Liberalism - ako tenei o te haere noa

Liberalism - Ko reira he kaupapa pāpori, me te pāpori-tōrangapū whakaako, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te uara o te haere noa te tangata i ao katoa o te ora (te pae varua, ōhanga, tōrangapū, me ētahi atu).

Mua, Kua whakaaro ohaoha e pā ana ki te huru tangata ki te taonga, e whakatau ratou mana pāpori , me te nui riro ratou hua pāpori taea.

Nga whakaaro tuatahi, i whakakitea iho liberalism - reira whakaaro Antiquity kau taki. Tuatahi o te katoa, te whakaako o Socrates te kāwanatanga ataahua. I muri whakawhanakehia Toika Roma te whakaaro o te āhua tangata ao a whakatakoto marôraa o haere noa i te pae varua i roto o te tangata, me te ture tūturu.

Kua ngā ēnei whakaaro tokanga makehe o mau philosopho o 17-18 tenetere. Ko nga whakaaro o Descartes, Spinoza, ko Milton i te āhua o te tangata, ano he oranga kouma, me te pāpori, te āhua, te karakia, me te tika ki te riro i te pūtake wä mo te whanaketanga atu o te liberalism Pākehā.

Nui mo taua te awe te waihanga mārama o te mau marôraa mana'o me ngā whakaaro e kawea liberalism - he kaupapa Porotetani-whakahou. Ko tōna māngai i te whakaritenga o te iwi katoa te tika o te haere noa o te karakia. I roto i tenei wā, ka timata te mana o te karakia ki te haaparuparu.

Ki te whanaketanga o te production capitalist me te tino pokea ana o te matauranga pūtaiao, ka anga whanaunga feudal i roto i Ingarangi me France ki ma'ihia tere. āta, ka nga mau haamaitairaa o te kāhui iti ake i hanga te piha haapiiraa pāpori hou - te bourgeoisie. Kua arahina tenei katoa ki te kotuituitanga o te Māoritanga hou, i āhuatanga e tona pūnaha o uara. whakaurua roto ratou, i ka mohiotia rite "liberalism".

I āhuatanga tēnei wā i te meka i kite whakaaro te riri matua ki te haere noa te tangata i roto i te mata o te kāwanatanga. timata hiro'a tōrangapū o te liberalism ki te mau parau tumu pērā i te hiahia mō te kāwanatanga ture e hāngai ana i runga i te wehenga o mana ki matua,-ture me te manga ture; whakaute mō ngā tika tangata here ki te haere noa o te karakia, whakapuaki, feohi i te whakahaere o te āhua tōrangapū.

i matau haere noa te kore rite te tino, engari kia rite ki ha faingamālie ki te whakaaro noa, ki te whiriwhiri i te karakia, ki te whakapuaki i whakaaro whaiaro, ki te whakakotahi i te rōpū, ngā i roto i te hokohoko, te whiriwhiri i nga rangatira, me te tārai i gosustroystva.

puta te wā i muri i te wā tuatahi i roto i Spain i 1812, ka karanga nga Rīpera te uniana o te iwi nei rite te kuputuhi o te kaupapa ture.

I roto i Europe, e pā ana te liberalism puāwaitanga te ki nga whakaaro o economists tōrangapū English nei whakawhanakehia te whakaaro e kia kia noa i pokanoa kāwanatanga te ōhanga. Ka rite ki te aronga o te whakaaro taumauri, taunaki liberalism te whanaketanga o te kaupapa takitahi. I roto i te āhuatanga ōhanga o ona whakaaro tika ai te hiahia mō te hokohoko free, utu, utu, i ngā he huinga i waenganui i a ratou ki te whakaongaonga whakataetae i waenganui i ngä takitahi i roto i te mākete.

Liberalism - e kore te mea te reira noa te nāianei hinengaro. I roto i te ara maha, e te mea tika atu ki te karanga i te parau haapiiraa ōhanga, oraraa totiare, me te taumauri.

E ai ki nga whakaaro o Rousseau ko Locke, te tangata kua he tika taiao ki te tikanga herekore, e me te tiaki i te āhua. Kaiwhakahau o enei whakaaro ko Hume, Kant, Franklin, Jefferson, Condorcet, Montesquieu me etahi atu. kitea ēnei whakaaro i roto i te Whakapuakanga o Independence o te United States i 1776, te Whakapuakanga o ngā Tika Tangata o 1789 me te Whakapuakanga o ngā Tika Tangata Universal.

Kei te tata hono Liberalism me neo-liberalism ki o ratou kai matua. whakawhanakehia whakamutunga whakaaro i roto i te ohaoha me te rapunga whakaaro i te tau 1930.