Garden Ring, Moscow: hītori me ngā whakaahua

Kei te whakapono te reira e tīmata te hītori o te Moscow Garden Ring i te rau tau XIX. Na awa ki keria huri noa te pa tawhito, i takiwā me te wahia taiepa whenua. I timata tenei wahi ki te puta i te kāinga ki te māra, me ngā māra mua, i hanga te ara, i kei nei i roto i te porohita o te whakapaipai.

pa oneone

I roto i 1591 i runga i te whakahau o Boris Godunov timata karikari a tawhio noa Moscow. I roto i te tau, i maka ana ake he pukepuke, a ki runga ki i hanga runga o taua mea o te taiepa oki, e whakatika e pā ana ki 5 mita. He ko e pā ana ki te rau turi, me te putanga 34 o te pourewa. I tua atu, me te take i runga i te taha ki waho keri poka, e i muri tonu i te wai. Ko te hiahia mo te taua taiepa a tawhio noa te pa, ka whakatika i muri i Moscow tukua marau kino hōia o Khan Kazi Giray e.

Kainoho Nō tenei whare Skorodomom, te ingoa mōhiohio - te pa oneone. Just haere mai kia huaina ki, me te rohe i waenganui i White City me te take, me te awa Moscow. Here i ora ai kaihokohoko iti, kaimahi me peasants. Otiia i kapi Zamoskvorechye te nuinga kaikopere. Ko te aha te tonu huaina tenei wahi te District Musketeers.

I roto i nga wa raruraru kua tahuna taiepa (1598-1613) oki ki pourewa iho, engari ko te poka. I muri i runga reira hoatu matou e awhitia ana o runga whakakoi o rangitaki matotoru.

Ko te ora tuarua o te pekerangi

I te mutunga o te rau tau XVII, tenei pā ngaro tona whakaaro taketake. I puta ke te reira i ki te ahua o tikanga rohe o te raina pa. Mai i ngā taha rerekē i roto i mua o te whatitoka o ki Moscow puta hokohoko. Ko te rongonui tino o ratou i o Smolensk me Sukharevsky.

I te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII te take, a ki reira te pa, wāhanga whakangaromia, a i roto i to ratou wahi e hanga e whitinga me te wāhi katoa. I roto i 1812, i te whare katoa i nga i tetahi taha, o ona taiepa, i ngaro i te ahi.

hanganga

I te 1816 ka whakaritea e te reira ki te wahia te toenga o te pekerangi, me te meake me keri poka beneaped. I runga i te Komihana whare i roto i Moscou i runga i te pae whakaritea te hanga o te huarahi porohita whanui, whariki ki cobblestones. I raro i poromu papa, a tangohia ana anake 25 m o tawhiti i waenganui i nga rārangi e rua kei whare moni ka ki 60 m. I roto i te homeowners toe wāhi i ki te wahi i wana i to ratou ngarahu pai. Ko te kupu ka anga ki te hanga i Garden mowhiti (Moscow).

Kua i te 1830, i ngā whakatinana te kaupapa. Te kore māra mua ko te torutoru noa pae kei roto i Zamoskvorechye, me rohe. tahuri Smolensk ko Zubovskiy rakau ki boulevards me Novinsky - i roto i te wāhi i whakatoea mo hakari, na noho ia tae noa ki 1877.

mowhiti Garden (Moscow) haeretia whakawhanakehia. I roto i 70-doma o te rau tau XIX reira nga ara whariki mo Ruxmaniben, e haere ana ki te umeraa hoiho. Tenei ahua o te waka i huaina Conca. I te tau 1912 i whakakapia reira e te atu hou. Kua riro te reira Ruxmaniben i runga i te hiko. Ko te ara i i haere ratou, ka mana i huaina "B", ka Nō te iwi reira "bug".

Ko te timatanga o XX rautau

I te timatanga o te rau tau hanga te Garden Ring (Moscow) i ake hakune. Hea e kore roa i mua i reira nga whare iti-ara, i reira i kore anake whare tiketike-ara whakahaere, me te arumoni engari ano hoki noho.

Ka rite ki matau koutou, te timatanga o tenei rau tau, e kore i te reira ata. I roto i te 1905, i roto i te revolution, i roto i nga waharoa, me ara e he wahi o te Garden Ring, kua kua whawhai taimaha. Ko te wahi ki te hauauru o te tino matotoru kapi i ki parepare, i te tikanga nei ki te tiaki i rohe o nga kaimahi '. Ko te pakanga hūtoto i waenganui i ngā hōia kāwanatanga me ngohi pāhoro puta i runga i ngā wāhi Kudrinskaia, Crimean ko Zubovskaya.

I muri i te Oketopa Revolution o 1917 i roto i te whare fare whakaturia i mua e i expropriated i ratou rangatira, homai kaimahi. I tua atu, i te hanganga o ngā whare hou tūmatanui, me te noho, ko Smolensk ko Sukharevsky hokohoko hohoro katia.

atu panoni

I roto i te tau 30 ka anga matou ki te whakatinana i tētahi mahere mō te hanga anō o te whakapaipai, i roto i nei i katia ai me te Garden Ring. Moscow me tona ahua āta ke. hipoki ara timahia i ki uku. Hoki nui whakawhānui halá mā te demolishing nga kari mua me Ruxmaniben i Whangärei ki runga i te ara "B", i whakakapi i te trolleybuses hou. Tonu, whakaritea waka i roto i ki tonu i anake i roto i te 1963. Puta noa i te awa Moscow hanga e rua piriti: Krasnokholmsky ko Crimea.

A, no te whakapakaritia te Pakanga Patriotic nui, te Garden Ring i roto i nga wahi i hanganga tiaki. A i roto i te waenganui o te raumati o 1944, i muri i te hinga o te ope Soviet o ngā hōia Nasí i Peraruhia, hoki i reira he mahi nui riro i roto i te pakanga o te whawhai.

I muri i te whawhai, tonu he hangaia anō hao o te whakapaipai. Ko te maha o taua wāhi, ki te kia puta, a ngā Garden mowhiti. āta, Moscow, i ora te whakaahua i te hunga wa riro te titiro atu hou. Mai i 1948 me mo te 6 tau i muri i roto i te rohe o te Garden Ring i hanga e toru o te skyscraper Stalin rongonui whitu.

I roto i te 50s whariki te raina arā raro Ring, i te mea te wahi tonga o te teihana "Park kultury" me ki te "Kursk" i haere i raro i reira. I roto i te tekau tau i muri, tonu matou ki te waihanga anō i te Garden Ring. Ētahi o ona ara e ara ake whakawhānui, ka tahuri ki huarahi hou ki subways, flyovers, whakawhitiwhitinga me huna. I roto i te waenganui-90 i runga taua mea rāhuitia te wahi o taraka taimaha.

uara

Tenei Ko tetahi o nga Junctions ara tino nui o te pa. Length mowhiti Garden i Moscow -. Raina waka Porohita a taka te wahi pokapū o te whakapaipai ko te 15.6 km me te whanui o te 60-70 m, ko reira te roto o te ngā maro huarahi matua e toru, a haunga te matamua. mowhiti Garden rerekē popoketanga tino, na reira he maha maha kiromita i hanga ngongo. Heoi, ahakoa tenei, ko reira tika tonu o te whakahaere i ona mahi.

rohe

Ko te hanganga o te Garden Ring ngā o 18 tapawhā: Whakamanamana, Mahara, iti ko Big Sukharevskaya, Lermontov, Gate Whero, te whenua take, Hiha Kunikova, teihana tereina Kursk, Taganskaya Paveletskaya, Serpukhov, Kaluga, Crimean, Zubovskaya, Smolenskaya-Hay, Smolensk ko Kudrinskaya . He nui ētahi, he iti nui, me te iti mohiotia noa ki Muscovites ētahi atu.

Tikanga, tīmata te kōrero o te Garden Ring i Triumfalnaya Square. Na ko kahore he aituā tenei. Kia pokapū nga kawa kuwaha o Moscow mahi rite te ra-hakari Whakamanamana Square, i riro tenei ingoa i roto i 1992. I mua, i te ingoa ia i muri i V. V. Mayakovskogo.

Tuatahi, i roto i tenei wahi, i roto i Tver kuwaha, i reira ko tetahi whakataunga pa oneone tika whānui. E te rau tau XVII te rohe ka he mākete, a ka puta mai te reira i te tuatahi kikorangi whakamanamana, whakaarahia i roto o te rakau. Āta, i hanga te rohe ki runga ki te whare, a te wahi i reira he inaianei he kari "Aquarium", noho i mua i te harotoroto me kari no ki te Novodevichy Monastery.

Ko te ahua hou o te tapawha i roto i te 30raa, ka i tapahia te tapawha ki raro, a ka hipoki te rohe kei te ki uku. Kia konei, he tohu o V. V. Mayakovskomu, kua riro te reira i te wāhi rongonui mō te momo o pānui whiti.

Ko te nuinga o "e kitea" ka whakaaro ki te hei i te rohe o te Crimean Hiha Kunikova. te ingoa i te kotahi tuarua te i muri i te hero o te Soviet Union, whai wāhi i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I runga i tenei rohe e kore ko te whare kotahi i reira, mai hāngai ratou katoa ki nga ara a tawhio noa. Mō te taua Kunikova manatu tohu anake.

ara

I tua atu ki te wāhi o te Garden Ring a ngā maha ara. Ko te roa o ratou - te whenua take. Ko tōna roa -. 2000 m I 1938, ka whakaingoatia reira Chkalovsk, rite reira kotahi noho ana he VP paerata Soviet rongonui Chkalov. hoki te ingoa tawhito o te huarahi i anake i roto i te 1990. I tua atu, kua whai pānga te reira ki maha ingoa rongonui o te iwi e noho ana a mahi i konei i ngā wā rerekē. Hei tauira, te kaituhi S. Ya. Marshak, rererangi VM Petlyakov, academician A. D. Saharov, kaipeita K. F. Yuon, me te tini ke atu.

Ka rite ki Square, te huarahi o te Garden Ring (Moscow) i to ratou ake hītori. Ko te kore e maere tenei, mai i te whakapaipai e te hītori roa. whakaaro Sadovaya-Karetnaya te poto, no te mea ko etahi o tona roa anake 406 m. puta te reira i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX. e pā ana tōna ingoa rua ki te kotahi tipu konei kari, me te huarahi tata, ka karanga raupapa wha-wira. i wahia Tata katoa nga whare o nga whare tawhito i roto i te 70 o te rau tau whakamutunga.

te wahi ki te noho

Tata katoa ngā i roto i te pane, te kore ranei pā Garden mowhiti. Na konei, ko te tahi mea kia kite. E te ara, e patua ana nga ratonga ki tūruhi hotera "Garden Ring" (Moscow). Kei tōna whare te i te pūtahitanga o te taua ingoa o te aho waka me Prospekt Mira, i roto i te rohe taone. E kore e matara atu ana i reira ko te Whero Square, he matatini hākinakina "Olympic", te Botanical Garden me Institute. N. V. Sklifosovskogo. "Garden Ring" - te hotera (Moscow), i te mea pai mo e rua tūruhi me te iwi pakihi.