Kaimahi kaiheke - ko wai te mea tenei? E hia te āheinga kaimahi i roto i Russia?

kaimahi kaiheke - he manene mahi mo te mahi rangitahi. ahu te kupu i German me mooni whakamāoritanga rite "te āheinga-kaimahi". I roto i Russia, he reira hāngai, me te mohio a maha e te iwi me te mea he 'uhinga kino. I roto i to tatou whenua hei te ariā o "kaimahi te āheinga" Kua whānui mai i te mutunga o nga 1990, tuatahi i roto i nga pāpāho, a ka i roto i te kōrero.

History o te wā

I roto i te German, tapa te kupu i ki te whakakapi "fremdarbaytery" ariā, i huaina i roto i te wa Nasí i kawea te iwi ki a Germany mo takoha. ko kowaiwai o te connotation kino tūturu i roto i te tawhito te wā hou, a ka i he tikanga paku rerekē. I roto i te māramatanga o nga kaimahi i te āheinga Tiamana - he kaimahi tūao i te aniraa o te kāwanatanga German ki te haere ki te whenua i roto i te tikanga ki te mahi.

I roto i Russian, ka whakamahia te kupu tuatahi, me te reo i runga i te haupū tuarua (kāhua Tiamana), engari neke muri te aronga ki tetahi haupū ofi ki te mutunga. I roto i nga Kihi kihai i reira te rere o manene, pera i roto i Germany, ka karanga nga mau titauraa kāwanatanga, na ka mohio te wā kei te ho'i. Pinepine, e taea te kite i roto i te pāpāho hiko hanga ngahau o te toro kaimahi ataata me ngā whakaahua. whakaaro kaimahi manene i roto i nga Kihi te tono kohukohu ki a ratou o tenei ariā.

Kaiwhakarato o kaimahi kaiheke

I roto i te ngā whānui, kaimahi kaiheke - he i nga whenua e te hunga i te rawakore i roto i ngā ōhanga. He cheap ratou, engari i te kotahi wā te nuinga o te ope mahi kuware ratou. I mua i roto i Europe, kaituku o kaimahi ke ko Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia, Italy, Poland, te Yugoslavia mua (anake Slovenia), Spain, Portugal, Ireland.

I tēnei wā, ko te wahi nui rawa o te katoa maha o manene i roto i nga whenua Kihi ko Tajik, Ukrainian, Hainamana, kaimahi kaiheke Uzbek, me te manene i Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Moldova, India. I roto i Europe, te rangatira Kihi i te maha tino o manene, a i roto i te ao i runga i tenei tohu e homai anake te United States, te wahi e te nuinga kaimahi manene Mekisikoú me ētahi atu māngai American Latin. Ko te wahi tuatoru i roto i te maha o ngā kaimahi ke ko Germany, te wahi i nga Turkey haere e Tuini, ahakoa i roto i te heke mai e tata ana i tenei tūranga kia tango ai i runga i Spain, te wahi te nuinga o nga kaimahi manene e Arapi ki te reo Roma Ameliká.

kaimahi manene i roto i Russia

Hoki i roto i 1970-1980-doma i roto i te USSR ka tangata Vietnamese pehu wāhi ki te mahi i roto i te Moscow wheketere ZIL me AZLK. Ki te a ratou he wha me shestigodichnye kirimana e kore e taea te poroa e te kaimahi. mahi te Vietnamese i te whakapono pai, whakauaua inu waipiro, me te kaha hokona taonga kiritaki Soviet, he kore tono i te taupori rohe. A, no te hinga te Soviet Union, a haere kaihau wheketere, kua mahue maha kaimahi mo te Kihi, ka anga ki te mahi hetia. Ko reira, kua karangatia e kahore tetahi kaimahi manene ratou. haere mai tenei wā nui i muri, ka, i muri i te 2003-2004. waiho Russia kua he mooni i roto i te āhuatanga o te mahi hekenga rere i Central Asia.

ite kaimahi te āheinga Russian tino noa i roto i te hononga ki te whakatamarikitanga o ture hou i roto i 2007, nui whakamāmā i te tukanga mō te rēhita poto i roto i te whenua o nga tangata ke nei i haere mai hoki te whakaaro o te mahi. Ēnei innovations pāngia te nuinga manene i whenua ki i te Russian Federation kua he tikanga uruwhenua-free. Ka rite ki te hua o enei ngā te maha o nga tangata ke ture mahi i roto i Russia, kua nui haere FMS rua ki te toru nga wa.

Kia pehea te maha kaimahi te āheinga i roto i Russia

Ka rite ki o Hakihea 2014 i runga i te rohe o to matou whenua, kia rite ki te kōrero e wātea ana ki te Federal Hekenga Ratonga, i reira nga 11.07 miriona tangata ke. Katoa tau i roto i Russia mai a tawhio noa 1.3 miriona kaimahi kaiheke ki te mahi ture, engari kei te mahi tetahi wahi 2.5 miriona iwi hetia. He tukua e te noho ranei i te tukua e te noho rangitahi tau riro e pā ana ki 450 mano. Tangata ke. Na ka taea e koe whakaaro pēhea te maha kaimahi te āheinga i roto i Russia! Ko te kaituku matua o te mahi i roto i to tatou whenua - ko Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova.

ngaio Paraimere

kaimahi manene i roto i Russia kua hanga e te ahua o te kaihe i te momo o te mahi whakamana. Ko te kupu, i te wā o raro he manene whai wāhi i roto i te tangata ware i roto i te mahi taimaha tinana: keri awarua, rua keri, rauemi whāwhā. Kaimahi kohatu, kaipeita, tito i, e whakaaro tilers kaimahi atu mohio. He pai-utua kaimahi manene - welders me electricians reira.

I roto i te whānui, i te mahi o kaimahi kaiheke painga utua, paru, me te pakeke. E mea pinepine manene i haere ki te mahi i roto i to ratou mau utuafare e anake nga taata paturu, a ko to ratou utu i te kāinga e rave rahi mau taime raro atu i roto i Russia. Jobs e tango kaimahi kaiheke, e kore e te taupori rohe meinga moni no te mea o te moni iti me te tikanga taimaha mahi. I roto i Moscow anake, kia rite ki te Federal Ratonga Hekenga i 2013, i reira e 800 mano. Kaimahi kaiheke, ahakoa mea tohunga motuhake e te nui hoohonutanga tenei ahua, me nga kaimahi manene i roto i te pane, e pā ana ki 2 miriona iwi.

Ko te huru o te hapori

I te kaimahi ke i roto i Russia huri te maha o ngā tirohanga rerekē. Ko te tirohanga anö e kaimahi kaiheke - iwi rawakore, me te meapango, kua takoha e ora huru ki imi i te moni paru, taimaha, mahi kore-whaimana. ora ratou rite pinono ai, i roto i ngā āhuatanga taehae, e mate ana i te kore te whiwhi ratou taiao pāpori kino, mamae whakaitinga me te huru kaitaua. whakapono mua e kaimahi manene he tangata o te taumata hinengaro, me te ahurea iti, a reira e taea mau tikanga pakeke o te ora, me te mahi. tangata Russian pana mohio rawakore o kaimahi ke Russian, e fakafaingata'a'ia'i te tukanga o te kōrero, slovenliness waho, me te tuwhera whakaaturanga o te kore o te tikanga. Heoi, whakanui etahi mua pai pūkenga kōrero o kaimahi manene. Ki te whakaaro ki te whiwhi raraunga Russian e manene, i reira e tino rerekē whakaaro.

I roto i te mutunga

kaimahi te āheinga i roto i Russia huaina "Dzhamshuta", "chocks", "Tajik". E whaia ana e ratou e skinheads, ratou kaitukumahi tinihanga, e kore e kai ratou, ka moe i te iti, engari i te wa ano hoki i te pene mahi i te mahi dirtiest me pakeke. I roto i te kainga tawhiti i roto i te Uzbekistan nui, Kazakhstan ko Tajikistan, kahore o ratou faingamālie ki te whiwhi, ka ki te whangai io ratou hapu, haere ratou ki roto ki to tatou "pōwhiri" Russia me te mahi pai matou hoki. kitea tokomaha mua reira uaua ki te whakahoki i te pātai o te mea ki kaimahi manene i te nui: painga kino ranei. Ko tenei tino pātai taupatupatu, engari i roto i tetahi take e kore e tatou tukua whakatoihara iwi me korero e pā ana ki ngā kaimahi manene hahani, me te kino.