Designs me ngā momo o piriti

Piriti - he huanga faufaa o tata katoa awa, te āwhina ratou ki te hinga ngaahi fakafaingata'a'ia'anga tika ki riro iti ratou tawhiti, a ki te tiki i te pūwāhi "He" ki te tohu "B" ko atu māhorahora, me te tere. Ki te haerenga mai o ngā rauemi hou me te hangarau whakaaro matatini whitinga hei mooni.

He aha te mea te Bridge

Piriti - he hokohoko atu o te ara i runga i te pikipiki. Nuinga o ngā wā, kua patua ratou i roto i te arai te wai, engari ka taea e hoki te hono i te taha o te pakohu teihana ranei. I roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o te hanganga ikiiki i roto i ngā wāhi tāone ki te hanga i te piriti mo te kaupapa o nga rori, hanga he whakawhitiwhitinga nui. Ko te kōrero taketake o ratou hanganga he Tīpae me tautoko.

Whakarōpū o piriti waihanga

Ka taea te whakarōpūtia momo o piriti rite ki te maha paearu:

• i runga i te whakaaro matua o te whakamahi;
• otinga mārohirohi;
• rauemi hanga;
• rite ki te roa;
• Whakahaere kati;
• i runga i te parau tumu whakahaere rānei.

Mai matoli iwi rakau i tetahi pareparenga o te awa ki te tiki i ki te tahi atu, ka mau te reira i te wa roa, me te hoatu he rota o kaha i roto i te hanga o ngā hanganga engineering. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira he momo rerekē o piriti. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

kurupae

Materials mo ratou hanganga ngā rino, me ona alloys, raima whakapakaritia, ka ko te rauemi tuatahi he rakau. Ko te āhuatanga matua i roto i te amo hanganga o tenei momo ko nga kurupae, te μtorsional¶, e whakawhiti te kawenga i runga i te turanga tautoko o te piriti.

Kurupae me te μtorsional¶ he wahi o te hanganga motuhake e huaina nei i te ingoa o "rere". Tīpae Ko te afa, papatohu me kore tapahi, i runga i te kaupapa hononga ki te tautoko rānei. Ko te tuatahi o ratou i rua waewae i ia taha, kia whai toitu he maha nui o amo, i runga i te hiahia rānei, i te cantilever piriti Tīpae tua atu i te wāhi tohutoro, te wahi e hono ai ki te Tīpae muri.

tairanga

Hoki ratou maitai ahumahi, maka rino, castings raima poraka ranei. Ko te rauemi tino tuatahi mo te whare o piriti o tenei momo, he kohatu, toka tito o enei poraka nukurau kotahi ranei.

Ko te pūtake ko te hanganga kikorangi (kikorangi). tairanga haurangi maha Pūhui ara ranei tereina moenga te piriti. kia whai Halá e rua ngā wāhi: i runga i te hoahoa i raro i reira ranei.

Kotahi momo ko te kākano - kikorangi-cantilever piriti, i reira hono rua poluarki i te tihi, ka titiro rite te reta "T". kia ngā te hanganga tairanga o tetahi whanganga, a ka taka ki runga ki te tino kawenga whanau matua. Ki te titoa te piriti e o te maha ngā hanganga hono, ka tuwha te kawenga kei ki takawaenga me te mutunga tautoko katoa.

piriti whakatārewatanga

rauemi Main mo te hanganga i roto i tenei take - whakapakaritia te parahi raima. Waihanga whakaturia i roto i nga wahi i reira e kore e taea ki te tāuta tautoko takawaenga. Pylons tautoko mema e hono e taura. Hei pupuri i te piriti i roto i te huru pūmau, e eke nga pylons i runga i taha ritenga, i waenganui ia ratou whakahaeretia taura makoha hononga ki te whenua, te wahi e te humarie piri te reira. Na roto i te totoro waea whakapae whakaritea poutū, piri ano te mekameka e ka tautoko i te koaka o te piriti. Ko te pakeke o te mata piri ki kurupae me te μtorsional¶.

piriti taura-noho

rauemi Construction - maitai, whakapakaritia raima. Ka rite ki nga ritenga teka, titau ratou hoahoa pylons me taura. Ko te rerekētanga ko e te pūhui taura-noho ko te kotahi anake e herea hanganga piriti katoa, kua titia taura arā kore ki te kawe whakapae totoro, engari hāngai ki te tautoko mutunga, hanga i te hoahoa riro atu mārō.

Pontoon

"Māngi" e kore e te whakawhitinga i te anga mārō, me te kōrero ki te uta. huihui ratou hanganga i ngā wāhanga motuhake ki te hononga turanga. He rerekētanga o tenei momo o piriti he whakawhitinga naplyvnye. Nuinga o ngā wā e ratou hanganga rangitahi e whakamahia ana ki te whakatū i te wa nga aukati wai tio. He mōrearea i roto i te wā o te oaoa rahi i runga i te wai, whakatere uaua, me te nekehanga ki runga ki a ratou te iti ki taraka maha-ton ratou.

piriti whakarewa

Te nuinga o piriti hou tā te whakamahi o whakarewa i roto i te kawe o te hoahoa. Hoki rawa te wa roa, whakaaro te piriti whakarewa i te ahua tino roa o ngā whakaurunga. Ki te rā, ko te nui, engari e kore e anake te wāhanga o te Whakawhiti hoki tenei rauemi.

Ngā momo o piriti whakarewa:

• hoahoa tairanga.
• Viaducts ki tīpae.
• Iri, taata.
• Trestle ki pou raima whakapakaritia, i huihui i pūhui konganuku Tīpae.

waihanga maitai i te painga o te noho pai o te kohinga, kia tata e hanga ngā momo katoa o piriti rerewē i tenei rauemi. Kua hangaia nga wahi whakarewa i ngā tikanga ahumahi i te wheketere, e taea te whakaritea te rahi. Tei runga i te kaha o tikanga e ai e te huihui, preform i hanga wheketere heke mai pūhui mārō.

Ka taea e kia tika Kohuatia hanganga o nga wahi i runga i te pae o te whakaminenga whakamutunga. A, ki te i mua i a koutou ki te kawe i roto i te hononga o te mongamonga huinga o te rere, i teie nei te warou ki te kaha toronga o 3600 taranata, i taea e pai neke me whakaturia ake ki runga-whakarewa whanau whanganga.

painga o ngā hanganga parahi

Ka rite ki te rauemi mo te hanga o piriti rino te uaua whakamahia hoki o tona resistance waikura rawakore. Pikitia riro rongonui maitai nui-te kaha, me ona pūhui. Ka taea te aromatawaitia tona mahi pai mō ngā kaupapa pēnei i ngā momo piriti taura-noho, ki te pahure nui. He tauira ko te piriti Moscow puta noa te awa Dnieper i Kiev Obukhov ranei piriti i roto i St Petersburg.

I roto i te hanga o piriti rerewhenua whakamahia whänuitia ana ngā hanganga whakarewa ki te μtorsional¶. he whai hua i roto i te mahi i te painga matua o enei rongoā, tere o te hanganga me te tuuraki o nga wahi takitahi, te utu āhua iti o te hanga, te taea o te hanganga o ngā whakaurunga wawe tonu i runga i te wāhi e wātea ana me te i roto i tetahi rohe matawhenua.

piriti rakau

Ko te piriti tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te tangata i hanga o te rakau. e kore e taea te whakamahi roa enei whakaurunga kahore tiaki tika, mahi tiaki auau, me te whakakapinga o nga wahi me toromoka. Ko reira uaua ki te hanga, me te fragility o te rauemi. I tēnei wā i raro i hanga i te momo e whai ake nei o piriti rakau:

1. Tei runga i te pūnaha - kurupae, haereere.
2. Tei runga i te hoahoa - hanganga pākete ki Tīpae, piriti wharikitia.

hanganga rakau o te hanganga mountable tino ohie, a reira tere. E patu te kurupae tautoko ki te whenua ki te hohonu o te 4 m. I runga i nga pito o runga o te puranga ki titi maitai pai ki te pupuha, kua herea puranga katoa ki kotahi, kei te whakatakotoria ki runga ki runga o te kaupapa tukutuku. I roto i te hanganga o te piriti rakau he mea nui ki te hanga i tētahi hanganga pairing kaha ki te nuinga o te whenua i pito e rua, kua mahi i te reira ki te whakarite i pūmau te piriti.

Na i reira ko te huru te whakaoranga o te hanganga o piriti rakau, e pā nei te ki te haerenga mai o te hangarau hanga o rakau veneer Whakakirihōu, atu ātete ki taiao pukuriri, ope waho me te torsion ko atu roa i roto i te mahi, haunga kore e tona roa whakawhirinaki i runga i te tipu māori o te rakau.

Poetics me Practice

I roto i te St Petersburg reira e 93 arawai, konei tae atu awa, awa, awa, me te tata 100 Faarii. kōrero i riria i waenganui i nga motu me nga wahi o te pa whakarato nga piriti, o nei i reira e pā ana ki 800, o nei 218 he hoki pedestrians. Mai te timatanga o te hanganga o te pa kua whakapumautia he iho o whare piriti, kahore nei he kua kore te St Petersburg. He wāhanga o tona hoahoanga, hītori, ngā tikanga, me te ahurea ratou.

Pea, i roto i tetahi pa o Russia kia kaha whakamahia whakawhiti razvodnogo, e rua i roto i St Petersburg.

whakaaro te tohu o te whakapaipai raki te ki kia kotahi o nga piriti matamua - Palace. I hanga te reira e te kaipūkaha Pshenitskogo A. P. me hono Admiralty Island Pere o te moutere o Vasilyevsky. Modern tikanga ara 700-ton hanganga whanganga pokapū mō te irava o te oko.

Te Matihiko roa i roto i te St Petersburg ingoa i muri i Alexander Nevsky. Ko tōna roa ko te 905,7 m, he irava pokapū te whakarite i hanga o whakarewa, i te waimehatanga hanganga, ko te 2 anake meneti.

Ngā momo o piriti St. Petersburg ngā te hītori katoa o te piriti hanga - i te rakau tuatahi ki te maha-motokā hanganga taura-noho hou. Big Obukhov Bridge, hei tauira, kua he roa o 2824 m, me tenei ra ko reira tetahi o nga whakaurunga engineering tino whānui i roto i Russia. Kei te tito te reira o rua nga wahi ōrite whakarara, i whakaritea he wha waka -way.

pūrākau St. Petersburg

I roto i te St. Petersburg, i roto i te nui o ngā momo o piriti e aroaro, i reira e koroheketia, kua waiho tohu o te wā kua pahemo, engari e kore kua ratou whakaaro ke, ahakoa tupuria ki pumanawa, me te romance kōrero. Na, kihi piriti mo te awa o Moika rata ana tūruhi ki tona ingoa, engari tupu te reira i te ingoa o te Potselueva kaihokohoko nei potatory whare "Ko te Akuma" i tū i muri ki te perepoti me ki te hihiko whaiāipo, kahore ki te mahi i he te ingoa.

tupu pūrākau Interesting i Foundry Bridge, i reira whakatika kōrero whakaari tonu, no te te ripa. Kei te whakapono te reira e riro tetahi o nga pou kohatu turanga te patunga kohatu Atakan. Na depressing reira ki te taha e ka whakapataritari whakamomori. Hei whakamarie te "toto" toka, etahi tangata maka i te piriti ki te awa Neva moni, me te riringi waina whero. Ano, Ka taea e tokomaha e tautohe e i te Foundry kia kitea wairua o Lenin.

Ko te nuinga o piriti roa Russian rima

Ahakoa kore te hanga i te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait, e rima whakawhiti nui-tauine ko e whai ake:

• piriti Russian i roto i Vladivostok. roa hanga o 3100 m, whakatuwheratia i roto i 2012 mo te wa tuatahi e pā ana ki tona hiahia ki te whakaaro i roto i 1939, engari mohio i te wā nei.
• Whakawhiti i roto i Khabarovsk. Ko tōna roa ko te 3891 m. E rua rarangi. Ko te whakatuwheratanga o raro o te waka rerewhenua, me i runga - he motokā. Tona whakapakoko e kopare te pire e rima mano tāra.
• Whakawhiti i runga i te awa o Yuribey. Kei runga ake te Arctic Circle i te motuhake District Yamal-Nenets. Te roa o te hanganga - 2893 m.
• Bridge mo te Amur Bay kua he roa o i whakatuwheratia te reira i roto i 2012. Ko te pūnaha rama ngā, e āwhina ki te whakaora ake ki te 50% o te hiko 5331 m..
• Te peresideni Bridge mo te awa o Täingäwai i Ulyanovsk. Ko tōna roa -. Kawea 5825 m hanga i roto hoki 23 nga tau.