Krymskaya mahi whakahāwea rautaki. mahi Krymskaya (1944): kaha me te hanganga taha

Ko te kūrae o Crimea i nga wa katoa mo te tuatahi o te Russian Empire, a muri mai i te USSR ko te pokapū rautaki i roto i te Moana Black. Ko rawa nui mo te mua Army Whero Operation Crimea, me i te wa ano, i mohio Hitler e ki te homai e Peninsula, ngaro te Moana katoa Black. ka mau whawhai e mura wahi neke atu i te marama, me te hua i roto i te hinga o te kaiwawao Nasí.

i mua i pokanga

Mai te mutunga o 1942 - timatanga o 1943, i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i reira ko he huringa tuwhena: ki te whati te Army Whero ki tenei wāhi, inaianei ka haere ia i runga i te ino. Ko te Battle o Stalingrad ko te ati katoa o katoa te Wehrmacht. I roto i te raumati o 1943 i reira ko tetahi whawhai i te Kursk kotere, ka karanga i roto i te aamu o te pakanga tank nui i roto i nei ope Soviet rautaki outplayed nga kau Nasí ka mau ratou i roto i te o Tunihia,, i muri nei i te mate kē te Tuatoru Reich. korerotia nga tianara ki Hitler e te hokohoko atu o mahi hōia riro horihori. Heoi, ka whakahau ia ki te tu me te mau i te tūranga tae noa tata.

mahi Crimean ko he tonu o nga whakatutukitanga kororia o te Army Whero. I muri Nizhnedneprovsk piro ope German 17 o i mau i roto i te kūrae Crimean, i waho te taea o te whakakī, me te ngā. I tua atu, whakahaere nga hoia Soviet ki te hopu i te tunga whakamarie i roto i te rohe Kerch. fakamanatu kotahi ano teitei whakahau German e pā ana ki te hepohepo o te āhuatanga i te mua. Ki te whakaaro ki te Crimea, ka mea tino te tianara e waho te taea o ngā whenua noho ratou i reira mo etahi mate i roto i te ātete atu. kihai i Hitler whakaaro pera - i whakahaua e ia ki te pupuri i te korero o tenei wāhi rautaki nui. faataa e ia tenei e mea e i roto i te hui o te Crimea, Romania me Bulgaria ka mutu ki te tahuri kë ki Germany. I hoatu te tikanga, engari he aha i te huru o hoia noa ki tenei aronga me te i roto i te whānui ki te whawhai, ka timata ratou ki te Campaign Crimean?

maha korero pūkenga War anake e pā ana ki te toenga o ope o nga taha hoariri me ratou rautaki, e parau i te timatanga o te whawhai te whawhai kia rite ki te katoa, tatau noa te maha o te taputapu hōia, me te rahi o te whawhai.

Na, ngā whakapono e ki te kore whakatakotoria, nui reira he wāhi nui whawhai wairua. Na te aha i ki ia i ngā taha e rua?

Ko te ngākau o te Army Whero

Ki te i te timatanga o te whawhai, ko te ngākau o hoia Soviet tika iti, i roto i te akoranga o ona mahi, Stalingrad, kua tupu mīharo ia rawa i muri i. Na ko reira te Army Whero i roto i te whawhai mo te wikitoria. I tua atu ki tenei, o tatou hōia, pērā tuatahi nga marama o te whawhai, kua oti whakapakeke i roto i te whawhai, a riro whakahau te wheako e tika ana. tenei katoa kua homai huihui tatou i te painga tonu o te kai-noho.

Ko te ngākau o te ope German-Romanian

I te timatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao mīhini hōia Tiamana e kore e mohiotia hinga. whakahaere Iti iho i te rua tau i roto i Germany ki te hopu tata katoa o Europe, ka haere mai ki nga rohe o te USSR. Ko te ngākau o te hoia o te Wehrmacht i i te teitei. whakaaro ratou ore ratou. A, haere ana ki te whawhai i muri, kua mohio matou i roto i te mua e ka waiho reira upootia.

Heoi, i roto i te mutunga o 1941, te tuatahi tutaki nga kau Nasí ātete nui i roto i te pakanga mō te Moscow. I roto i kontroperatsii maka ratou Army Whero i te pa ki te tawhiti o runga 200 km. Ko te patu ki to ratou kiritau-a, tino nui, ratou ngākau.

aru tenei i Stalingrad, Kurskaia whawhai pakaruhanga pā tīmata Leningrad Crimean mahi whakahāwea rautaki. Ko te Tuatoru Reich i whati i runga i akina katoa. I tua atu i te meka i patua nga hoia Tiamana i tetahi e tetahi, he ngenge noa o te whawhai ratou. Me pēhea te e hamani tatou ratou rānei, engari he ratou iwi rawa, ko ratou hapu, i aroha ratou, ka hiahia ki te whiwhi hoki te kāinga. Ki a ratou, Kei te kore e hiahiatia ana tenei whawhai. Ko te ngākau i te kore.

Forces o nga rōpū. USSR

hei mahi Crimean kua tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic. I māngai te Army Whero e:

• mua Ukrainian 4, i whakahaua e F. I. Tolbuhin. Tuhinga reira o te Army 51 i raro i Ya G. Kreyzera.; 2 tiaki Army i raro i te G. F. Zaharova; 8th Air Army, whakahaua e T. T. Hryukina me 19 Panzer Corps, te tuatahi ko raro i te I. whakahau D. Vasileva, i muri nei whakakapi e IA kihi.
• Army Takutai Independent, he i roto i te ngohengohe ki General AI Eremenko, engari te whakahau o 15.04.1944 i whakanohoia ki runga ki te K. S. Melnika, nei ko te Rūtene-whānui o te ope.
• Black Moana Fleet, whakahaua e Admiral FS Oktyabrsky
• 361-m radiodivizionom takitahi Sevastopol.
• Azov kahupapa, arahina e Rear Admiral Gorshkovym S. G.

Forces o nga rōpū. Germany, Romania

riro Defence i mahi te kūrae rite te ope Wehrmacht 17. I te Mei 1, 1944 i whakaritea ai ki te whakahau a General Corps Karl Allmendinger. I titoa te Army o 7 Romanian me 5 wehenga Tiamana. Kei te tari matua matua kei roto i te pa o Simferopol.

mahi Crimean i runga i te wahi o te Wehrmacht i te puna o 1944 ko o te āhua ārai. Ka taea te wehea rautaki Territorially ārai o te Wehrmacht ki 4 ngā wāhanga:

1. Te Tai Tokerau. Kei te whakahau o enei ope i roto i Dzhankoy, i reira i takiwa me rāhui. E arotahi hanganga e rua i:

• 49th Mountain Corps: 50, 111, 336 th Infantry Division, te Brigade 279th o patu huaki;
• 3 Romanian kaieke corps tënei o 9 eke hoiho, 10 me te wehewehenga hoia 19.

2. Te Hau-ā-uru. Ko te rohe katoa i Sevastopol ki Perekopa i tiaki i te Tuhinga e rua o te Division Romanian Cavalry 9.

3. Te Tai Rāwhiti. ka mau nga ngā wahi i runga i te Kerch Peninsula. Here awhina:

• 5 Corps (73th me te wehenga hōia 98th, ropu 191 pū huaki);
• 6th Cavalry me 3 Mountain Infantry Division Romanian.

4. Tonga. te rohe tonga katoa i Sevastopol ki Feodosiya haereerea ka mau 1 Romanian Mountain Corps.

Ka rite ki te hua, hāngai te ope i roto i te ara e whai ake: te ara raki - 5 wehenga, Kerch - 4 wehenga, ki te tonga, me te rohe ki te hauauru o te Crimea - 3 wehenga.

I whakarewahia mahi Crimean ïa i taua pūhui whakaritenga whawhai.

Ko te toenga o ope o nga taha hoariri

kaha	USSR	Germany, Romania
iwi	462400	195000
Artillery me ngā mōtā	5982	e pā ana ki 3600
Tanks me pu whaiaro-tīhokatia	559	215
seti	1250	148

I tua atu, i te Army Whero 322 ngā tūemi o taputapu o te Navy. whakaatu ēnei tau he painga i tau nui o te Army Soviet. korerotia tenei whakahau o te Wehrmacht ki Hitler i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi whakaaetanga haere toe i roto i nga ope pā ki.

mahere o te rōpū

kite nga Sovietí i te Crimea, a te nuinga i roto i Sevastopol, te turanga matua o te Black Moana Fleet. Ki te rironga mai o tenei ahanoa i roto i tona whakamahinga o te Soviet Navy taea e atu watea, me te ake pai kawe i te mahi o te moana, i ko tika mō te haereraa i mua atu o ngā hōia.

Ko hoki Germany pai mōhio o te Crimea ki te toenga whānui o te kaha. mohio Hitler e taea e te mahi rautaki ino Crimean arahi ki te mate o tenei bridgehead nui. Ano, Adolf maha korerotia ngoikore ki te aukati i te Army Whero i roto i tenei rohe. Te nuinga pea, i mohio ia kua te hepohepo o te āhuatanga, engari ia e kore i te tahi atu whakaaro. hoatu Hitler te tikanga ki te paruru i te kūrae ki te tangata whakamutunga, i roto i tetahi take, e kore e tangohia e te reira i te USSR. whakapono ia kaha Crimea e arai hoa pērā i Romania, Bulgaria ko Turkey e tata ki a Germany, me te mate o te tūemi, ka arahi aunoa ki te mate o te tautoko o hoa.

Ko te kupu, ko te rawa nui mo te ope Soviet te Crimea. Hoki Germany, ko ia faufaa.

Tīmata Crimean ino

rautaki Army Whero ko pānga nui tukutahi ki te raki (i Syvash ko Perekopa) me te rawhiti (Kerch) aru whakatairanga pokapū rautaki - Simferopol me Sebastopol. I muri i taua, i te hoariri ki te kia wahia e ki ngā rōpū motuhake, me ki whakangaromia, ki te ārai i te taea o te hōneatanga ki Romania.

I te 3 no eperera, te ope Soviet, te whakamahi i ana patu taimaha, whakangaro pa kaha te hoariri. 7 Aperira, i roto i te ahiahi, reconnaissance, i whakapumautia te wāhi o ope hoariri kua hanga. April timata 8 mahi Crimean. e rua nga ra o nga hoia Soviet i roto i te whawhai e mura. Ka rite ki te hua o parepare o te hoariri i pakaru. I April 11, i muri i te 19 Panzer Corps i te nganatanga tuatahi ki te hopu Dzhankoy - tetahi o nga tari matua o nga ope hoariri. timata taiao hanga wehi Tiamana, me te Romanian, a taea i te raki me te rawhiti (Kerch) ki Simferopol me Sebastopol.

I te ra ano ka mau te ope Soviet Kerch, ka i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o te whakatoi o te hoariri whati ki te rererangi. timata hoia Wehrmacht Fetukutuku i te moana, engari patua nga ope Black Moana Fleet nga oko evacuees, hua i roto i te ope Fascist whanaunga kua ngaro 8.100 iwi.

April 13 i tukua te pa Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Yevpatoria. Ko te ra i muri mai - Sudak, te ra i muri i taua - Alushta. ka haere mai te mahi Crimean i te Pakanga II o te Ao ki te mutunga. Ko te mea i anake Sevastopol.

guerrillas takoha

He kaupapa motuhake o te whakahaere, ko te pakanga, me mahi huna o Crimean. mahi Crimean, i poto, ko te kotahitanga o te ope, me te guerrillas i roto i te whakatutuki i te whāinga noa. E ai ki tata, i reira nga he katoa o e pā ana ki 4,000 iwi. Ko te whāinga o ratou mahi, ko te whakangaromanga o muri, whakaputa ke, kōrero o te hoariri tuwhera me rerewē, puranga i hanga i runga i nga huarahi maunga. whawhati nga guerrillas mahi i Yalta tauranga, e nui faingataa te hōneatanga o hoia Tiamana, me te Romanian. I tua atu i kähaki te whāinga o te mahi o nga guerrillas i ārai i te whakangaromanga o te ahumahi, kamupene waka me municipalities.

Ko tetahi tauira o te mahi pakanga kaha Here. April 11, i roto i te taui o te Army 17 o te Wehrmacht i Sevastopol, ka mau nga guerrillas te pa o Stary Krym, me te hua i tapahia te ara ki te hoki whakamuri.

Kurt Tippelskirch - General o te Wehrmacht - nga ra whakamutunga o te whawhai whakaahuatia i roto i te ara e whai ake nei: kua kaha te guerrillas i roto i te mahi mahi ngātahi ki te hōia Soviet me ki āwhina ratou.

Sevastopol Sturm

E April 15, 1944, tae hōia Soviet te turanga matua - Sevastopol. Kua timata Teuteu mo te huaki. E te wa oti te mahi i Odessa, i tū hei wāhanga o te Dnieper-Carpathian. Odessa (a Crimean) mahi, i roto i nei kua te rohe raki me te raki-hauauru o te moana Black kua tukua, hanga he wāhi nui ki te Victory.

Ko te whakamātau tuatahi e rua ki te hopu i te pa o te 19, ka ko momoho te 23. timata te reira huihui ana o ope, me te supply o kai, wahie, me te kariri.

I Mei 7, i 10:30, ki te tautoko rangi nui, te whakaekenga a te rohe taiepa o Sevastopol. Mei 9, tomo te Army Whero i te rawhiti, ki te raki, me te tonga-rawhiti o te pa. Kua Sevastopol kua tukua! timata te toe hōia o te Wehrmacht ki whakamuri, engari i Cape Chersonese i mau e te 19 Panzer Corps, te wahi ka mau ia ki te whawhai whakamutunga, i hua i roto i te ope 17-th i tino pakaru, a 21 000 hoia (tae atu i te rangatira) i riro tahi herehere taimaha taputapu me ētahi atu patu.

hua

Last tunga Wehrmacht i roto i te matau-Bank Ukraine, kei roto i te Crimea, i roto i te mata o te Army 17 i ngaro. Ngatangatá ngaro i neke atu i te 100,000 hoia Tiamana, me te Romanian. Ko taua nga parekura whānui ki te 140 mano hoia me rangatira o te Wehrmacht.

Hoki te Army Whero ngaro te riri o te ahunga tonga o te mua. Kua he hoki o Sevastopol - te turanga matua o te Black Moana Fleet.

Ko te mea tino nui - ko e te Soviet Union i muri i te mahi Crimean whai mana i roto i te peihana Moana Black. Tenei meka tino whakangaueuetia ake nga kaha o nga tūranga Tiamana i roto i Bulgaria, Romania me Turkey.

Ko te pouri tino whakamataku i roto i te aamu o to tatou iwi i roto i te rau tau XX - te Pakanga Great Patriotic. mahi Crimean, me te nga etahi katoa, i ngā pānga pai ki runga ki te tīmatanga me ngā rautaki, engari kia rite ki te hua o enei papatu rau o nga mano, a te tahi mau taime milioni o tatou iwi i patua. Crimean ino i te whāinga rautaki nui whakaturia e te kupu Soviet. ka mau a Germany i roto i 1941-1942. ra 250 mo te hopu o Sevastopol. hapa hōia Soviet 35 ra ki te tuku i katoa o te kūrae Crimean, 5 o nei i hiahiatia ki te tupuhi Sebastopol. Ka rite ki te hua o te mahi angitu hanga tikanga pai mo te haereraa i mua o te ope patu Soviet i roto i nga Balkans.