Te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi: te whawhai matua. Pakanga Marine Tuatahi o te Ao te whawhai

Te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi - tetahi o te hūtoto i te hītori o te taata nei. anga pakanga i roto i 1914 ki te kōhurutanga Sarajevo. Pipiri 28, i patua Archduke Franz Ferdinand i kohuru, he ākonga i Bosnia. Tenei meinga fakaaoao i Europe, retracts whawhai atu me te ake whenua. Ka rite ki te hua o te whawhai i murua e wha iloa he i te mata o te whenua, i patua 10 miriona hoia me rangatira, te werohia e rima ngā wā atu i. Mass me te iwi nanakia mahara te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. whawhai nui o te Pākehā "mīhini" me tenei ra e patu i roto i tona hōkai me te pakeke.

mahi Tannenbergskaya

I roto i te ara tetahi, kua huaina hoki a reira i te pakanga o Grunwald. I roto i whakaae tenei whawhai i roto i te rāwhiti Prussia hōia Russian, te ope tuatahi, me te tuarua, i roto i nei i reira i 250 mano hoia, me te ope Tiamana taua 200,000 hoia.

tautohetohe tamau me te kore o te ruruku i roto i nga hoia Russian arahina ki taua wehenga katoa pakaru i a kino whakaturia hoki. Ka rite ki te hua, te patu maha hoia noa. Parekura i te taha Russian i atu hao: 150-200 mano, i kiia hoki tata 2/3 o te moni katoa e hāngai ana i roto i te rohe o te hōia. ngaro Germany 50,000 o ana kaupapa, e whawhai raro i tona kara.

rahua Russian ope Tannenbergskoy mahi. Na kua arahina tenei ki te meka i taea ki te whakawhiti ki te Western nui ngā mua nga Tiamana. I te wa ano ka tapahia te mua tere o ngā hōia Russian i Germany nga hoa o nga hoia Austro-Hungarian. Te fariiraa i kahore awhina i Prussia, ngaro ratou tetahi whawhai nui, Galician, i te mea rongonui mo te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ano hoki. hoki ngā pakanga Main te whawhai i roto i to ratou rārangi toto.

pakanga o Galicia

¶ Na i roto i te raumati, i Ākuhata 1914. hinga te atamira matua i te tuatahi o tenei marama. E ai ki ngā pūkete tukunga kōrero hītori, ka huihui ope Russian me Austro-Hungarian i roto i tau rite: i tangohia e ngā taha e rua wahi i roto i te whawhai o te 4 Army.

whawhai nui o te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau he taratahi me enei whawhai, i tangohia e wahi e tata ana ki Lviv, Galic ko Lublin, i runga i te rohe Ukrainian-Polish. Ko te whakarau o te pakanga Galician hiri i ka tata whawhati Russian Tarnavka ka anga ki te kōkiri. Tenei nui te awe te akoranga o ngā kaupapa, me te hei o ratou kāri tetere ki te whiwhi i te wikitoria hiahiatia.

e te parekura whawhai Galician i roto i te Austro-Hungarian Empire i nui: 325.000 hoia. Ko te tuatoru o nga ope Empire i runga i te Front Eastern. I muri, ua ite te hohenga o tenei mate i roto i te mahi hōia. Kāore i taea ki te tu ake i muri i te patunga ia, me te whakawhetai anake ki te awhina o nga Tiamana riro te ringa o angitu iti.

whawhai Sarykamysh

A paraparau e pā ana ki te whawhai matua o te Pakanga nui Patriotic (na ka karanga ia ki te aroaro o te tīmatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao), e kore e ki te whakahua i, me tenei mahi. whakataetae te reira i Russia me Turkey i te mahana o te tau 1915 hou. Ahakoa kua whakawhanake te whakahau Turkish he mahere a te tohunga: ki te hopu Karas me tino whakangaromia te ope o te Caucasus.

i atu hōia Crescent. i karapotia Russian i Sarikamis, engari tonu ratou ki te pupuri ki raro nga ope matua o te hoariri, me te ārai i tona ahunga whakamua. Taunga ki te āhuarangi ngawari, kihai ratou hoariri i tu i te hotoke pakeke. Mai i hukapapa me vero te hukarere i roto i te kotahi noa ra i patua o nga mano tekau o hoia Turkish.

Russian i tenei wa tatari, e ko te whakatau tika. haere mai i maoro ngā Sarykamysh, ka patua Crescent ope i. I roto i te katoa, patua tenei mahi e pā ana ki 100 mano iwi. Ko te whawhai nui o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, me te whakarato i tenei whawhai, mai kua kairau a reira he wāhi rautaki nui: kua te āhuatanga i roto i te Caucasus Kua tau, a taea te aukati i Russian tāwhai kawa - Turkey.

Brusilov ino

whawhai nui o te Ao War 1, e kore kahore maia me ngā pūkenga rautaki General Brusilov. I roto i te raumati o te 2016 i raro i tona kaiārahi whawhati i roto i te Russian i roto i te Front Tonga-Western. ngaro te ope Austro-Hungarian maha hoia me rangatira. Kei te patu i te ahua - 1.5 miriona mate.

noho Russian Bukovina ko Galicia. Tenei i akina nga Tiamana ki te whakakaha tona tūranga konei, na roto i te mau mai i ki te rohe ope atu i te mua Western. Ahakoa tenei, hoa a Russia whakakaha i roto i tenei rohe, beefed ano te Entente Romania, i iu ki te Union.

hōia Russian ngaro hoki te rota o aito toa. A pera ua faaite i roto i te whenua i te poipoi hou o roopu, te akiaki i tauhou ki te whakaki i nga rarangi mauriora ki o te ope. tarekatia nekehanga o tenei kāwanatanga e kaingäkautia poauau me te riri o te iwi noa. e kore e te iwi e "kai repo", no te mea kahore e kore te koroheke ranei te taitama i tohungia te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. whakaatu pakanga Main e reira i maha parekura i rua te Russian me te wahi o ratou hoariri.

Kerensky ino

I roto i te 1917, hurihia nga mua te arikitanga, a na reira mangai te akoranga o te whawhai i mua nei i te taha o te mau ohipa hou i roto i te whenua. anga ino Russian i Pipiri 1917, engari i muri i rua ra o nekehanga kaha atu ratou mutu ohorere. Ko te hoia whakaaro e he nui tenei, i mahi tino ratou ratou hopoi'a mo'a.

kihai hoki te Cub ki tu i roto i te rarangi mua. ka mau tenei takirimatia te katoa, me te tutu whānui wahi ki te puipuitua o nga defections auau, i nā te revolution. whawhai nui o te Pakanga o te Ao e kore kua kite ahau i te puranga taua o te hepohepo, me te whakaoho i roto i te kaimahi hōia.

I tenei wa, tango painga o te āhuatanga, patua Germany, a pana te wahi Russian o te tūranga tawhito. Kia te Army kaha, me te maia Russian mutu ki te tīariari rite te ope whakaritenga. he kore Germany wehi o tona hoariri, ka whakahaere ki te whakakaha i runga i akina katoa. a Russian ki faaoti te rangimarie Brest, kino, me te fakamā mo to tatou whenua.

"Goeben" me "Breslau"

whawhai Naval o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao patu ano i roto i tona tauine. Mai ka whakatata te timatanga o whawhai rōpū ki te pakanga whakarongo ki te moana nui. Ko te wāhanga nui mo te waka o te ope, rawa French. Hei haere kihai ano i riria wai Mediterranean ratou hoia, a France ki te whakangaro i te cruiser Tiamana "Goeben" me "Breslau", i cruised tata te rohe o Sardinia.

I roto i August 1914, pupuhi te kaipuke Tiamana e rua Alzhira Ports ka haere hoki Constantinople. No mea pehea ngana ana nga hōia Pākehā, engari tae kaipuke Tiamana te moana o Marmara. I muri hono i te kaipuke Turkish, "Goeben" me "Breslau" pupuhi i runga i ngā tūranga Russian i roto i te Moana Black. ke te reira i te akoranga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. whakaaturia Russia whawhai i runga i Turkey, i timata nga ope o Ingarangi me te Wīwī ki pā te Dardanelles. Ratou ite hoki e ko reira tika ki haamou i te Austria hoa Germany. kaipuke Anglo-French toutou whiti te Aria, tumanako Tūkorehu kaipuke Austria, engari e kore kua kawea reira te hua e hiahiatia ana.

Mahi "Dardanelles"

Ko tētahi atu pakanga manuao nui, totoro i te wa mo te katoa o nga tau 1915. Ko te pakanga ngā te ärai o nga Straits me te taunga o te taunga Anglo-French. Ko āhuatanga i möhio āhuatanga e te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. e kore e haere tonu whawhai nui me te mahere, i ētahi wā i taka te mahi. Ko te mea i tupu ki te mahere rautaki i huaina "Dardanelles". Taha parekura nui: i roto i te ope Turkish, tata 200 000 hoia whara, te Hoa - 150 mano. He mea mate, ka werohia, ka ngaro.

I roto i te Mei, piri te Entente Itari. I te wa ano, i taea e ki te tomo i te rohe o te Mediterranean submarines Tiamana. whakahaere ratou ki totohu te oko hokohoko 100 i ngaro tetahi anake o ana wae. Ko te kupu, ahakoa te āwhina o Itari, i taka nga Hoa i roto i te pakanga moana i roto i te tau 1915 ki te whakatutuki i te kairangi. Te tāpiri anake ko te hōneatanga o te ope Serbian, i patua te ope hoariri i roto i te taka.

Ko te whawhai i roto i te Moana Baltic

huaina ana tēnei taha o te moana te tuarua. Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, e kore e whawhai nui e puta kore anake i runga i te whenua, engari ano hoki i runga i te wai, bet i runga i te Moana Baltic. whakapono te Ingarangi te kaipuke Russian pau i muri i te pakanga Russian-Japanese, na e kore e tatau i runga i tona awhina. Paratiki nga kaipuke tawhito i ui ai anake.

Otiia i roto i August 1914, i reira ko te take e taea pā te akoranga o te whawhai i roto i tenei moana rangimarie me te ora. cruiser Tiamana "Magdeburg" rere te kaipuke i te Gulf o Finland. I maoro i riro ia Russian. kitea e ratou he pukapuka tohu o te kaipuke, hoatu ana e ia ki te Ingarangi - te takaro reira he wāhi nui i roto i te whakaaturanga o te KarereHuna manuao Germany. Mā te tenei matauranga, te purumu rahi te hoa he maha o ngā mahi angitu.

Ko wāhanga anake o te whawhai nui o te wa tenei. Na reira i na maha. whawhai nui o te Pakanga II o te Ao, ngā tūtohi, tepu, me ngā mahi whakairoiro, whakaahuatia ratou whanonga taipitopito i tenei ra i roto i te pukapuka hītori. Pānui ratou, ite tatou pehea toto timata i taua wā o te wa, a pehea uesia reira te whakarau o te whenua unu ki reira.