Harun al-Rashid: whāinga, paetae, hoariri. Kingitanga o Harun al-Rashid

Ko te hawhe tuarua o te BC rau 8 i tohua e te vaivai o te kāwanatanga pokapū, a ka wāhi mamao o te Caliphate te hiringa hou ki te whanaketanga. tu ki te whakamārama o ngā rerekētanga whānui i roto i roto i ngā Baghdad. Tino hohoro ka he whakapaipai ahurea me te tōrangapū o te kingitanga Muslim nui. I roto i te tere whakawhanake pa kaihokohoko, kaihoahoa, hoia - i kitea te katoa te mahi. Ka taea e te hanga e te tino angitu te mahi angitu me te riro fakafuofua'i 'te Caliph, ko tona ingoa - Harun al-Rashid.

Tales me Reality

tales Arab tapaea tatou ki te rangatira o Baghdad rite te kaiwhakaruruhau ataahua, me te whakaaro nui o te kaihoahoa me pūtaiao, philanthropist me te kaihanga. Ko te whakapakoko o Harun al-Rashid i na mīharo e muri i waiho tona ingoa i te kupu whare, e hūanga te tangata ohaoha e hua ana ki te kaha, pai, me te tika. Ko te mo'oni ko, rite tonu, ka tahuri atu ki te hei tales patupaiarehe nui atu prosaic.

caliph tamarikitanga

I roto i te pa tawhito o Ray, e te mea tata ki Iran, i roto i 766, i whanau ia i te mokopuna o te nui Al-Mansur - te kaiwhakarewa o te whare Abbasid, e kua roa kua kingi e te caliphate nui. Ratou taonga atu i te rohe o India ko Haina ki te takutai Atlantic. Ruau o Harun al-Rashid ka whakaturia Baghdad. ka whakamutunga te wa o whanau o te caliph heke mai te pa taonga, me te whai rawa, te whakapaipai matua o ai ko te whare o te Caliph. ka Khan te whaea o te pononga Yemeni heke mai i te ingoa o Al-Hayzuran e hanga Caliph tona wahine iti, a ka marenatia ia.

pau Harun al-Rashid tona tamarikitanga i roto i te ngawari, te wahine whakatarapi, e karapotia ana e hoa, te utuafare, me nga kaiako whakaaro nui. Ahakoa te taonga o te a tawhio noa, ka tupu ia kaha, me te kaha - kaikopere pai, me swordsman, ko te kaieke pai. Mai kōhungahunga, ko ana kaitohutohu māngai o Barmakids whanau rangatira, me te kuao Jafar al Barmakids i roto i tona hoa pai mō ngā tau.

Ko te pakanga tuatahi

I te tono o te whaea o Harun i te kuao tau o ono tama a Caliph ka mau ia wahi i roto i te pakanga hōia ki te Byzantine Empire. Ko reira mārama i whakahau ia te pono iti, he whawhai katoa atu kau taki hōia mātanga. Ahakoa maha calumnies, e muhumuhu i roto i te taringa o tona papa, nga hoariri o Harun al-Rashid, i te whakama o. whakakitea kainga Young toa tino i roto i te whawhai me te ara, a taea ia te whakawhirinaki ki atu take matatini.

I muri hoki mai i te tautiaki, i whakaritea Harun al-Rashid ki te tohutohu i Ifriqiya (inaianei kei tenei whenua kei runga i te rohe o hou Tunisia), Armenia, Azerbaijan me Hiria. I roto i te rārangi o contenders mo te torona o Caliph, ko ia te rua ki tona hawhe-teina Musa anake.

Ko te kingitanga poto o al-Hadi

I muri i te matenga o te caliph ka mau a Musa te torona i raro i te ingoa al-Hadi. Tona teina, maka ia ki te whare herehere, ka takoha ki te oati e kore e kore Harun al-Rashid e titau ki te torona, a ka mahi pono tona teina-kawana.

Ko te whaea o Haruna me tona hoa Jafar te oati taua kore ki te hoatu ture i ora-poto o al-Hadi i tona caliphate. I roto i te 786, ka mate ia ohorere, ka i whakakapi e Harun.

Whāinga Harun al-Rashid

Ko te pakanga mo te torona o te kingitanga - ko reira he riri roa, me te toto. I muri e kake atu i te torona, tonu te taitamariki Harun mea tuatahi ki te tākaro i te tūranga ränei, ka kingi te whenua o tona kaiako me Barmakids kaha. I roto i tona whakawa i arahina te kuao Caliph i te mau haapiiraa o tona ariki Yahya ibn Khalid, he rota o te wā, ka hoatu e ia tona whaea, e hakeaki'i ia ki te torona.

I muri i te matenga o tona whaea, Kei te āta Harun al-Rashid pae whakakahoretia o te mana o te Barmakids hapu kaha, me te e te whatumanawa i roto i o ratou ringa. Ko te hoariri matua o Harun al-Rashid he inaianei - ona hoa o mua, me ngä kaiakopono. January 29 803 tau i nga ringa o tona vizier Jafar te patua - he roa-tu, me te hoa tino piri pono o te Caliph. Ko te he i whakahe ki filí ingoamuna kupu māharahara o te Caliph ranei - te pono, e kore matou e mohio. Mai i te kaiarahi i tārewatia hoki kaiako o te Caliph, me tona kaitohutohu Yahya ibn Khalifa i kiia tūturu ake i roto i te whare herehere.

caliph Kaupapahere

Kingitanga o Harun al-Rashid, e taea te huaina te tau koura o te caliphate. painga i hōia herekore pehi noho tata iti ki te whai pai marau i runga i nga waho o te kingitanga. whakamātau katoa ki te whakakā i nga mura o te whawhai nanakia tāmia. I roto i tenei wa āhua rangimarie o te hokohoko e raruru. Pea ko reira kaihokohoko Arab nei hoko ki katoa mohiotia te ao, te rongo horapa e pā ana ki te Caliph hou rite te rangatira ohaoha, me te whakaaro nui.

Ahakoa paku tona rangatira o Taare, me te rangatira hōia pakeke, ko tairongo ki te reo o pūtaiao, me te tohu ki te hunga rawakore Harun al-Rashid. Puta noa i tona kingitanga, inoi ana ia ia. Hoki nga theologians me kaitito tatau tonu tuwhera, maha Harun whakarongo ki a ratou, tuku ki a ratou te whakamāori i te Koran, ki himene waiata o whakamoemiti i roto i to ratou ake wāhitau.

Mua i roto i te pūtaiao, me te hanga

Ahakoa te tikanga whānui, to tatou motuhake whanaunga i roto i Abissidskom caliphate pa. Khalifa aru nga angitu o pūtaiao i whenua rerekē tona caliphate, ka karangatia ki ona kairangahau tino pūmanawa me kaihoahoa. hohoro Na roto i tenei huarahi o te mea ka whakatutukitanga rongonui Harun al-Rashid, ako te katoa ao Arab. Ko te caliphate hanga piriti me pereoo, hanga levees me pāpuni, te taheraa whenua mutunga maroke o te Caliphate. He ko he ratonga poutāpeta pokapū, i roto i Europe i taua wa e kore noa i rongo. Ko te ara tira i roto i te rohe o te Caliphate tiakina i kaipahua i, mutu haere i hōtēra, kahore wehi hoki to ratou oraraa, me penapena.

hoahoa nui

Ko reira ngā e, kia rite ki te kotahi tumu kōrero, i tino Harun al-Rashid whakaaro kaupapa mō te tūhono i te Moana Whero ki te romeyskoy wai (Mediterranean). Hoki te whakatinanatanga o tenei mahi i te Caliph nga tikanga, me te whai wāhi. paopao tenei kaupapa i roto i o te kāwanatanga mō ngā take haumaru - rangatira o te Caliph tino wehi whakaekenga o nga kaipuke Byzantine me ratou pakaruhanga ki te rohe o Hejaz. Toutou hoki ki tenei whakaaro i muri, neke atu i te kotahi mano tau, hanga i runga i te pae o te kaupapa tahito o Suez.

Ko te wahine o te Caliph

Maoro, marenatia te taitamariki Caliph. Tona whiriwhiri ko Zubeydda Ibn Dzhafar, te mokopuna o te Caliph al Mansour. tika ki te kia pēnei ki tenei wahine ngā maha whakatutukitanga o Harun al-Rashid o matau. Kua hanga e ia he takoha nui ki te whakaātaahua o te pa, me ona tukunga ki nga ara o Baghdad i te rama pouri tino muranga, ko ia tetahi o nga wahine tuatahi ki te mahi i te mahi aroha. i hoatu e ia tana tahu, me te tama, ariki Abu Abdallu Al Allah, nei i tetahi wa ko te kainga ki te kingitanga o tona papa.

Caliph me te karakia

Aroha me te karakia rangatira maere ngā ki tona huru tōkeke ki ētahi atu mau faaroo. I roto i nga ra wawe o tona tikanga, whakaaturia ana e ia he murunga, murua rau o kaipahua me tahae, engari i mahue i roto i nga herehere o te iwi, te tikanga o te Qur'an he rerekē i te mua i. I roto i te ao hristinskom kia e huaina enei iwi hairesi. i te pera-ka karanga zindīq ki kanga nuitia nga mahi he, me te hanga i etahi utu mo tona tuku. i waiho i raro tauiwi ki whakaitinga i roto i te caliphate ka i raro ki ture atu pākaha. Hei tauira, kua araia ratou ki te kakahu i te taua hu mau e etahi Mahometa. kihai i tukua ratou kia eke hoiho - te tikanga matua o te waka mo Karaitiana me ētahi atu infidels whakaaro kaihe. Kihai koa te tautoko o te caliphate me nga tangata piri ki a te tahi atu mau haapaoraa. I roto i te tau 806 Harun al-Rashid i roto i ngakau nui karakia ki te hanga Ihirama anake te karakia i runga i to ratou whenua, ka mea ia te whakangaromanga o nga temepara Karaitiana katoa i roto i o ratou whenua, i roto i te meka araia ki te mahi Karaitiana i tona caliphate.

Nga ra whakamutunga o te Caliph

Ko te kaupapa here pukuriri o Ihirama tu i roto i ruia te mutunga kingitanga nehenehe roa Abbadinskogo caliphate. Kua kitea Various ngā o te whakapono Muslim ratou kaitautoko i runga i nga waho o te kingitanga nui. Whakaoho i roto i Ihipa, Tunisia me Central Asia. tahoroa pakanga maha i te taonga, a ka ui te aro tonu o te rangatira. maha Khalifa i ki te arahi fakatāutaha te pakanga. I roto i Harun hoki i tetahi taua pakanga, i te 809 tau, i rokohanga e ia i te mate. Kei te mea te reira e ko te kupu whakamutunga o te caliph: ". Immortal, he tahuti noa"