He aha te mea te lysosomes: te hanganga, hanganga me te mahi o lysosomes

Ka rite ki taea ki te "ngaungau" te matū e taka ki roto ki te cytoplasm te pūtau he? Ka taea te whiwhi te whakahoki mā te whakaaro he aha te lysosomes. He aha te mea ratou hanganga? Nā ki te pehea e taea ki te mahi i tona mahi i te āhuatanga o enei organelles?

Lysosomes. Āhuatanga o te hanganga me te mahi

Lysosome - tenei pūtau organoid e pā ana ki 0.2 microns i roto i te rahi, karapotia e te membrane me te kei roto whākōkī hydrolytic. Ko te mahi matua o taua mirumiru ko te wāwāhi o matū whakaurua ki te pūtau i endocytosis, ratou ake rāpoi ranei, e kua hiahiatia kore.

He aha te mea te hanganga o lysosomes i roto i te mahere?

Wāhinga rauemi ranei kinonga i te tikanga o hydrolases - whākōkī e taea o te mahi i roto i te reo waikawa. Ki te mau tonu te pH iti, e noho pūmau ana i roto i te lysosome membrane ATPase vacuolar-momo (V-momo). hanganga motuhake o te matatini taea ki te papu ki te rōnaki kukū o ngā iraoho hauwai, reira te whakanui ake ratou tokomaha i roto i nga organelles taiao roto.

Hydrolase anake e taea te mahi i roto i te taiao waikawa. nui te reira i te wāhi tiaki nui, t. Ki. I roto i te cytoplasm o te pūtau reo ko ngā kūpapa. Ki te hopoia pakaru nga lysosomes membrane, a ko nga whākōkī i te cytosol, ngaro ratou ratou kaha ki te wahia iho matū me organelles.

ngā Lysosome membrane o te pae rihi me te micellar. Kei te ki tonu nga pakaru i waenganui i nga paparanga o phospholipids ki te wai. Neke atu i te te rohe o te membrane marara maha kōputaputa e kua ki tonu hoki ki te wai, me te taea te tutakina e rāpoi neke. Taua wahi matatini o te pūnaha membrane me ka āhei tomo organelles me rāpoi hydrophobic me hydrophilic.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga i lysosomes

hiahiatia pūmua e ki te hanga e te tīmatanga synthesized i roto i te EPR lysosomes. Next, Me ratou ki "tūtohu" mā toenga mannose. Tenei toenga mannose ko te tohu motuhake mō te Golgi taputapu: kua hāngai pūmua i te wahi kotahi, a ka e synthesized oko ki whākōkī lytic. Ko e me'a ia te lysosome i roto i te koiora.

Ko te internals o nga lysosomes

He aha te mea te lysosome me aha te hanganga o te taiao ā-o enei organelles?

Roto tautoko lysosomes taiao waikawa, pH o e tae 4.5-5. I raro i taua tikanga, ka taea e te whākōkī mahi tona mahi wāhinga. Hydrolase - Ko te ingoa noa o te piha haapiiraa o whākōkī. Kei Just lysosome e pā ana ki 40 rerekē rāpoi kaha biologically e catalyze tona tauhohenga tino motuhake.

Hei wāhanga o te tirotiro ā-o te whākōkī lysosome taea te kitea te whai:

• phosphatase waikawa - piri pūhui kei roto ngā rōpū Phosphate;
• nuclease - te whakangaromia e waikawa karihi ;
• protease - piri pūmua;
• collagenase - whakangaromia e nga rāpoi ngota o te collagen;
• Lipase - piri hākawa ;
• Glycosidase - whakatere tauhohe wāhinga warowaihā;
• asparaginase - piri aspartic waikawa;
• glutaminase - whakangaromia e waikawa glutamic.

Just lysosomes kei pā ana ki 40 rerekē hydrolases. Na reira, e taea te whakahoki te pātai o te mea ko te lysosome, i roto i te koiora: te fare vairaa o whākōkī.

momo o lysosomes

Tohatoha 4 momo o lysosomes: lysosomes tuatahi, me te tuarua, mahi autophagic me ngā pūtau wäriu.

lysosomes Mātauranga - he tukanga matatini, haere tahi nei i te mahi o ngā rāpoi ngota kïia i runga i te mata o te EPR me takawhita. lysosome Paraimere - he mirumiru iti, piri nei i te membrane o te taputapu Golgi.

te tīmatanga kei lysosome Paraimere te matatini katoa o whākōkī e hiahiatia ana ki te wahia iho macromolecules.

lysosome Tuarua - tenei hanganga, rōrahi nui. Kei te hanga e te reira na roto i te hanumi ki te matū tuatahi mirumiru mau e endocytosis, ranei hua pākia e pūtau e me nga tikanga o.

e pā ana hanganga autophagosome te ki te tukanga pērā i autophagy - absorption me "horokai," ruha organelles o te pūtau.

Ko te roanga toharite o te pungaraungao ko 10 nga ra. Kia kore e taea ki te mahi i ona mahi i te organelle, me nga tikanga reira o. Hoki tenei whakaaro, e toaati he plurality o lysosomes tuatahi, me te karapoti pungaraungao. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga autophagosome nui roto i haamata te wāwāhi ngā pungaraungao ki waetahi.

He aha te mea te lysosomes i te puka o te kuao kau wäriu? Tenei wāhi whakamutunga o te mahi o tetahi lysosomes te wahi i mahi whākōkī ratou mahi, me organelle he matū kore e taea e haere wāwāhi atu. E maka noa toenga pukupuku i roto o te whare herehere.

Mate e pā ana ki disorders o te lysosomes

e kore e mahi tonu whākōkī tika. whakamana Lysosomes wāwāhi mahi anake, no te kore e te hydrolase i kōtītiti i roto i te hanganga. Na reira, he tokomaha o nga mate e pā ana ki lysosomes, e hāngai ana i runga i te arā o te pūmua whākōkī.

E huaina ēnei ine mate rokiroki. tikanga o tēnei e te kaimahi o te paru tona tïpako matua noa e kore e digested i roto i te lysosome, no te mea o te mea hanga ki runga, me te ai ngā pānga kino.

Sfingolipidoz, Tay-Sachs syndrome, mate Sendhoffa, mate Niemann-Pick, leukodystrophy - kua pā ana katoa o enei mate ki te arā o te paru lysosomal ranei ratou ngaro oti. He ngoikore i roto i te natura te nuinga mate.