He aha te mea taiaho marama? Taiaho radiation: ona puna me te tiaki i te reira

Kei te hoko Lasers taputapu piki nui mō te rangahau i roto i te mara o te rongoā, ahupūngao, matū, papawhenua, te koiora, me te hangarau. Ki te whakamahia hē, e taea te tono ratou ki te matapo me te whētuki (i roto i te t. H. Burns me electrocution) ngā me ētahi atu kaimahi, tae atu ki ngā manuhiri tüao Laboratories, me te take kino rawa nui. Me ki tino maramarama e ia faaohipa i te whakatūpatotanga haumaru tika ka maminga ratou Kaiwhakamahi o enei whakaaro.

He aha te mea he taiaho?

Ko te kupu "taiaho" (Engl. Taiaho, Light Amplification e whakaongaongatia paheke o iraruke) ko he acronym e tu hoki "paheke whakaongaongatia amplification marama". Ko te auau o te radiation i hanga e taiaho i roto ranei e tata ana te wahi kitea o te tūāwhiorangi hiko. whakarei Energy te ki te āhua o te kaha tino nui i te tukanga e kiia nei ko "tukunga taiaho-piri".

Kei te maha te wā "radiation" taahia no te mea kei te whakamahia hoki te reira i roto i te whakaahuatanga o ngā rauemi iraruke. I roto i tenei horopaki, te auraa te tuku o te pūngao. whakawhiti pūngao te i wahi tetahi ki tetahi i te tikanga o te kawenga, te hihītanga me te radiation.

He maha ngā momo rerekē o lasers whakahaere i roto i ngā taiao rerekē. Ko te hau (hei tauira, hauhauā he ranunga o te haumāmā, me te haukura ranei) e whakamahia rite te mahi inu, tioata totoka (hei tauira harariu) ranei colorants wai. A, no te tukua te mana te ki te taiao mahi, haere reira ki te pūngao kāwanatanga me ngā putanga oaoa i roto i te puka o matūriki marama (pūaho).

He rua o whakaata i pito e rua o te ngongo hiri whakaata ranei whakawhiti marama rite te awa takiwa rānei, ka karanga te kurupae taiaho. Ia taiao mahi hua te roangaru kurupae ahurei, me te tae.

Tae taiaho kurupae, te tikanga whakahuatia roangaru. Ko reira kore-ionizing me ngā katinga (100-400 nm), kitea (400-700 nm) me pōkākā (700 nm - 1 mm) wahi o te hihinga.

tūāwhiorangi hiko

Ia He ahurei te auau poipoi hiko, me te roa e pā ana ki tenei kōwhiringa. Just rite te marama whero he ona ake auau me te roangaru, me te tahi atu te tae katoa - karaka, kōwhai, matomato, me te puru - ki iarere ahurei me oioihia. E taea e ki te kite i enei ngaru hiko Kaiwhakamahi, engari e kore e taea ki te kite i te toenga o te hihinga.

Ko te auautanga rahi he hihi kama, X-hihi , me te hihi katinga marama. Pōkākā, ngaruiti radiation me ngaru irirangi noho nga iarere o raro o te hihinga. Ko te marama Ari i roto i te therebetween ngā rawa kuiti.

Taiaho radiation: pānga i runga i te tangata

hua te taiaho whakahaua he kurupae marama kaha te. Ki te he te reira i mua, kitea ana, ranei ki te arotahi ki runga i te ahanoa, kei te wāhanga riro te kurupae, i tana whakaarahanga i te pāmahana mata me te wahi i roto rawa o te ahanoa e kia meinga panoni deformation ranei o te rauemi. Enei mau huru e kua whakamahia i roto i ngā rauemi taiaho pokanga me maimoatanga, taea e mōrearea ki te kiko tangata.

I tua atu ki te radiation, e utua te pānga waiariki i runga i nga kopa marama taiaho kino, hua te pānga ahomatū. Ko makona tona huru poto te roangaru, ie. E. UV ranei wahi puru o te hihinga. pūrere Modern hua taiaho tukunga, pānga i runga i te tangata whakamōkitohia te. O kore he nui ki te meinga kino iti-pūngao taiaho, me nga fifi tū ratou.

He tairongo ki pūngao kopa Human, a i raro i etahi huru ai te radiation hiko, taiaho tae, meinga kino ki nga kanohi, me te kiri. Kua whakahaeretia paepae ako radiation pāmamae.

Te ati mo te kanohi

Ko ngoikore ake ki te whara atu te kiri te kanohi tangata. Te taupoki io (mārama mata mua waho o te kanohi), i roto i te rerekē ki te kiri, he paparanga waho o ngā pūtau mate e tiaki ki te mau mana taiao. Taiaho me hihi katinga radiation whenumi e te taupoki io o te kanohi e taea meinga tetahi kino. tahi whētuki e edema me horo epithelial, a i roto i whara kino - ke puputu'u 'o te ruma mārōrō,.

kia hoki kia pängia ana ki te wharanga arotahi o te kanohi, ina te whai wāhi ai ki rerekē radiation taiaho - pōkākā me te katinga.

Te ati rahi, Heoi, ko te pānga o te taiaho i runga i te etine i roto i te tūāwhiorangi whatu kitea - 400 nm (puru) ki 1400 nm (tata pōkākā). I roto i tenei rohe o te tūāwhiorangi e arotahi kurupae collimated i runga i te wāhi iti rawa o te etine. puta kino te rongo take ina titiro te kanohi ki te tawhiti me te patua reira te kurupae tika kitea ranei. I roto i tenei take, tona kukū i runga i te etine tae 100,000 wā.

Ko te kupu, he kurupae kitea o te 10 MW / cm ² mahi i runga i te etine ki te kaha o te 1000 W / ^cm2. Ko atu i te nui ki te meinga kino tenei. Ki te kore titiro ki te kanohi ki te tawhiti, ki te kitea ranei ko te kurupae i te E ruia ana, e kore te mata whakaata, arata'i ki wharanga he nui radiation atu te puai. Te pānga taiaho i runga i te kiri kowaiwai o arotahi pānga, pera he reira nui iti haria ki te whara i enei oioihia.

X-hihi

Ētahi pūnaha nui-ngaohiko ki ngaohiko nui ake i te 15 kV taea whakaputa X-hihi o ngā kaha: te puna taiaho marama - he lasers excimer kaha ki irahiko köurarangi, me te wē me te katote puna te pūnaha. kia takina ēnei whakaaro mō te haumaru radiation, tae atu hoki te hipoki tika.

whakarōpū

Tei runga i te mana pūngao o te kurupae me te roangaru o te radiation ranei, kua wehea nga lasers ki te maha akomanga. E hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga te i runga i te kaha pea o te pūrere ki te meinga whara tonu ki nga kanohi, kiri, mumura o te puaretanga tika ki te kurupae whakaata E ruia ana ranei i ngā mata huritao. E ngohengohe ana ki te tāutu mā whakapangia i runga i o ratou tapanga lasers arumoni katoa. Ki te hangaia te pūrere i kāinga te kore tohua ranei, kia tohutohu kia whiwhi e ōrite ana ki tona whakarōpū me te tapanga. E kitea e te mana, roangaru me te roanga o te rongo Lasers.

pūrere haumaru

pūrere piha haapiiraa tuatahi te whakaputa kaha iti taiaho radiation. E kore e taea e te reira tae te taumata kino, na ko te kianga i te nuinga o mehua mana atu momo o tirotiro ranei nga puna. Tauira: pūreretā taiaho me kaitākaro CD.

pūrere haumaru herenga

lasers piha tuarua emit i te tūāwhiorangi kitea. Tenei puna taiaho marama e meinga tauhohenga noa tangata o te pato'iraa he marama kanapa rawa (kemo pūpū). A, no te kitea ki te kurupae kimo kanohi tangata 0.25 s, e whakarato ana rawaka tiaki. Heoi, ko te radiation taiaho i roto i te whānuitanga kitea taea kino ia nga kanohi, tamau pānga. Tauira: atatohu taiaho, taiaho ruri.

lasers 2a-piha he whakaaro-whakaaro motuhake ki te mana putanga iti iho i te 1 MW. meinga ēnei whakaaro kino ki te pānga tika anake i runga i 1000 mō te mahi i te ra 8-haora. Tauira waeherepae kaipānui.

lasers mōrearea

Na roto i te piha haapiiraa 3a ngā whakaaro e kore e e kino i te rongo poto ki te kanohi wateatanga. Ka taea e kia mōrearea ka whakamahi i optics arotahi, mo whātata tauira, whārahi me karu. Tauira: he kaha taiaho haumāmā-haukura o 1-5 MW, etahi atatohu taiaho me hanga taumata.

3b piha taiaho kurupae i taea meinga whara i te pānga tika ki tona whakapakoko whakaata ranei. Tauira: he kaha taiaho haumāmā-haukura o 5-500 MW, he tokomaha rangahau me lasers haumanu.

Class 4 ngā te pūrere ki te taumata kaha o neke atu i te 500 MW. He kino ki te kanohi, te kiri, me te he mōrearea ahi ratou. Mārakerake ki te kurupae o tona Miratanga whakaaro huritao E ruia ana ranei e taea te meinga whara kanohi me te kiri. Me ki kia tangohia mehua haumaru katoa. TAUIRA: nd: YAG-lasers, ngā whakaaturanga, pokanga, whakairo whakarewa.

Taiaho radiation: Parenga

kia whakarato ia taiwhanga tika tiaki mo te iwi e mahi ana ki te lasers. Me hipokina matapihi Improvement roto e taea radiation haere pūrere 2, 3 4 ranei akomanga ki whara i roto i ngā wāhi whakakeke te kore tiakina i roto i te mahi o te pūrere taua ranei. Hoki te tiaki mōrahi, te mea tūtohutia taua kanohi.

• Me kia whakanohoia te kurupae i roto i te uhi paruru kore-huritao mura ātete ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te rongo poka noa ahi ranei. Hei hāngai te kurupae ki te whakamahi i mata antibody viewfinders tuarua ranei; A ape i hāngai puaretanga kanohi.
• Hoki te kurupae whakamahi ngā tukanga tīaroaro te mana i raro. Ki te taea hoki te ngā tukanga tīaroaro tuatahi whakamahi i te pūrere iti-mutunga. A ape i te aroaro tikanga o ngā huritao i roto i te rohe taiaho.
• Rāhui te wahi o te kurupae i roto i te wāhi mōrearea i muri haora, te whakamahi i te marumaru, me ētahi atu mau fifi. Kaua e whakamahi i te taiepa o te ruma ki te hāngai te 3b piha kurupae taiaho me 4.
• Whakamahia mea kore-huritao. e kore e ētahi taputapu whakaata marama kitea, riro te reira i te whakaata i roto i te wahi e kitea o te tūāwhiorangi.
• Kaua e kakahu whakapaipai huritao. neke ake ano whakapaipai konganuku te mōrea o te ru hiko.

mōhiti tiaki

A, no te mahi ki lasers 4 akomanga ki te rohe ati tuwhera, i mōrearea o te whakaata kia whakamahi mōhiti tiaki ranei. Patohia tei ratou i runga i te momo o te radiation. Me tīpakohia ngā kia ki te tiaki ki whakaaro huritao, rawa haaparare i, me te ki te whakarato tiaki ki te taumata i reira ka taea e te pūpū korero tūturu ārai whara kanohi. pūrere whatu taua ki te pupuri i etahi ahua o te kurupae, ki te ārai weranga kiri, whakaiti i te taea o te tahi atu aituā.

Ngā āhuatanga ki te whakaaro, ka kōwhiri i eyewear:

• ranei te rohe roangaru o te tūāwhiorangi iraruke;
• absorbance i te roangaru ngā;
• illuminance mōrahi (W / cm ²⁾ te mana kurupae ranei (W);
• pato pūnaha taiaho;
• aratau Power - pākau i radiation taiaho aratau tonu ranei;
• kaha whakaata - Miratanga me te E ruia ana;
• te mara o te tirohanga;
• wātea o tīwhana fakatonutonu nui nui ranei ki te tuku i te mau o mōhiti mō te ako kite;
• whakamarie;
• tatau ventilation ki te ārai misting;
• whakapehapeha i kite tae;
• pānga resistance;
• te kaha ki te mahi i nga mahi e tika ana.

Mai e pängia ana ki te tūkino i me te kakahu i te mōwhiti, kia ngā hōtaka haumaru taiwhanga inspections wā o enei āhuatanga tiaki.