea e hiahiatia ana i te reira hangaia anō.

Tona tikanga o te emepera, a ka i runga i te torona ko Nicholas ahau, ka anga hanga he whare hou mō te kaumatua i runga i te whakapakoko kotahi, ki te whare General kaimahi, te kaumatua, te Hinota i roto i St Petersburg kawea atu i roto i te otinga hoahoanga kotahi. Na reira, ki te kaihokohoko whare whakamutunga i hokona Kusovnikovoy. A i te wahi o te whare kua whakaritea e Bestuzhev-Ryumin ki hanga te whare o te kaumatua.

Tīpakonga kaupapa

I te 1828 i kauwhautia te whakataetae. I tae te reira e Vasily Stasov, Pol Zhako, kapakara Shustov, Vasily Glinka me, o te akoranga, Russia. Kaumatua a Hinota whare i roto i te whakataetae tuhi i te momo o rongoā. Hei tauira, tapaea Jaco ki te hanga tetahi whare noa, e pai kia rite te taiwhanga Louvre, i whakaritea Stas ki hanga noa te whare mua o Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Rossi hanga ano he kaupapa o rua pourewa me tūhono ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi hoahoa kikorangi. A ko reira pera tenei ra kite tatou i te whare o te kaumatua me te Hinota.

Kaihoahoa me te toi

Tekau ma waru o Pepuere 1829 i whakaaetia te kaupapa e Rossi. Ko te mahi matua o te kaihoahoa ko ki te hoatu i te whare i te huru e hāngai ana ki te wāhi nui ki runga i tu reira. Kua i te mutunga o Akuhata te whakapanga nui o te whare, i mahara ki te whakahaere i te kaumatua. Ko te turanga o te whare whakatakotoria he papa maharatanga e paruru tuhi whakaaetia e te Kingi, puritia e Carlo Rossi. I whakaritea ano hoki Kaihanga tetahi atu kaihoahoa rongonui - A. Shtaubert. Ano, rite tonu ki te kaupapa, tenei whare ko ngā rawa pararopi te taiepa, me te tiaki i i te kāinga Bestuzhev-Rumin. A i August 1830, i muri te whakahaere ki te hoko i te Kusovnikovoy whare ki te takotoranga moni kāwanatanga, ka anga te hanga o te Hinota o te whare i roto i tona wahi

I roto i te Hōngongoi, 1831 Emperor Nicholas whakaaetia e ahau te kaupapa, me te whakapaipai whakairo. I roto i tenei take, i homai he tohu motuhake i whakaaturia ana te tau e kore e "tupu", me te nohoanga. I tua atu, i ratou ki kia hoatu i roto i te kakahu tawhito, hei tauira, i roto i te toga, ka tango i nga tohu katoa me inscriptions i runga i nga pukapuka.

Rehitatanga whakairo e te torutoru noa toi - S. Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky ki P. Sokolov, āwhina e N. Tokarev ko P. mata me ētahi atu. I hanga Ustinov i toi e hāngai ana i roto i te ruma, tuatahi i runga i te whakapakoko i mahue o "Tuí". Sokolov whakairo "karakia" me te Pimenov - te "Ture" me "Justice".

E hanga e te ringa Torricelli Capitals me kopare raiona, me te te tahi atu tūemi whakapaipai. Kei te hanganga whakairo kei roto i te tuanui, me te te "geniuses" pukapuka ture mahi maka Demuth-Malinovsky parahi wheketere Byrd.

hanga

Hoatu te aroaro o kaihoahoa me kaihanga te mahi o hoatu te whare te huru o te kaumatua rite ki te nui o te kaumatua Square, kua faatiti'aifarohia ki mohio nui, me te ki te tikanga pū o te tauine. Ko te paruru, o te roa nui nui ki te tiki Russia kaituhi o te kaupapa ki te whakapiki ake i te tiketike o whare ki runga ki maro waru me te hawhe. Me mea e ahau e te tahi atu whare o te Admiralty tino raro atu i te whare o te kaumatua - na rite nui rite e rua rau me te tekau henimita. I roto i te tīmatanga o Oketopa 1832 i mutu nga mahi hanga, me tonu timata roto o ngā whare e rua. I roto i te Hui-tanguru te tau i muri mai mahia fakatāutaha te kingi whakaurunga tirohanga. A i roto i te 1934, i te mutunga oti te whare.

āhuatanga

Ko te pokapū o te hanganga kātakí, niao i te tauine grandiose me faufaa o te kaumatua Square, ua faaoti Rossi ki te hanga i te kikorangi mīharo, maka ki runga ki Galernaya huarahi. hononga te reira i te whare e rua ki te matatini hoahoanga kotahi. Hoki tona rēhitatanga Karl Ivanovich whakamahia tetahi o ratou rite whakaaro i mua, engari e kore e whakatinana e te kikorangi o kōwhiringa whakaratohia ki te General kaimahi. Tenei otinga hoahoanga tukatuka kaihoahoa hāngai whanui tino iti i roto i ngā tohutohu. I roto i tenei take, kua tino ora taua te āhua tūturu o te hanganga o te kaihoahoa ikuna.

kikorangi

whakauru ana te reira i te whare o te kaumatua me te Hinota, a ka oti te whakairo kei roto i te tuanui o te maha-atamira. "Ko te tika me te karakia", ara te pera-ka karanga kamura Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky ko AP Sokolov, tohu te kotahitanga o nga mana e rua - te hahi, me te fakamāmaní. Runga ake tenei hanganga kaiwhakairo mahi hoki e pā ana ki te tau. I tua atu ki a ia, i runga i te kikorangi, ko te ahua kei te tāuta tonu, whakarite aua tikanga 'geniuses e pupuri i te ture ".

I te tuanui taua e toru pati-manawa - ". Ture tūturu" "ture tivira", "ture o te Atua" me rite Tino ngā ki o ratou wāhi. I roto i te pokapū, tika i runga i te kikorangi, ia titirohia i pati-ka karanga auhia nui "ture tivira." I roto i te whakapakoko e wātea ana i runga taua mea, patu busts o Pita te nui me Catherine II.

whakaahuatanga

Kua whakaratohia i roto i ngā o toru-papa tapawhā me marae - te kaihoahoa o nga whare kaumatua me Hinota - Russia. Extraordinarily aramuka ataahua, me te ta ki rōnaki i hanga o ofa'i, whakapaipai i te tomokanga. Koinei hanga taonga marama me te atarangi pānga e te whakarerekētanga o kohuki wahi i runga i te facades o whare me niches. Ko te rota o te tauturu, a maha moldings tenei.

Hinota te kōkiri a whare anga e rua te po des Anglais, me te mua kaumatua Square. I roto i te whānui, tohunga whakapono he hoahoa hoahoanga rawa ngā o tenei wahi o te whare. Ko tōna kokonga porotaka. Kei te whakapaipai ki nga Parapara rahi, whakaarahia ki runga ake i te papa tuatahi, ka kohia e waru pou o te tikanga no Korinetia, he ānau ngawari oti nei te, i rite ki nga kaituhi o te kaupapa ka marere atu tuanui. Tenei otinga hoahoanga whakamiharo raina haamaitai te po des Anglais, hoatu ana e ia he titiro taonga.

No iti ngā Ko tona hoahoa, me te Room Conference mua i roto i te whare kaumatua, nga taiepa o e whakapaipai ki caryatids me pou o stucco, me te te arai, e hanga artist peita B. Medici. I roto i te waenganui ko te torona hokowhitu ki te wereweti whero kanapa.

i muri i te revolution

I roto i te 1919, whakakahoretia te kaumatua me Hinota. Mai 1925 kei te Central Historical Archives i roto i te whare. I roto i te 1936, ka timata te hanga o te kaumatua me te Hinota ki te whakahoki, ka kua whakahokia facades, me whakairo, me te tau i muri mai ka timata ki te whakahou i te waitohu e'a rahi. I roto i te whawhai, kua oti te whare e rua patua pakeke. ka ratou i te matā pū torutoru e meinga kino taimaha ki whare. Tata i tino whakangaromia hahi synodal.

Ko te mahi faaho'iraa mai tīmata i roto i te raumati o te 1944 - i mua i te mutunga o te pakanga. I roto i te 2006, oho nga Archives Historical, a ka tukuna te whare o te kaumatua me te Hinota ki te Kooti Ture o te Russian Federation. I teie mahana, i reira te mea he Presidential Library.

te reira ngā

Whakawa i nga tuhinga, te hoko o te kaihoko fare utu Kusovnikovoy te taonga o te kingi i roto i te nui ta'ehanotatau o te wā - e ono rau mano, i roto i 1796-m wahi i aromatawaitia tika whitu me te hawhe mano. Te hostess, proznav e i roto i ka hangaia wahi o tona whare hanga o te Hinota faaoti ki Jack ake te utu, i roto i te tua ki te tapeke o te utu whakapati, me ngā maha rangatira.

I te mahi i runga i te waiata "Ko te tika me te karakia pai," ka mate te toi o te whare o te kaumatua me te Hinota Pimenov. I oti tona mahi i tana tama.