He aha te mea te tapahanga rorohiko hoahoa modular

Kua hanga te nuinga o PC o tenei ra nui i roto i te tauira motuhake, ka karanga hoahoanga rorohiko - pūmārō (tinana), me te pūmanawa (pāngarau, me te arorau) taputapu e tukua ki a koutou hōtaka me te kawe i nga mahi e tika ana o te kaiwhakamahi. Ko waho hoahoanga rorohiko, e whakaata ana i te hanganga me te pāhekoheko o te pūnaha piringa katoa, me ā, i roto i nei takoto te pūnaha o te mahi o nga āhuatanga wāhanga o te rorohiko iho.

E hāngai ana te hoahoa kei te ka whakauru te rorohiko ngā parau tumu matua-modular. Ko te āhua mahi o tenei parau tumu takoto i roto i te meka e hanga i te hoahoanga o te rorohiko, whakapai ake kia mau ai ki te kaiwhakamahi ia, i roto i te mahitahi me te pätahi o wāhanga i roto i tō rorohiko. kō atu Modularity tapahanga, ranei e kiia ana ko - te parau tumu o te pahi utu raraunga i waenga i nga kōwae me te kōpuku rorohiko. Teie mau parau tumu e rua hanga i tetahi atu parau tumu o te hanganga o rorohiko hou - te parau tumu o tuwhera hoahoanga. Ko te tinana parau tumu o tuwhera hoahoanga mohio e whakatakoto i runga i te pūnaha (pūnaha) poari whakaaro rerekē: PTM, ataata, me ngā kāri tangi, mahara (RAM me ROM). . Ano, te hoahoa pahi-modular te PC, te turanga ariā o i i whakatakoto i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga, John von Neumann fokotu'u e te mau parau tumu e whai ake nei o te kōrero i waenganui i ngā wāhanga pūmanawa o te rorohiko:

• whakahaere hōtaka, e whai wāhi te mahia aunoa o ngā tohutohu pūtukatuka, a i roto i te tetahi raupapa;
• mahara homogeneity ngā rokiroki me whakahau, me raraunga i roto i te wāhi kotahi;
• addressability, kia rite ki nei i hanga te mahara o te rorohiko kei te rite te huinga o ngā pūtau taua uru e te pūtukatuka.

hoahoa pahi-modular tirohia taea te rorohiko ki te hanga i ngā tawhā tata ahurei o te whirihoranga pūrere (o te akoranga, i roto i nga tawhā hangarau o ona wahi wāhanga me ratou hototahi), a ki te whakarato i te tikanga matua o te tuku raraunga i waenga i enei wahi. kawea ana tēnei utu i roto i roto i te whakamahi o toru potae raznorazryadnyh (rārangi multiconductor). A, no te tei tenei whanui pahi i runga i te hōhonu moka o te pūtukatuka. hangaia te pahi raraunga te ki te whakarite i te tuku o te mōhiohio i roto i te rua ahunga: i te pūtukatuka ki tetahi atu pūrere rorohiko , me i te pūrere ki te pūtukatuka.

whakarato pahi wāhitau uru ki te kōwae pūtukatuka me te pūtau mahara anake mahi i roto i te aratau unidirectional - i te pūtukatuka ki te pūrere.

whakawhiti pahi mana tohu me whakahau e whakahaere te akoranga o te utu o te mōhiohio me te wā o ngā whakawhitinga i waenganui i ngā kōpuku rorohiko rerekē. I te pae tino whakaaro rorohiko hoahoa pahi-modular whakatinana i roto i te pahi pūnaha, i (tūhono) e ona i'ai wātea hono huihui te pūrere rorohiko. paerewa pahi pūnaha rite hangarau ke. I tēnei wā, ko te momo tino noa o te pahi pūnaha ko te PCI pahi. Te pahi pūnaha ki te whakaaro hono ki reira, a ka hanga i te tapahanga, i faahiti i roto i tona taitara hoahoa matua-modular o te rorohiko.

E i te pae tino hono kōwae rorohiko takitahi ki te tapahanga te whakamahi i te pūmana me whāurutau, ratou mahi rite te hōtaka mā te tāuta taraiwa e hanga nga tikanga mo te pūnaha whakahaere ki te uru i te pūnaha taputapu o te rorohiko, me te hoki.

Ko te huinga paerewa o te rorohiko hou ngā:

• he whāurutau ataata (mo te hononga whakaatu);
• tauranga rangatū COM1 me COM2 (kiore, me te pouwhanga);
• he tauranga whakarara (mō te tūhono i te pūreretā);
• pūmana papapātuhi.

Ka rite ki te whakaaro e te matua-rorohiko kōwae parau tumu o te hanga, ka taea te hono te tahi atu apatoko me pūrere ki te rorohiko mā te tāuta whāurutau atu.