Kaiwhakatangi putorino - he haereere noa pehe-kaiwaiata

Ko te kupu "kaiwhakatangi" mai i te ministerialis Latin, e whakamāoritanga rite "pononga". Heoi, ka rite ki matau tatou i te reira i te tikanga tino rerekē: te rohi pehe-kaiwhakatangitangi, he kaipaowe serenades kaiwaiata, me ētahi atu

Te tikanga o te kupu "kaiwhakatangi"

Te uara tapeke. huaina ana tēnei wā ko te rohi pehe-kaiwaiata, tane kore anake, engari ano hoki wahine. I roto i te poto, i roto i te putorino tikanga whānui - he kaiwaiata ngaio i roto i te wharekarakia Europe mai te rau tau XII (te wā o te tīmatanga o te Renaissance). roaa ratou ratou ora ki to ratou waiata me te tākaro ngā mea whakatangi, kahore waiata. Ko te tata i roto i te uara ki taua kupu ko te jongleur wā Wīwī (popo o). tukinotia Rerekē to tatou māramatanga mua o reira ko rite te "hako", "kaiwhakahaere takahanga". Ko kore te kaiwhakatangitangi anake, engari ano hoki he Acrobat, hangareka, pakiwaitara, makutu, me ētahi atu Ko te mahi o taua toi i korerotia, na tuhinga waiata kaiwhakatangi putorino tata kihai i ora. kau muimui Modern o tamata i roto i tetahi ara ki te waihanga ratou mahi, e hāngai ana i runga i te taunakitanga tuhituhi, me te iconographic.

Wharekarakia tikanga. E ai ki tenei tikanga, nga kaiwhakatangi putorino - tenei rohi pehe-kaiwaiata, i tuhituhia i roto i te tuhinga whaiāipo o te rau tau XIX.

māramatanga Modern (mai rautau XX). Na ka karanga kaiwaiata, kaitito, e mahi waiata taketake. Ka taea e kia ratou e rua ngaio me amateurs.

kōrero

puta kaiwhakatangi putorino i roto i te rau tau XII i te kawanatanga o Provence (France). I runga i nga ara o nga pa, me nga kainga i taea te kite e pohehe ana kaiwaiata, me kaitito nei waiata waiata i tito e ratou, ka haere tahi ia ia ki runga ki tetahi mea. huaina ēnei troubadours i troubadours. Tenei ingoa whakamaoritia te i Provençal reo rite "te toi o te tuhituhi."

E ai ki ngā puna, roaa pai te kaiwaiata-kopikopiko. Ko ratou rongonui i roto i te iwi noa, me te i roto i te ariki feudal. Ki te ko te waiata ki te oa o te grandee, kei te nuinga o te wā aroha i homai e ia kaiwhakatangitangi. tohungia hoki Kirirarau kahore he kaiwaiata utu mo te pai.

I muri i te 100 tau o te troubadours kaiwhakatangi putorino whakaingoatia. Heoi, na ka karanga kaitito kore anake, kaiwaiata, ko te ongo fakatokoua katoa o haereere noa toi :. Dancers, kaiwaiata, jugglers, etc. Ko, i roto i te putorino wharekarakia he mahara ki - kaihaka haereere katoa, kahore he mea he aha te ahua o te toi i ratou.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, ko te tikanga tuatahi o te kupu - he pononga i roto i te mahi. Otiia, i roto i te rau tau XIII, tuku te wā ki te artist noa, kihai i nei i roto i te mahi o te tangata. haere ratou katoa i runga i Europe, i runga i hararei i roto i te wāhi ngā, me kua tutaki tonu ratou ahua i te kāinga ki te ngakau.

I roto i Germany, rawa, i haereere noa kaiwaiata, engari kua huaina ratou konei minnesingers - kaiwaiata aroha. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, i reira te mea he rerekētanga i te tikanga Latin, rite ki nei nga kaiwhakatangi putorino - he pononga.

He aha kaiwhakatangi putorino waiata?

waiata ratou waiata e pā ana ki nga mea katoa: e pā ana ki kaupapa ope, me o te aroha, me te tinihanga, a ka e pā ana ki te toa, me te kingi whakaaro nui. Na roto i te momo, tukinotia ano kaiwhakatangi putorino kawenga pastorals. Enei mahi i huahua waiata whaiāipo o te ora o noho tuawhenua, rawa nga hepara, me shepherdesses. Heoi, ko te kaupapa matua o te waiata i mana'o rangatira, me te fakamātoato kaiaka ki tona ataahua wahine.

hurihuri

I teie mahana, e karangatia hoki etahi kaiwaiata "kaiwhakatangi hapa". "Ko wai te mea e?" - he pono ui etahi uninitiated. waihanga hoki Minstrels Modern waiata, me te mahi ia ratou ratou. no enei toi ki te subculture ngā. I muri i te whati roa (3-4 rau), ka mohiotia etahi bards kaiwaiata rite kaiwhakatangi putorino i roto i te 1960. A i 1979 ki te parariraa o te USSR tenei kupu huaina Moscow niupepa i runga kaupapa. I muri mai i hanga te reira i te motini tūranga, me nga kaiuru katoa, te hunga i ana ki a ia, i huaina kaiwhakatangi putorino.