Huakita Gram-pai, me te karamu-tōraro

Ko Koinei kanorau, me te rawa taonga te ao o huakita. E kitea ratou wahi katoa: i roto i te rangi, te oneone, i runga i te kiri tangata, ona mucous. I raro i etahi huru, hei kino ki te tangata te huakita, meinga mate nui. He ngāwari ki te hamani ki paturopi ara antiseptics tikanga ranei, i te tahi atu ki te pehea o te rota uaua etahi o ratou. Na reira, i roto i te tātaritanga, me te te whakarite o te maimoatanga taratahi huakita Gram-pai, me te Gram-tōraro. Tenei tikanga o wehewehe i microorganisms i whakaarohia kua i roto i te rau tau XIX, engari kei te whakamahia tonu tenei ra.

Ko te ao o huakita

He pera kanorau, me te uaua ki te kitea, e kore kua ara pūtaiao hou ako reira tino i te rangatiratanga o te kaiao. He huakita e ora i pāmahana teitei, me te kore e mate noa i muri koropupu auroa i ētahi atu e mate ana i te huringa iti i roto i te pāmahana te hanganga o te taiao ranei, mo te tauira i muri i te tua o te huka noa. Ētahi microorganisms tupu i roto i puna wera i roto i te mewaro whāngai waikawa atu matū ranei.

Bacteria - Ko te rauropi tino tawhito tenei, a ko te tino whānui i roto i te ao. E kitea ratou nga wahi katoa: i runga i te papa moana, i roto i te rangi, i roto i te oneone - noa i rire nui i roto i te tinana o mea ora. Ano, kua kï pūtaiao e nga pūtau o te huakita i roto i te tangata, ko te 10 ngā wā nui atu i to ratou ake. ora ētahi huakita noa i muri ki ētahi atu mea ora, ia kei te kaha etahi mahi tahi ki a ratou. Ka taea e waiho ratou painga ranei meinga tini o nga mate. Ano, te huakita painga i roto i te tekau o nga wa, nui atu i te tukumate.

He painga maha microorganisms. Hei tauira, whai wāhi te hunga e ora i roto i te kōpiro o te tangata, i roto i te nakunaku me te tiaki i te reira i mate. Tenei Lactobacillus me bifidobacteria. I roto i te kōhao-waha tangata he kāinga ki e pā ana ki 40 miriona ngā momo o huakita, engari% 5 anake o enei tukumate. He microorganisms e whai wāhi i roto i te whāwehe o ururua. Ko, ahakoa te meka e tonu momo atu pathogenic o ratou kawe i te huakita painga te rota o te kino, ka rite ki ai reira mate kino. Noa nei, e mate i te rota o te iwi huri noa i te ao i te mate kohi, korara, timu, taipō, botulism me ētahi atu mate. reira he mea tino nui ki te ako ki te taunekeneke ki te ao o te huakita.

Gram poke

Kua he te tangata kua rapu mō huarahi ki te hamani mate hopuhopu. I muri i whakakitea ai te oraraa o te huakita pathogenic, e ngana ana pūtaiao ki te whakarōpū ratou, ki te kitea i roto i pehea ki te mahi ki a ratou. whakaarohia te ara pai i roto i 1884 e Hans Christian Gram tākuta. Ko te tino ohie, engari kōrero, me te whakamahia tonu tenei ra. I roto i tenei tikanga, rerekē huakita karamu-pai, me te karamu-tōraro.

whakamahia Dr. Gram i te ako o microorganisms tae papura, me te kite e etahi o ratou e Nireaha ki te poke, etahi i - e kore. Kei te kitea te reira e te mea e tika ana ki peculiarities o taiepa pūtau o huakita tenei. Mai e tito enei rauropi o tetahi, i te iti rawa kia rua ngā pūtau, hoki ratou he mea tino nui ki te whai i te anga mārō. Na reira, nga taiepa pūtau to ratou he hanganga matatini. tiaki ratou i te taiao ā-i te kătahi o wai. Ko te hanganga uaua tino i roto i huakita Gram-kino. He ātete ki te kătahi o te huware, wai pekitīlia me ētahi atu wai ratou.

Ko te Gram tikanga tukinotia e te te reo whakamātautau ki aniline waikano, whakatika iodine me ka horoi ai ki te waipiro. I te huakita Gram-kino taua e poapoa, me tango Gram-pai i runga i te tae puru. I muri kia tae poroporo anō kino momo tae whero i roto i microorganisms māwhero, a mate e poke ngingila.

Taupānga o te tikanga i roto i te rongoa

Gram poke hoki te wehenga o microorganisms i runga i huakita karamu-pai, me te karamu-tōraro whai wāhi ki te whakapai ake o te rangahau microbiological. E tauturu te reira ki te tautuhi i te ātete o momo pathogenic ki taero, ki te whakawhanake i paturopi hou ki te aro ia ratou. I muri i te katoa, he taiepa pūtau kaha o huakita Gram-tōraro hanga kiriuka ratou ki te paturopi mua. He takere o microorganisms Gram-pai, ahakoa rawa matotoru, engari he permeable ki fluids me paturopi.

huakita Gram-pai, me te karamu-tōraro

Gram poke whakaaetia ki te wehe kaiao katoa ki ngā rōpū whānui e rua. Ratou āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga te āwhina ki te tīpako i tētahi maimoatanga atu e tika ana o ngā mate hopuhopu. huakita Gram-pai, e hohoro tae tae aniline puru, puka pua, exotoxins, na ko reira rawa kino ki te hauora. Ko he permeable ki te taero antimicrobial ratou anga.

I tua atu i Gram-pai, huakita Gram-kino - tukumate o mate nui. e kore e ratou te hanga i pua, me i te maha ngā take e kapo. Otiia i raro i etahi tikanga, timata ratou ki te huna endotoxins me meinga mumura kino me intoxications. No te mea o te hanganga taiepa pūtau matatini e tata kiriuka ki paturopi ratou.

Kei roto i te tinana tangata e rua o enei momo o microorganisms. Ko te ōwehenga tika o te karamu-pai, me te karamu-kino huakita mau tonu microflora tara noa, whēkau, kōhao-waha. E āwhina ana tēnei ki te tiaki i te tinana i te mate.

karamu-pai

Ko te nuinga o huakita Nireaha ki poke waikano papura, e ko, he taiepa pūtau permeable, he kino ki te tangata. Ko ētahi o ēnei streptococci, staphylococci, Listeria, Bacillus, Clostridium, mycobacteria, actinomycetes. Rawa kino Staphylococcus pene, e patu te tinana ngoikore, me te kāore hohoro arata'i ki te mate o te manawanui. Ko e whai hua Lactobacillus waikawa lactic hoki ratou.

pā huakita Gram-pai te wahi romahā, te uaua ngakau, roro me te kiri. whakapataritari ratou he mate purulent i roto i patunga, toto paihana.

Ko te mate meinga ratou

Ko reira he huakita karamu-pai te take o taua noa mate hopuhopu pērā i:

• tonsillitis, pharyngitis;
• pakohu kakā, pāpāho otitis;
• rūmātiki;
• toto paihana;
• kakā;
• mumura o te roro;
• Anthrax;
• mate te pä;
• botulism;
• diphtheria;
• timu;
• kikohangatia hau.

huakita karamu-kino

Whakarārangi ratou rawa nui, engari i roto ia ratou he maha kahore e kawea mai nei i tetahi kino ki te tangata. He microorganisms te nuinga kapo enei. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, e ora ratou i roto i te tinana tangata, kahore meinga ia kino. Ko nga huakita Gram-kino e whai ake nei i te tino noa. Ngā momo o rerekē:

• proteobacteria;
• Pseudomonas;
• chlamydia;
• meningococcus;
• Brucella;
• spirochetes;
• gonococci;
• Helicobacter.

e kore e microorganisms pania i roto i te tae papura, he reira pūmau rite tetahi paturopi me paturopi. Na reira, mate meinga e ratou, he mea tino uaua ki te hamani.

He aha meinga mate

I raro i etahi tikanga, ko te take o mate nui huakita Gram-kino. Ko e tika ana ki te meka tenei e te kōpaki matatini o enei microorganisms i te whakangaromanga o maha putanga tāoke e kua horahia e huri noa i te bloodstream tangata, meinga haurangi nui. Huri i te reira i roto i taua kore huakita pathogenic ratou, a rawa o ratou taiepa pūtau - paparanga lipopolysaccharide e ai he whakautu ārai. arahina ratou ki te whanaketanga o te mumura. Otiia, ki te wātea i te mate o te tangata i roto i te raupapa, e mea ohie ki te akakoromaki i taua microorganisms, me nga mate e kore ko reira whakamataku.

Hoki Gram-kino huakita he huakita e meinga gonorrhea, pakewakewa, meningitis me mate romahā. huakita Rawa noa taua take Tīhau kore romahā me te mimi, te wahi gastrointestinal. Gram-kino e pera tukumate pai-mohiotia rite Proteus, Escherichia, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella. meinga ratou salmonellosis, meningitis, taipō kirika, koripi. I tua atu, ko reira he haepapa mō te kino mate nosocomial taua microorganisms ātete. I muri i te katoa, ka taea e ratou ora noa i muri i te disinfection nui.

Ko te whakamahi o tenei matauranga i roto i te maimoatanga o mate

I roto i te tātaritanga o mate ki te whakatau i te maimoatanga whai hua ake e hiahiatia ana te ki te tono i te tikanga Gram mō te whakatau i meinga microorganisms mate: Gram huakita pai Gram ranei tōraro. E whakaritea paturopi rānei i runga i tenei. I muri i te maimoatanga tīpakohia tika anake e taea whakahōhā te āhuatanga.

Hei whakatau i te tukumate sputum kimihia, nasal, ranei rere tara, feces tātari, inu synovial pleural ranei. i waiho i raro ēnei tauira ki te whakamātautau i Gram poke.

Ko te uaua tino ki te hamani mate meinga e huakita Gram-kino. Fele, E whai wāhi ana ratou ki te huinga o rua paturopi, taero whakatupuranga hou ranei. Te kakama ki a ratou e taea e "Ampicillin" ranei "Amoxicillin", "Chloramphenicol", "streptomycin" me te rōpū o cephalosporins. Ka taea e ratou akakoromaki i te membrane waho o te huakita.

Knowledge o te hanganga o te taiepa kitakita reira taea ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o te maimoatanga o ngā mate hopuhopu.