Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich: he haurongo poto, whakaahua, toi, meka o te ora

Ko tētahi o nga whika tino rongonui i roto i te ahurea Russian o te mutunga o te XVIII - tenetere wawe XIX ko Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Ko ia he ahua nui, a ka rite ki te Statesman me rite te rohi pehe, ko wai te mea te kaituhi o te rotarota tino rongonui o tona wa, î ki te wairua o te he Māmá. Torutoru iwi taea rave i te reira nui mo te whanaketanga o te tikanga o tona whenua, pera i Gabriel Derzhavin. Haurongo me te mahi o tenei tangata nui, kahore he feaa, tika ako taipitopito.

Ko te hītori o te

Ko te aroaro tīmata koe ki te ako i te meka o te ora Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, kia a titiro poto ki te aamu o tona utuafare.

Derzhavins Family whai pakiaka Tatar. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te ahua whakaaro Horde Murza Braga, e piri i roto i te rau tau XV i te mahi o te Duke Grand o Moscow Vasily II te Dark , a ka iriiria e te ingoa o Ilya. Hoatu e ko te faafariu hou he rangatira nui Tatar, hoatu Prince ia te ana'iraa o te rangatira.

I matou he tama Brahim Narbekov i te bapetizoraa i huaina Dimitri, te tama mātāmua a te ahua i puta Narbekova, me i te teina - Alexei Narbekova, ka karanga te Power tika i hanga whare Derzhavins.

Ko te uri o nga kaiwhakatū o te ahua o tino Russified, e te nuinga te titiro atu nga marenatia tini ki ngā māngai o te rangatira Russian, ka mau tūranga nui ki nga rangatira, me nga kingi o te kāwanatanga Russian. I roto i ngā, i te kawana, ki ana pononga. E Here he uri noa o te whānau rongonui a ko Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich.

tamarikitanga Derzhavin

Life Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina timata Hōngongoi 3 (rite ki te fakahokohoko tawhito) 1743. Ko reira ka e i whanau ia i roto i te kainga o Sokurov Kazan Province i te hapu o te āpiha hōia Roma Nikolaevich Derzhavin me Fokly Kozlova.

Nā ki te āhua o te mahi hōia whānau N. Roma i ki te neke tonu i wahi ki te tuu. Heoi, ngaro Gavriil Romanovich tona papa i 11 tau.

timata te pehe heke mai ki te farii i te mātauranga i te tau e whitu, ka i tonoa e ia ki te ako i te whare i te āheinga. Heoi, e tika ana ki te rawakore, i whakataka iho te whānau i muri i te mate o imi, ki tonu ratou mātauranga i tino uaua. Otiia, i te 1759, tae Gabriel Derzhavin i Kazan i te momo hākinakina kura, e kua pai puta i roto i nga tau e toru, e whakaatu ana etahi o nga putanga ako pai. Heoi, i runga i tenei mutu tona whakangungu. whakaaro mātauranga taua ara i roto i aua ra i ausia.

Tonu i muri tu'ite, i haina Gavriil Romanovich rite te hoia tūmataiti i roto i te kaitiaki o te Faahuru. I reira ka timata ia ki te tuhituhi i te irava tuatahi. Hei wāhanga o tēnei kōwae whai wāhi ia i roto i te tukipoto i te 1762 ki te turaki i te Hiha Pita III me te faateronoraahia o Catherine, muri Nō te nui. Tenei meka Ko ki te whānuitanga nui kitea i roto i tona mahi i mua nei.

He tekau tau i muri i te tukipoto Kapariera Derzhavin hopea riro te ana'iraa o te rangatira, me te tau i muri mai te tuatahi whakaputaina ana rotarota. I te wa ano, whakanuia e ia ia i roto i te whawhai ki te tutu o Pugachev.

Te ratonga tūmatanui

I muri hekenga i te hōia i roto i 1777, whakawhetai ki ona ake tono i roto i te pukapuka ki te Empress Catherine, haere Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich ki te mahi ā-iwi. I tua atu, riro ia tetahi atu 300 kaimahi i runga i. I muri i tetahi atu e ono nga marama riro kaitiaki i roto i te kaumatua. I te 1780 ka e ia he kaitohutohu i runga i te moni te kāwanatanga me te whakapaunga, i te mea rawa he tūranga pai.

rongo hōrapa rite te rohi pehe riro Derzhavin i 1782, me te whakaputanga o tona ode "Felitsa" whakatapua ki te glorification o te Empress Catherine II. O te akoranga, ki tonu i te whakapati ki te tangata rawa, ko tenei mahi, engari i te wa ano, i reira tino toi, me hāngai wāhi ki te umanga atu o te kaituhi. Ko te whakawhetai ki a ia, i riro ia te manakohia o te Empress Kapariera Derzhavin. Tona haurongo i roto i te heke mai ngā o haereraa i mua te mate mahi. I roto i te taua tau ka e ia he runanga kāwanatanga.

I roto i te 1783, i whakaturia te Academy i roto i St. Petersburg, me pehe mai whakatuwhera kua riro te reira i te mema tonu.

Heoi, e kore e taea e matou te mea i tino pai ia katoa i roto i te mahi tūmatanui. Nā ki te pakanga ki te rangatira matua Vyazemsky, tona kaiwhakaruruhau o mua, mutu ia Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. hanga haurongo poto e taea ki te arotahi ki runga i nga ngā katoa o te take.

Heoi, kua i roto i te 1784 i tonoa e ia ki te whakahaere i te rohe Olonets i Karelia. He piro Gavriil Romanovich uaua nui i roto i te whakatūnga o te ora tūmatanui, me te ōhanga o te rohe, reira whakaatu tona tiketike taranata whakahaere. Tenei wā o te ora, me te whenua, aia e te rohi pehe, whakatapua he tinana nui o whiti Derzhavin.

E rua tau i muri mai whakaratohia e ia he tūranga atu pai o te kawana o Tambov, sulivshuyu atu moni me mau haamaitairaa.

Keokeonga o te mahi

Na, tutuki atu me te ake ratonga tiketike Derzhavin Gavriil. Poto, i roto i te 1791, ka e ia hēkeretari o te Empress Catherine, ka whakanekehia ake i muri e rua tau ki te paetukutuku o te toofa me alea'anga romiromia,. Mai i tenei i runga i humarie tatou e nehenehe e te mea e hanga ai Derzhavin ki te whiriwhiri o te hapori Russian.

I roto i te 1795 amuamu Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich e pā ana ki te taitara o te Peresideni o te College Tauhokohoko - he mana tūmatanui, ko tona mahi i ki te whakahaere me te hokohoko mana. O te akoranga, ko reira he tūranga rawa pai.

I muri i te matenga o Catherine, i roto i te kingitanga o Paora ahau Gavriil Romanovich ka kaitiaki kāwanatanga me te rangatira o te kaumatua Chancellery. A, no te mono o Paora Alexander ahau i roto i 1802. ka Derzhavin te kōpaki minita ki te riro Minita o te Ture. Ko reira te keokeonga o tona mahi mahi.

rīhainatanga

Otiia kua i roto i te 1803 i te tau o ono tekau tau, rihaina Minita Ture me kore hoki ki te mahi tūmatanui, noho ia tae noa ki tona matenga i roto i tetahi o ana whenua i roto i te kainga Zvanka Novgorod kawanatanga. He he maha o ngā take i arahina ki te meka i takoha ia ki te muri Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. haurongo poto ka taea whakarārangi tika ratou, kahore te tauwhāiti taipitopito. Tenei tau matatau, te rohirohi o te mahi tūmatanui o Derzhavin, me te mea matua - te hiahia o tona tango i makau hou Alexander I.

Heoi, i roto i tenei hui, i reira he āhuatanga pai: ko te rīhainatanga o Gavriil Romanovich whakaaetia ki te aro i runga i te mahi tuhituhi.

Ko te mahi mua

Creativity Gabriel Derzhavin he āhua tohu hoki tona wa. Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, te tuatahi o ana whiti i tuhituhi ia, kia rite ki te tūmataiti i roto i te Guard Faahuru. Heoi, i tuhituhi atu tenei Derzhavin rotarota ki ia i te ki te arotake whānui.

Ko te tuatahi o ana whiti i whakaputaina tau kotahi tekau anake i muri i roto i te 1773, ka tū kē Derzhavin he tūranga āpiha. Ko te kororia o te taumata kāwanatanga na kawea e ia he ode ki "Felitsa" whakatapua ki te katoa-Russian Empress Catherine II. Ko tenei mahi atutu ki kupu reka me piriniha whakamoemiti, engari i te wa ano ona hanganga te pōro āhua pīrahi, a mahi te ode kupu whakarite hoatu i runga i te par ki te fakatupu nui o rotarota hou ki a ia.

I reira i muri ka te whakaputanga o "Felitsa" Derzhavin tetahi o te tino rongonui kaitito o Russia o tona wa.

mahi anō

a Gabriel Derzhavin whakarau uaua. Facts o tona ora whakaatu e ara te rawa rangatira pou kāwanatanga, i kore wareware ia e pā ana ki te whiti. Tenei mahi wā ngā tuhituhi o taua mahi rongonui rite "wikitoria pohū Thunder," "Swan", "te Atua", "grandee", "Falls" me te tini ke atu. Ia o ratou kua ona āhuatanga ariā me ngā kaupapa e hāngai ana ake. Hei tauira, i whakaturia te "Thunder wikitoria pohū" ki te waiata, me te ki te waenganui o te rau tau XIX i whakaaro te waiata unofficial o Russia. Tētahi atu hanga o te rohi pehe "Autumn i te whakapaenga o Ochakov" ko he ahua o te pehe-te karanga ki te mahi ki te ope Ottoman. He hua pērā i "Swan" me "wairere" i tuhituhia i raro i te mana Derzhavina noho i roto i Karelia.

tuhituhi Derzhavin ngā whiti rite te lyric me epic, e hāngai ana ki te whakatairanga i te ngākau me te faateiteiraa o te Empress me te Russian Empire. I roto i ia o ana mahi i ona ake hā ahurei.

Ko reira taa'eraa e wātaka mai te nuinga o nga mahi tino rongonui o Gavriil Romanovich tika i te wā o tona whakatairanga mahi nui i roto i te mahi ā-iwi.

mahi Literary i muri i tūranga

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te rīhainatanga i mahi kāwanatanga tukua Derzhavin lī'oa wa ake ki rotarota me te tuhinga i roto i te whānui.

I te 1808, i tukuna e ia he putanga hou o ana mahi i roto i te rima ngā wāhanga.

I roto i te 1811, tahi me mutu atu ngā tau tāpua o Russian minita ahurea Aleksandrom Semenovichem Shishkovym hanga te hapori tuhituhi. Ko te hanganga o tenei whakahaere, tino tetahi o nga mahi maha e pai kia whakakake o Gabriel Derzhavin. haurongo poto, kāore, vāofi te hōkai o te kōrero, me te kore e whakaahua i roto i te taipitopito nga mahi o te hapori.

O ngā tuhipoka hei kua rongonui i roto i te hui a muri Derzhavin ki te rohi pehe nui Russian Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym. Heoi, i te ko Pushkin tonu he ākonga, ka a kahore kororia, engari Gavriil Romanovich, tango i te whakamātautau, ara i kite i taua wa reira nga makings o te poto. ka mau i tenei hui nui wahi he tau ki te aroaro o Derzhavin mate i roto i 1815.

whānau

I rua marenatia Kapariera Derzhavin. Ko te wā tuatahi i marenatia e ia i te tau o 35 tau ki te ono Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, nei ko te tamahine o te valet whakataka Emperor Pita III, he Potiti mua. No reira tenei ke mō te ingoa Russian. ka mau te marena wahi i roto i te 1778. I waenganui i nga putiputi i mana'o tino pawera, e kore te mea maere e, whakaaro te mau huru whaiaro Gavriil Romanovich me ataahua Catherine Yakovlevna. No miharo Derzhavin whakapono tana purakau wahine e faauru tona auahatanga.

Otiia e kore e he tonu oaoa, a roto ato'ai Gabriel Derzhavin he pouri nui. Tana wahine taitamariki, he tau 34 anake tau, mate i roto i 1794. Ko ia i okiokinga i roto i te urupā Lazarev i St Petersburg.

Ahakoa i matau Gavriil Romanovich pouri kahore rohe, i roto i nga marama e ono i muri i te matenga o tana wahine marena e ia mo te rua o nga wa. Tona wahine ko te tamahine o te tino kaiwhiu me te āhua runanga Darya Alekseevna Dyakov. I te wa o to ratou faaipoiporaa i tau 28 anake tau te wahine marena hou, i Derzhavin - 51 tau. Me mea te reira e, pērā te faaipoiporaa tuatahi o te rohi pehe, kihai i tenei uniana hanga i runga i te aroha, engari ki runga ki te auhoaraa, me te manaaki tētahi ki tētahi. ora Darya Alekseevna tana tane e rite nui rite 26 tau, heoi e kore e rua o te wa marena i haere mai i roto i.

kihai i tamariki i Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina, engari ka mau e ia te tiaki tamaiti o tona hoa mate Pita Lazarev, ko Anaru, Alex ko Mikaera tona ingoa. Ko te whakamutunga o ratou i roto i te heke mai hei te pionie o Antarctica.

mate o te rohi pehe

mate Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin i tona wahi Zvanka, te wahi enei tau katoa i muri i te rīhainatanga i te pou fakafaifekau ora ia. ¶ Na i te whitu tekau-toru o nga tau o te ora o te rohi pehe i runga i Hōngongoi 8 (kāhua tawhito) i roto i te 1816. I te wa o te mate o tona taha ko tana wahine pono Darya Alekseevna.

Otiia motu i tana wahine, te mate o te taua tao'a ahurea kaha o tona wa, o te akoranga, pouri te wahi nui o te intelligentsia Russian me nga takitahi mātauranga, me te iwi nei tika i maheni ki Gavriil Romanovich ka mohio ki a ia rite te tangata kaungāongo'i, me te pai.

tanumia Gabriel Derzhavin i te Faahuru-Tapu Cathedral, kei nei i kore matara atu i Novgorod.

Ko te hua o te ora, me te taonga tuku

i ora ai, kaua matatini, taonga me te ngā ora Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Facts i tona koioranga tohu te wāhi nui o tenei tangata i roto i te ora ahurea o te whenua, me te i roto i ngā mahi pāpori. O te faufaa ngā Ko tona mahi ki te Russian Empire i roto i ngā tūranga kāwanatanga. Ko te taonga tuku tino nui i mahue Kapariera Derzhavin - ko, o te akoranga, tona rotarota ngingila, tino i titiro e hono to'utangatá rite te rohi pehe, me uri.

Na inaianei i roto i Russia mahara taua mite i hanga Gavriil Romanovich i te whanaketanga o te ahurea motu. I runga i te whakamaharatanga o te rohi pehe nui itehia e urupa maha, steles me whakatū papa whakaturia Derzhavin i pa rerekē o Russia, i ngā, i Petrozavodsk, Kazan, St Petersburg, Tambov, a, o te akoranga, i runga i te rohe o tona e kikī Zvanka kei roto i te rohe Novgorod te wahi i pau te poto nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora. I tua atu, i roto i te kororia o Gabriel Derzhavin i roto i ngā hapori maha e huaina ara, tapawhā, whare mātauranga, me te pera i runga i. D.

I tua kia hanga whare taonga-whenua o te punake nui. Ko roto i tenei whare i runga i te ohipa i roto i te St Petersburg noho Gabriel Derzhavin. Whakaahua o te whenua i te kari Polish aroaro te raro nei.

Na, whakaaro tenei whare ko te whare taonga matua whakatapua ki te ora, me te mahi Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina. I teie mahana to ratou mana i te whenua i riro anake i roto i te 2003, ahakoa i hanga te whakatau i runga i te whakatū o te whare taonga i roto i te tau e rima i mua i taua mua. I roto i nga tau o mua, i reira ko hapori. Na, ko te whare, i te roto o nga ra katoa o Derzhavin.

O te akoranga, te mahara o te tuakiri tino pērā i Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, e kore e tika i te warewaretanga me kore e wareware i roto i Russia e kore.