Herzen, "toku Past me Thoughts": he whakarāpopototanga o te mau pene. "Taku Past me Thoughts": Pūāhua

Alexander Ivanovich pukapuka "Past me Thoughts", he whakarāpopototanga o nei tatou whakaaro, i whakaputaina i roto i te 1868. E haamata te reira ki te kaituhi whakangote o kōrero e pā ana ki te āhua o Herzen whānau atiutiu noa huri noa Moscow, nohoia e te Wīwī i 1812. Alexander ia ko tonu he tamaiti iti. Mutu whanaketanga hua 1865-1868 o, ngaahi ongo Herzen i te haerenga ki Ūropi.

I roto i te meka, e kore e taea e huaina te haamana'oraa i roto i te tikanga ki tonu o te kupu, "toku Past me Thoughts". e kore e hua Whakarāpopoto hoatu he whakaaro oti o te hanganga kōrero, nota kupu mua e anake te wahi e rima tuatahi (te tapeke o 8) kitea tatou te tauākī o ngā raupapa. Next, i muri i neke ki te kaituhi i roto i Rānana i te tau 1852, i aru e te raupapa o ngā tuhinga kairīpoata, tuhinga roa, Heoi, whakaritea i roto i te raupapa wā. Me mea e ahau e etahi o nga taitara te mahi i te tuatahi whakaputaina rite tūemi motuhake ( "Robert Owen", "arabesque Western"). whakaritea Herzen tona hanganga ki tonu whakaoti hanga te whare ki te huinga o parirau, tāpiri-ake, me ngā toronga.

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi

"Tamariki me te University" - te wahi tuatahi pera-ka karanga o te mahi "toku Past me Thoughts". Tuhinga tona e whai ake. whakaahua ana te reira i te wa i 1812 ki te 1834. I roto i te wahi tuatahi o te mahi whakaahuatia i roto i te Herzen ora matua i roto i te whare o tona papa. Ko he hypochondriac atamai. Te āhua ia ki hei te tama (rite, te mea, matua keke, papa me te hoa o te taitamarikitanga), he hua angamaheni o te rau tau 18.

He pānga nui i runga i te whakaaro o te tamaiti i te mau ohipa o Hakihea 14, 1825. Herzen i roto i 1827 tutaki ki N. Ogarev, tona whanaunga tawhiti. Ko te pehe heke mai, me nei e tonu Herzen i Rānana ki te arahi i te whare tā Russian tenei. E tuku mau tamaroa e rua ki Schiller. I to ratou auhoaraa, e kite ratou rite te uniana o he, tōrangapū e rua. Kia i runga i nga Hills Sparrow, e oati ratou ki te patunga tapu i to ratou oraraa no te haere noa.

tonu Herzen ki te kauwhau i whakaaro tuwhena i runga i tōrangapū, ka tupu ake, i reira ka ia he ākonga o Moscow State University (Physics ko Pāngarau Tari).

Kia mahara e nga ngā i muri i te matenga o Alexander ahau, e ai ta te kaituhi o te mahi "taku Past me Thoughts". Whakarāpopoto (Part 1, Chapter 3) e kore e taea e faataa mai i runga i tenei. Heoi, mōhio tatou e, rite te kaituhi tuhi, i onge fakatanga tōrangapū i roto i te kingitanga o Alexander. Heoi, i kino tona mono Nicholas mo pedantry iti, nanakia matao, vindictiveness. timata nga hopukia. Ko nga wahine o te hunga i whakaraua ki pakeke mahi, tangohia o mana ture. i ratou ki te maka taonga whiwhi katoa a tonoa ki a Eastern Siberia i raro i reira i te tirotiro pirihimana. tenei katoa tohu Herzen i tona mahi "toku Past me Thoughts". Whakarāpopoto (wahi 1, te upoko 3 Kua tika kua māngai) atu nga ngā wahi tuarua.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua

E kīia ana "Prison ko whakarau", whakaahua ana te reira i 1834 ki te 1838-th-th nga tau. Ogarev (whakaaturia tona whakaahua te raro nei), Herzen me tahi atu mau melo o te porohita whare wānanga te whakapanga o kohukohu tana Nui. I utu teka i hopukina ratou, ka whakahekea.

Life i roto i te whare herehere whakaahua ana i roto i te taipitopito te kaituhi o te mahi "toku Past me Thoughts". Whakarāpopoto (upoko 3 tenei wahi e te faaite mai o te ora o te whare herehere) atu e te kaimahi Vyatka Hertzen, i roto i te tari o te poari porowini rohe. wehea Tauanga Kei roto i tona tiaki. Vahe mahi kohia he rota o te wā pouri me te paki o te mana i runga i te kawanatanga. I roto i te wāhanga kotahi, he AL Vitberg. tutaki Herzen ia i roto i te whakarau. Herzen i roto i 1838 whakawhitia ki Vladimir. I roto i tenei pa, i reira te mea he hua atu o ngā e kua whakatapua ki tenei whakarāpopototanga. "Toku Past me Thoughts" wahi 1 me te wahi 2 o e kua whakaahuatia kua matou, tonu ngā whanaketanga 1838-39 biennium,. I tenei wa, i reira ko te mohio o Herzen ki tona aroha. Whanaketanga o whanaunga ki a ia, me te wahi i muri.

tuatoru

"Vladimir-i runga i-Klyazma" - te wahi tuatoru pera-ka karanga o te mahi "toku Past me Thoughts". Tuhinga whakamōhio reira tatou ki te hītori o te aroha o te kaituhi ki Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy, nei ko te tamahine poriro o tona matua keke, a ka ka kawea ki runga i te keke hawhe-haurangi, me te kino. Otiia e kore e anake whakamōhio reira tatou Herzen. Hei tauira, te mau ohipa o 1834 e tuku te matenga o te "Moscow kahore ahau" mahi "toku Past me Thoughts" (Chapter 4). Tuhinga kore e hoatu ki a, mai i kua i korerotia ki roto i te wahi tuarua. puta tatou ki te whakaahuatanga o te hononga o te kaituhi ki Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy.

Whakaae ki te marena o whanaunga e kore e whiwhi i te aroha o te hua o "toku Past me Thoughts". (I huaina upoko 3 tenei wahi ko "te Wehenga") Whakarāpopototanga pito mahue Vyatki. Herzen (hoatu tona whakaahua kei runga ake) i roto i 1838, tae i roto i Moscow, ahakoa riria ki te tomo i te reira. e ia atu tona wahine marena hou, ka karaunatia puku ki a ia. whakaoti tenei te wahi tuatoru o Herzen ( "Past me Thoughts"). Whakarāpopototanga o te whanaketanga atu e whai ake nei aroaro i raro.

Ko te tuawha wahi

whakaahuatia te wā i te tau 1840 ki te 1847 i roto i te "Moscow, St Petersburg ko Novgorod." parau te reira e pā ana ki te huru hinengaro o te wa i roto i Moscow. Ogarev ko Herzen, i hoki mai nei i te whakarau, neke ofi ki nga Hegelians - he porowhita o Stankevich. Ratou hoa e Bakunin me Belinsky. Herzen i roto i te "e kore tatou" (i runga i Chaadayev, K. Aksakov, Kireevskys, Khomyakov) ta e faaho'i tahi i roto i te 40s Slavophiles me Westerners. haere ana ia ki runga ki ki te whakamārama he aha e kore e taea e koe te uru slavjanofilstvo wawao whenua mōhiohio. kōrero hoki Herzen e pā ana ki hapori me te hapori Russian.

No te take wä, i roto i 1846, neke atu Herzen me Ogarev tokomaha i, rawa i Granovsky. whawhai Whaiaro haere i runga i waenganui i te kaituhi, me te Granovsky tika ki te meka e kore tetahi i mohio ki, me te tahi atu whakaae te tahuti ore o te wairua. Na ka whakatau ia ki te waiho i te whenua Herzen. "Taku Past me Thoughts", he whakarāpopototanga o nei tatou whakaahua - he rōrahi nui o te mahi. Na e taea tatou te kōrero e pā ana ki reira anake i roto i ngā whānui.

tuarima

whakaahua ana te reira i te tau i 1847 ki te 1852-th-th. korero te kaituhi e pā ana ki te tau tuatahi i poto ia i roto i Europe. ka mea a Herzen e pā ana ki te ra tuatahi i roto i te pane a French, e pā ana ki ona mana'o o Paris. kōrero ia e pā ana ki te "Young Italy", Roma te kaupapa whakaoranga motu me te revolution i roto i France i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1848 me ētahi atu.

Whakaahua i te whakarāpopototanga o te kōrero "toku Past me Thoughts", mōhio tatou e te whakaaturanga raupapa o ngā kē i roto i tenei wahi ko tuhinga haukotia me ngā tuhinga Herzen. ta te kaituhi i roto i te mataraharaha parauhia "arabesque Western" e pā ana ki te mate o te ao Western, kia aroha ki te ohaoha Russian hapori ranei. Okú philistinism Europe, ka mau riro o te fifi katoa o rauemi pai-oranga. Ka taea te huaina tenei kaupapa te leitmotif o te mahi katoa. kite Herzen anake te otinga i roto i te hanga o te kāwanatanga toko i te ora.

I tuhituhia i roto i te mau pene i oti rawa ki Proudhon, te parau e pā ana ki te aroha ana ongo ki a ia, ka mea ia te mārū ohorere o te tangata ki te kōrero ki te. korero ia o te pukapuka o Proudhon, "I Justice i te hahi, me te i roto i te revolution." Mai i te kaituhi o tenei mahi e kore e taea te whakaae Herzen, no te mea i whakahere te reira i te tika o te āhua tangata e. Ki te taua tauira tautohetohe tonu āhua Herzen, mau mai i tahi he Arakcheyev taua tahae (hei tauira, i roto i te ono o te wahi, i roto i te pene "Robert Owen").

e kore ahau e rite Herzen me Proudhon o waiaro ki te wahine - kamupene. whakapono ia e nga kaiwhakawa kaituhi e pā ana ki taua mea fakamamahi, me te uaua ano he hae me te tinihanga, tahito rawa.

Ko te whakaari i roto i te ora o Herzen

faaoti te rima te wāhanga ki te aamu utuafare o Herzen, nga tau whakamutunga o te ora o Natalia Alexandrovna. Ko te rironga o Napoleon III, me, a ka te kaha mahi ma'i te tamahine a taimaha i runga i tenei wahine, he keno rerekē ki te whārua. tomo ia ki te hononga ki te rongonui German-pāpori, me te rohi pehe Herwegh. Ko tenei tangata i taua wa te hoa tata o Herzen. i pa ia e Herwegh amuamu o mo'emo'e, e kore tetahi matau. ki te aroha ki tana tahu tonu Natalya. mamae te reira i te āhuatanga, me te pae hopea ua ite te akiaki o te whiriwhiri, faataa te wahine ki a Herzen. i rite ki te whakarerea e ia, ki te hiahia te reira ki Natalia. Heoi, whatiwhati atu ki Herwegh me noho ki tana tane.

kawea Hertz te i muri i te houhanga rongo etahi wa i roto i Itari. patua ia i roto i te kaipuke i te tau 1851 i te whaea o te kaituhi, me tana tama iti Kolya. e kore Herwegh e hiahia ki te farii i hinga. Whaia ana e whitu amuamu, fakamanamanai ki whakamatea Herzen ranei te mahia e whakamomori. I roto i te mutunga whakamōhio ia hoa tahi e pā ana ki te raruraru. piri hoa ake mo Herzen. Next mai i te scene kino ki huaki me te pākahiko, mahara o nama tawhito, tānga i roto i hautaka. e kore e taea e Natalia neke te reira katoa. I muri i te whanautanga i muri, pea i te mate kohi, ka mate ia i te tau 1852.

oti te reira i te rima o tuhinga roa e pā ana ki manene Russian kanohi i roto i te "atarangi Russian." Herzen i te rota o te whakapā ki a ratou. Tona hoa i te whare wānanga NI Sazonov, atiutiu noa huri noa Europe, - te momo o te iwi Russian, i roto i huna noa i te "ope tawha," kore i nei i i kī i roto i te whenua te kāinga. Te haamana'oraa i te hoa, i konei karanga te kaituhi "tika" me "āhukahuka" mo te hunga iwi e patu whakahere hoki ratou whakapono katoa e taea e whakahere ratou he ora tuku iho. Herzen AV Èngel'son - Gen Petrashevists ki "ngatata fakamamahi", angamaheni o ia, "whakapehapeha nui" Kua whakawhanakehia e raro i te mana o tona "iti" me te iwi "trashy" nei i hanga ake te nuinga o te wā.

tuaono

Kei te karanga a te reira "Ingarangi", whakaahua ana te reira i te tau i 1852 ki te 1864-th-th. Herzen i muri i te matenga o te tokorua oho ki Ingarangi. hanga Herwegh tona tūmatanui whakaari whānau, a ko tika te kaituhi mo uru te marae ki te manapori Pākehā e he tika ia. Ko whakamarie i kitea Herzen kore i roto i tenei marae, a i roto i te mahi. ka anga ia ki te tuhituhi "toku Past me Fakakaukaú", a ka mau ano hoki ake ana te pūrere Momotuhi Russian.

Herzen (aroaro tona whakaahua kei te runga ake) tuhipoka e pānga London ora mokemoke ia pai. ki tonu o ratere, e te nuinga tuku ki roto i te ono o te wahi Ingarangi i taua wa ko. Ko he mano paipōro, i nga kau taki o te whakaoranga motu me te kaupapa hapori i roto i Europe, i ko te tohu o te kaituhi, ki te tutei me aua kaimahi kino, e i raro i te guise o whakarau tōrangapū tono mea koe ā.

Herzen, whakaaro e te huru motu vai, tukutaha etahi tuhinga toi o ngā Iwi ( "Tiamana i roto i te whakarau", "manene Polish" me etahi atu.). I roto i te pene "Te Tiamana i roto i te whakarau", i roto i te ngā, i te aromatawai o Marx me ana kaitautoko - "rōpū pungatara." whakaaro te kaituhi enei iwi hao, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakangaro e rite mō tetahi o ratou hoariri tōrangapū. He pākiki Herzen ki mau e i roto i te tutukinga ki ia atu pūāhua motu whakakitea. Hei tauira, i roto i te pene "te tukanga e rua e" hoatu he whakaahuatanga arearea o te arotake i roto i te take Ingarihi marae, te duelists French.

te whitu o

Ko te kanga ki te hekenga Russian tenei wahi o te mahi. I roto i ngā, whakaatu reira nga tuhinga roa takitahi i runga i Pecherin B. ko M. Bakunin, e pā ana ki te hītori o "Te Bells" me Free Momotuhi Russian. Ko te kaituhi tīmata mā te whakaahua pēhea te utua ohorere ia i te haerenga ki te kānara. Te āhua, ko reira he tangata kuware, a kahore ohaoha. Heoi, i mahara iho ia i te reira tona fatongia ki mai ki Herzen rite mana. I roto i te pene tuatahi, "päoka ko Perigee," ta te mana nui, me te rongonui o "Te Bells" i roto i Russia, e haere mai ana i muri i te ahi Moscow. Na ka mea taua whakaritea te kaituhi ki te tā ki te tautoko i te amo i roto i te tau 1862, i roto i to ratou tutu.

te waru

Whakarāpopoto Artwork "Past a whakaaro" haere i runga i ki whakaahua wahi 8. E whakaatu ana te reira i te wā i te tau 1865 ki te 1868. He kahore ingoa, me kahore kaupapa noa. Ko reira kahore aituā huaina te pene tuatahi o tenei wahi ko te "Kāore he hononga". whakaahua ana Herzen te mana'o i hanga reira ngā whenua Pākehā i roto i te mutunga o nga 60raa. kite tonu Europe i rite te kingitanga o te kaituhi mate. Tenei, e ai ta ia, i roto i ngā, i roto i te pene i runga i Venice me i whakahē emepaea France "he poropiti." Chapter "Mai i te tahi atu ao" wahi 6 te whakatapua ki te kaumātua, e i kotahi te iwi rongonui, me te angitu. whakapono Herzen e te wahi anake i roto i te katoa o Europa, e tika ana mō te ora - Switzerland.

"Reta Tawhito"

"Reta tawhito" hua oti "toku Past me Thoughts", he whakarāpopototanga o te mau pene o i whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga. Ko te kuputuhi o pukapuka ki te kaituhi o Belinsky, N. Field, Chaadaeva Granovsky, Carlyle, Proudhon tenei. Herzen i roto i te omuaraa ki to ratou pukapuka rerekē ratou. Ko te mua i roto i te pukapuka e kore e pēhi ana ki tona kaha katoa, e kore te mea nei i te pukapuka. Easy mamatanga ratou o ratou ihirangi tupurangi, te utu tatou manukanuka īmēra ia rā ofi ange ki nga kaituhi.

O te akoranga, i roto i te kotahi tuhinga e kore e taea ki te whakaahua i roto i te taipitopito te mahi o "toku Past me Thoughts". he pai anake hoki te mohio tuatahi ki a ia te whakarāpopototanga rawa poto. Tenei mahi he utu ako no te mea homai reira he kanohi ataata o te wā. "Toku Past me Thoughts", he whakarāpopototanga o te pene 1 e haamata i roto i te 1812 me te mutu haamana'oraa tau 1868 e hipokina te wa, te ngā hītori taonga.