He ara hou o te hoholo o uku i roto i te taiwhanga

He ara hou o te hoholo o uku i roto i te taiwhanga.

E whakaahua ana te tuhinga i te tukanga o hoholo maimoatanga ki te whakawhanake i kikokore (300 microns) kiriata mō te wā poto, me te roa o te wā. Kei te whakawhanakehia e te tukanga hou hei kē ki te tikanga whakamātautau whakamahia: okeoke oumu angiangi kiriata (RTFO) me Pressure Aging (PAV). Ko te tikanga hou i huaina hoholo tukanga ohie (whakamātautau hoholo ohie, SAT), e taea te whakamahi ki te horoi me te whakarerekētia te uku, whakaehunga me te toenga. I mua ki te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka rautaki o rangahau huarahi i reira ko he nui te pānga i roto i te hoholo o te kiriata angiangi i raro i ngā āhuatanga pateko. Heoi, tangohia hoholo tukanga wā-poto i RTFO, pera hoki whakamatautau te rheometer kurupae piko hiahiatia he maha nui o uku koroheke. Mai te whakatamarikitanga o te paerewa rite te tikanga tāutuhia RTFO etahi raruraru, ina ngana koe ki te faaohipa i te reira ki te hoholo o uwhi tino whakarerekē. Ki te whakaaro ki te ranunga tikanga mahana RTFO i pāmahana o raro (whaihanga iti pāmahana ahumahi) kia tangohia etahi here i runga i te kiriata awhiowhio mō te hoholo ōrite o te rauemi. Plastometer kātahi anō ka whanaketia mahi i runga i te parau tumu o te kutikuti hihiri (DSR) ki 4-mm paraharaha whakarara taea whakamātautau i pāmahana ki runga ki te -40 ° C, titau 25 anake mg o kōpaki, ka taea ki te whakatau tata i te m-uara, me te rītaha rigidity mō te piko kurupae rheometer. Mā te tenei tikanga i roto i te taha ki SAT whakatau te rheology o bitumens, wā poto roa ranei tau i raro i te pāmahana iti, me te reo. I tua atu, i reira he rawaka rauemi pakeke mō te momo DSR rheometer ki 25mm paraharaha. SAT tikanga faaore te raruraru o "awhiowhio" tauira mō asphalts polymer-whakarerekē me te mahana. I roto i ngā whakamātautau o te maha ngā momo o te uku i tohua SAT wa tikanga, me te hoholo ōrite pāmahana ki enei tawhā ka whakamahi i RTFO me ngā tukanga PAV.

whakataki

Solidification runga toulekeleká i raro i te mana o te hāora - te tukanga e puta ka whakapanga te ranunga wera, me te i roto i te huringa ora o te mata ara. Te reira i nui pānga te mahi paninga pērā i mate ai, hangai me te delamination me, rite ki te hua, mauroa. He tino nui mo te whanaketanga o ngā hāngai i runga i ngā āhuatanga mahi solidification te whakatauira o hoholo i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga. whakaahua ana i tēnei ako he tikanga hou o te piti hāora o te whakamātautau kiriata angiangi tauira, e homai hua ōrite ki ngā tukanga paerewa okeoke oumu kiriata angiangi (RTFO, ASTM tikanga D2872) me te toulekeleká i roto i te ruma i raro i te pēhanga (PAV, ASTM tikanga D6521) o uku parakore. Whakatutuki ka whakarite tōtika o te whakamātautau kiriata angiangi (e rave rahi rau nm) - he tikanga whakawhanakehia tata rheometer rite ki te parau tumu o te kutikuti hihiri, e āhei whakamātautau o te tauira i te pāmahana ki runga ki te -40 ° C, titau 25 anake mg o tauira, me ngā he whakarerekētanga mō te deformation i runga i te pūrere [1 ].

uku Test tukanga kiriata angiangi i roto i te oumu i whakawhanakehia i roto i te tīmatanga o te 60raa Hveem [2] ka kua whakaaetia i roto i te ASTM 1970 tau. I roto i te whakatinanatanga o te waka Rautaki Program Akoranga kua tīpakohia reira rite te paerewa mō te whakatauira hoholo haamărôraa poto e e wahi ka faaineine. I tēnei wā, e whakamahia ana te tūāhua e i roto i te whakatakotoranga o uku Superpave.

Ko te painga matua o te tikanga o te kiriata angiangi o uku i roto i te oumu i te hurihanga whakamātautau (RTFOT) i mua i kiriata whakamātautau angiangi oumu i roto i te pateko (TFOT, ASTM D1754 Tikanga) takoto i roto i te meka e hoki tītaka ipu karaihe i raro te ki hoholo rohe nui o te mata tauira. Heoi, ko te maha o ngā hurihanga me te pānga i runga i te tauira mata hou rerekē i runga i te pokey o uku i mua i te whakamātau, me ngā rerekētanga i roto i pokey i roto i te whakamātautau rānei. Motional me te ranu i te uku i roto i te ipu e uaua ano e te whakarerekē polymer-uku. Heke te pāmahana whakamātautau RTFO mō te whakatauira pitihāoratanga puta i roto i te hanga o te ranunga mahana, meinga rite mau fifi.

Whakaiti whakakore i te huringa o pukapuka hurihanga ka whakamatauria e te tikanga RTFO mō uku tino whakarerekē ranei - he raruraru i e kua mohiotia hoki te maha o nga tau [3]. Bahia [3] whakaarohia ki te whakaoti i te reira na roto i te toua i te tokotoko rino ki te pounamu, me te kupu whakarato i tētahi horapa kiriata. Ngā whakahaere e te Federal Highway Whakahaere me Tonga rōpū kamupene asphalts whakakitea e te rakau maitai whakaiti te taumata o toulekeleká uku (rite whakarerekē me kāore i) ka whai wāhi ki te leakage o uku (momo e rua) i [4] te ipu. Ahakoa e whai wāhi maitai tokotoko ki leakage o uku i te pounamu, e pinepine rere nga bitumens polymer-whakarerekētia i roto i te rohe umanga, ara, no te kahore te tokotoko. Ko te take mō tenei - Weissenberg pānga (ara wai visco-rapa i runga i te tokotoko tītaka) [5]. Kei te riro te reira e te ope rapa (totoro o nga mekameka polymer) meinga e te huringa o te topuku karaihe, hua i roto i te mana pai poutū whakahaua, e ai kohi o uku i runga i te taiepa i roto o te puoto.

Ko te otinga o enei raruraru ko te pūtake o te mahi o te Western Research Institute (WRI) i runga i te tikanga hou o te wā-poto me te ruhiruhiaraa wā roa-, i te mea he hoholo tukanga ohie kua (SAT) kua huaina. Kei te oti rawa ia ki tenei tuhinga.

E SAT tikanga, kia rite ki te kē ki paerewa RTFO me RTFO / PAV, aroaro nga whakaritenga e whai ake nei:

1) Me kia ōrite ki taua o tikanga RTFOT te tohu o te hoholo. Ka rite ki te roa rite hāngai te ngā Superpave e i runga i nga hua o whakamātautau RTFOT, me tautuku tetahi tikanga hou ki te tukanga o hoholo RTFOT mō uku parakore.

2) Easy, ki kahore he take horoi ipu. Ko te tukanga whakamātautau ko ki te tukua whakanohonga o te tauira koroheke wā-poto tika ki te oumu mo te hoholo wā roa-.

3) Ka e ranea ki te whakatau i te kōeke o te taupū kătahi (SHRP PG) me te whakaahuatanga o te hanganga matū te nui o uku.

4) I te whakatakoto te tango i nga tauira kia kaua e whakamahia whakarewa, i te mea nui rawa hoki bitumens polymer-whakarerekē ranei.

5) kia iti i roto i te tikanga ki te whakakore i te raruraru o te hāora tūringiringi te matotoru kiriata, he reira i roto i te tauira whakamātautau i roto i te āhua tū (TFOT).

6) kia tuku te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te pāmahana ki te whakatau i hanga tikanga, te ranunga mahana.

7) Me e iti iho i te RTFO whakamātautau RTFO / PAV ranei te wā Test.

8) kia tikanga utu iti.

9) kia tukua te tikanga hoholo o kiriata i te toenga whakaehunga.

taea ki te whakarite i nga whakaritenga i runga ake katoa, Heoi, hoki rapu nga whakamātautau o muri i runga i SHRP uku he wāhi rawa nui o te mata tauira oxidative kiriata hoholo (kiriata matotoru o te maha rau microns) he. I roto i ngā, i te raruraru riro whakamātautau ki piko rheometer kurupae, mai hoki tango ia tauira rakau 15 karamu uku, a ka hiahia enei tauira etahi. whakamātautau SHRP i te reo me te pāmahana teitei e pupuri i runga i ki te rheometer hihiri kutikuti (DSR), e titau te torutoru noa karamu o uku.

Kua mea te reira e te tenenga ki te rheometer kutikuti hihiri (DSR) ki 4-mm paraharaha whakarara taea whakamātautau i pāmahana ki runga ki te -40 ° C, titau 25 anake mg o kōpaki, ka taea ki te whakatau tata i te m-uara, me te rigidity wāhikē [6] mō te powhiwhiwhi rheometer kurupae. Ka hoatu Next he whakamārama atu taipitopito o tenei hangarau. Ko tōna i ngā ki te tikanga o te kiriata hoholo - RTFOF tikanga kē. I tua atu, i muri i te whakamātautau he rawaka uku hoki whakamātautau SHRP i iti, reo, me te tiketike pāmahana.

Rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā whakamātautau hou i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga, te nuinga i nga whāinga e whai ake nei:

he) Whakapaia te whakamātautau i muri i te torutoru karamu o uku mō atu whakamātautau i runga i te rheometer kurupae piko;

b) Ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o uku e rerengia ana i roto i te puoto i roto i RTFO test;

c) Ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o te okeoke i te uku polymer-whakarerekētia hoki RTFOT whakamātautau.

kia mahi tauira te tikanga e whai ake nei: Test i te hoholo o te rango hurihuri (RCAT) [7], he pounamu whakarerekētia Tiamana huringa (MGRFT) [4], te whakamātautau me te ventilation takoha (SAFT) [8].

Materials wahi whakamātau

Rheometer mō te parau tumu kutikuti hihiri ki te 4 mm papa paraharaha, whakarara

Totohe mo kōwae nonireka i roto i te āhua waiwai (GG) hanga Schröter [9] whakawhanakehia he tikanga mo te hapa ako o te rheometer kutikuti hihiri, ona whare, me te pereti. Sui [1] tono ki te whakarerekētanga o inenga o te uku kutikuti hihiri i pāmahana iti (~ 5 ° C ... -40 ° C) i runga i te 4-mm paraharaha whakarara ki te āputa 1.7 mm o (i roto i te tuhinga, kei te tuku tenei tikanga ki rite 4-mm kutikuti hihiri rheometer ).

I auau iti (teitei pāmahana) te uku ngohengohe, me hapa ako he hokiate taputapu. I tiketike auau (iti pāmahana) whai rerekē, me i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi i te uara pono o te kōwae o uku whati pakarukaru ine pā kutikuti rheometer whakaritenga.

Ki te whakamātautau titau 25 anake mg o rauemi (i roto i te mahi - e pā ana ki 150 mg mo te hanga o te tauira tauira), i te mea e rave rahi whakahau o nui i raro i tika mo te whakaputa i te whakamātautau pae i runga i te rheometer kurupae piko.

hiahiatia Preconditioning o tauira te. kawea tohuwāhi i roto i te rheometer i roto i te pāmahana āhua iti (60-70 ° C).

I roto i tenei ako, kawea te ako o te āhuatanga rheological i roto i te whakamahi i te 4-mm rheometer kutikuti hihiri. M-uara, me te S kutikuti pakeke (t) e tata i roto i te faatanoraa ki te 4-mm rheometer kutikuti hihiri hangaia Sui [6]. Ko te tikanga Sui turanga ānau koki, me te ahotea whakangā uara tawhiti kutikuti G (t) mo te 2 haora fakafekau'aki ki uara hāngai o S (t) me m mo 60 hēkona i te pāmahana o te 10 ° C i runga i te pāmahana iti pono mo te māka i homai, i whiwhi rite ki te hua o te inenga i runga i te rheometer ki te kurupae piko. Sui Tikanga ke mā te ine i te koki tokonga me te nui o G (t) mo te 60 hēkona i te pāmahana o te 10 ° C teitei pāmahana kōeke o SP. whanganga Rheology i te reo, me te iti pāmahana i runga i te mau api 8 mm te whānui, me te 25 mm.

Ko te faafariuraa tahi o te G hihiri rapa uara tawhiti '(ω) i roto i te kōwae whakangā e mahi e whārite āwhiwhitanga ahu Christensen [10]:

G (t) ~ G '(ω) | ω = 2 / πt

i whakamana ngä inenga o moduli kutikuti hihiri i roto i tītaka rheometers kutikuti hihiri me Ares Malvern Kinexus TA. kawea pānui auau tahitahi i roto i wā o te 15 ° C i roto i te whānui i -30 ki + 45 ° C ki te koki auau whānui o 0.1 ki te 100 rad / hekona. I pāmahana iti, i tukua iho te rohe tahitahi auau tiketike ki te 50 rad / hekona.

Taupānga Hangarau 4mm hihiri rheometer kutikuti taea te whakamahi i "i roto i te parae" mō te tātari microsamples i arotake i nga āhuatanga mahi o te rauemi o te paninga me tātari ki te whakaahua i nga āhuatanga rheological o te uku me faaho'i kōpaki i reo, me te iti pāmahana, ki te whakaahua i te rheology o te hohenga whakaehunga me te rauemi mō te whakakī kapiti rite te pai kia rite ki mo te whanaketanga o te tikanga whakamātautau o te kiriata angiangi - te ahanoa o tenei tuhinga.

hihinga pōkākā

kawea tātaritanga IR i roto i roto i te aratau "tuku" i roto i te pūtau 1.0 mm o ki te tauira o te 50 mg o uku i roto i te 1 ml o te waro disulfide. i whakamana 32 huringa scan Taputapu: Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100, taumira 4 cm-1.

rauemi

Ripanga 1 whakaahua ana te momo o uku uiui. tangohia tauira i i te tank i roto i mahi rori hanga. E toru o nga uwhi wha rite pae whakamātautau i roto i Rochester, Minnesota, United States (hanga i roto i te 2006). Uku "MV" (Manitoba) rite ki te tapamaha whakamātautau ngä mahana i roto i Manitoba, Canada, i hanga i roto i te 2010 tau.

Hua me te Aparauraa

Whanaketanga o ngā tūāhua SAT, tona rite ki te RTFO me RTFO / PAV

Kia mahara te reira e kore ko te whakaaro SAT hou. Aging kiriata uku kikokore ki te whakatau i oxidative hoholo wā poto, me te roa, e puta i roto i te mahi tūturu, whānui ako mo te 70 tau kua hipa. Analysis o nga puna pau Airey [11].

Whanaketanga o te tikanga SAT he ki te hikinga me te urutau rangahau tīariari o hoholo kiriata kikokore, i roto i ngā, Glover akoranga [8, 12] ko Petersen [13]. Ko te rōpū i ki te whakamahi o te 4-mm rheometer kutikuti hihiri e taea ki tatou whakaaro i tenei tikanga kia rite ki ētahi RTFOT.

I roto i te whakawhanake i te raruraru SAT i ki te whakarato i te matotoru kiriata iti, me te reira whakaiti i te pānga tūringiringi. Na roto i te tamataraa, me te hapa i whiriwhiria matotoru o 300 nm, tuku ki te whakarato i te kiriata angiangi, kahore te whakamahi i te whakarewa. kua te rōrahi o te tauira mō te rangahau rheological me matū kua tetahi take whāiti.

E hoatu kawa whakamātautau SAT i Ripanga 2: Ko te whakamātautau wā-poto hoki ngä uku mahana i 130 ° C mō te 50 meneti i roto i te oumu ki pupuhi takoha. Kawa tuatahi, mai whakaritea mahi inaianei kua timata noa matou Aging whakamana rite ki te kawa me te hoholo, e te mau tupu i runga i te ara te wahi te tāpae ranunga mahana.

Fig. 2 E whakaatu ana te pūrere tata whakawhanakehia hoki hoholo o te kiriata angiangi o te tikanga SAT wā-roa poto me. Ko te pereti 3 He mokamoka mo hoholo o 3 rerekē kiriata, titau ia o ratou 1.00 go o uku, e homai i te matotoru kiriata o āhua. 300 nm.

whakamana faaineineraa o kiriata angiangi o te whakamātautau uku te e whai ake. Ko te pouaka mahi pressurized, ki tonu i te hauota, i whakanohoia he wera (e pā ana ki 120 ° C) te tu, a kia hoatu a reira i te pereti whakamātautau SAT (uku). A, no te tahu ki te 120 ° C horahia te uku mo e pā ana ki 2/3 o te rohe mata o te pereti. horahia e uku rapa te i runga i te toenga o te pereti mata, a ka waiho i te reira i roto i te pouaka mo te meneti torutoru ki te puta uku mata tīaroaro kiriata. I reira nekehia te paraharaha i te whakawera, ka whakaaetia ki te tu i roto i te ruma ki te whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma (23 ° C) ki tonu i te hauota.

I tāne te pereti mutunga rua mō te whakaurunga o te thermocouple ki i tuhituhia te pāmahana i roto i te oumu ki patu takoha. whakanohoia te pereti e i roto i te poraka konumohe preheated e whakarato whakawera tere o te paewhiri whakamātautau i roto i te oumu. Fig. E whakaatu ana 3A raraunga i runga i te pāmahana i roto i te oumu (he raraunga thermocouple i roto i te pereti). i whakamana Rehita mo te 50 meneti, te pāmahana oumu - 150 ° C. Ko te pāmahana o te piki pereti tere i ambient ki pā ana ki 140 ° C, me tae 146 ° C i muri i te 50 meneti.

whakaaturia te kaupapa o te wā-poto me te ruhiruhiaraa wā roa-te i roto i te Fig. 3B. E whiriwhiria āhuatanga o te pereti, kia taea te kōkuhu te paraharaha ki te ipu paepae hoholo pressurized paerewa.

Kei te kitea te reira e hoatu te matotoru whakamātautau kiriata o 300 nm hoki e pā ana ki 40 haora i roto i te oumu ki patu takoha i 100 ° C, me te pēhanga o 0,74 atm hua hāngai paerewa PAV (ASTM D6521) mo te kiriata o 3.2 mm whakamātautau matotoru i 20 atm i roto i te paepae paerewa. Ko āwhiwhiwhi Roa o 40 haora, rite reira he rerekētanga i roto i te pēhanga i bitumens hoholo [14]. Aging o te kiriata 300 nm matotoru i roto i te ipu i raro i te pēhanga o te 20 atm mō te 8 haora hua anake te taumata toulekeleká i raro i te whakamātautau paerewa ki te paepae, me te matotoru kiriata rite ki nga ngā.

Hei whakatau i te wa āwhiwhiwhi me te pāmahana i ai te hoholo whakataruna, i rite nei ki taua o nga paerewa me RTFO RTFO / PAV, whakamahia IR hihinga i. na he Initial raraunga mana'ohia e whakaritea ki te pānuitanga tātari rheological. Hei tauira, i roto i Fig. E whakaatu ana 4A he whakarite o te tūāwhiorangi IR (SAT, RTFO, RTFO / PAV) uku "MV" i runga i te kawa i tabulahia i roto i te Ripanga 2. I roto i Fig. E whakaatu ana 4b te tātari rheological hāngai raraunga - te kutikuti uara tawhiti G matatini * (ω). Ka taea te kite te reira e he tino rite nga tūāwhiorangi.

Rite o IP me rheology

Ripanga 3 E whakaatu ana te whakarite o uku SP pakeke hoki ngā hangarau RTFO, RTFO / PAV me SAT. Kua kitea te reira i e i roto i te wā-poto, me te mo hoholo o nga hua whiwhi whakamahi hangarau rerekē wā roa-he i roto i te whakaaetanga pai.

Tikanga SAT e kore pānga nui i runga i SP uku (tae atu ka whakamatauria rite ki te kawa ST SAT HMA LT FDO, e kia rerekē i te tikanga whakamātautau ST SAT LT PAV me RTFO / PAV tika ki te rongo ki te rerekētanga pēhanga. He tino rite nga hua.)

Tauritenga i SP iti (m-uara), reo (G * / sinδ) me te tiketike (G * / sinδ) pāmahana ki ngā tikanga SAT, RTFO ko RTFO / PAV whakaaturia aua i roto i Fig. 5, 6, me te 7. A, no te whakaatu tātari SP i iti te pāmahana anake m-uara rite bitumens i ako m-te mana. E hoatu ana te uara ki te tika o tetahi operator i ASTM (d2s%). Hei tauira, te tika o te kaiwhakahaere kotahi m-nui i roto i te ASTM D6648-08 ko 4.0%.

Ko te hapa mō te kotahi operator ko te uara mō te ngā whakamana i runga i tetahi kaiwhakahaere kotahi i roto i te kotahi rheometer taiwhanga. E toru o nga momo e whā o uku te whakatau i nga taumata kī o te tika, e te tikanga e te raraunga rheology whiwhi e te tikanga o SAT, a RTFO RTFO / PAV rite.

Te huringa ōrau i roto i te papatipu

whanganga Ōrau huringa taimaha i te tikanga RTFO hoholo i rite ki te tikanga AASHTO T240. whanganga te huringa taimaha i tikanga hoholo poto hoki SAT te rite, i.e., faaite huringa uku papatipu te rite te ōrau o te papatipu taketake. Ko te ngaronga o te papatipu tōraro, te hua - he pai. Kei te maha kitea mate taimaha i roto i te RTFOT whakamātautau, ahakoa ko ano hoki te hua ka taea [15]. huringa whakatairite i roto i taimaha i roto i te whakamātautau o ngā tikanga SAT me RTFO e hoatu i roto i te Ripanga 4.

E rua uku i roto i te ōrau huringa taimaha rerekētanga he iti. Ka taea te kite i ētahi atu whakamātautau e te tikanga o SAT he nui te ngaronga atu RTFO taimaha, ahakoa paku anake. Hei whakapuaki e ko tauanga rerekē te SAT i te RTFO he wāhi mate taimaha o te tirohanga, rapua ngā atu.

mutunga

I roto i te tūhuratanga o fakafehoanaki uku parakore whakakitea e SAT tikanga homai hua rite ki ngā hua o whakamātautau i runga i te paerewa me te RTFO RTFO / PAV i te hi'oraa o te rheology, a ka ki te whānuitanga iti rite i roto i te whakamātautau mō te whāwehe o te carbonyl me sulfoxide.

Ko te huinga o te tikanga ki te whakamātautau SAT i te 4 mm kutikuti hihiri rheometer ki paraharaha whakarara ki te whakatau i te āhuatanga rheological me ngā tawhā whakatakotoranga (m-uara, me te pakeke kutikuti) i iti te pāmahana. Hei te mahi titau te hoholo poto o te tikanga SAT 50 anake meneti, 35 meneti, iti iho i te tika mō te paerewa RTFOT.

Nui atu, mo te wā-roa hoholo i raro i te pēhanga i roto i te oko i te tikanga o SAT hiahiatia 8 haora, mo te 12 haora i mua o te paerewa e hiahiatia ana mō te PAV whakamātautau. I tēnei wā, he tīmata hoki te tikanga SAT tono mō te uku, whakaehunga hohenga polymer-whakarerekētia ora ake uku, me te mo te whakatauira o hoholo oxidative, e puta i te tito tipu ngä mahana mahi.

Ia paraharaha o te tikanga whakamātautau SAT taea ki te whiwhi 3 go o te uku kaumatua. He rawaka ki te whakaahua i nga āhuatanga rheological me matū i iti, reo, me te tiketike pāmahana tenei. Ki te hiahia koe e taea te rite atu kōpaki koroheke, me te waiho i raro ki toulekeleká i te wa ano i te torutoru mau api.

Tuhinga: He ara hou o te hoholo o uku i roto i te taiwhanga.

Apkalimov Denis, LLC "EPC" rotor "