Cyril-Belozersky Monastery: hītori, whakaahua, whakaahuatanga, hoahoanga, icon. Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te ohu St. Cyril-Belozersky?

kia mohio katoa tangata ratou hītori me ki mahara ona takenga. te wahine e noho Modern o Russia āta ite te hohonu te mana, me te o te tupu o te kāwanatanga, i te mea he wāhanga nui o te hītori o te ohu whakapono. Interesting i roto i tenei horopaki whakaaro te ki kia St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery. He aha kia kite i roto i te ohu whakapono? Ata, whare hahi, nga wahi o te ora me te inoi o maha iwi rongonui. Na roto i o te ohu te whakarau e taea e pai nui ki te ako ki te ora me te pehea Russia tipu tona hītori.

turanga

Waihanga rā ohu Cyril Belozersky i te mutunga o te rau tau 14. I tenei wa i roto i Russia reira ko he poipoi o hanganga o monasteries rite nga pokapū ōhanga, ahurea, me te wairua. I tīmataria te timatanga o tenei tukanga e Sergiy Radonezhsky, nana nei i hanga te Tokotoru-Sergeev pakiki i 1342. Kua rite te pūtake o te Pākehā Monastic o Russia te tuhinga i whakaaetia nga monasteries ki ake whenua. Ko te tauira tuatahi o Radonezh pahono ki Dmitry Prilutsky nei kitea Nicholas Monastery. Na ka whakaturia tetahi hoa o Sergey Kirillov Belozersky i roto i te 1397 i te ohu whakapono hou. Kei Cyril Belozersky ohu te i runga i te taha o te moana o Siverskoye i te pa o Kirillov, Vologda rohe.

I roto i te mutunga o te whakataunga rautau 14 i runga i Siverskoe Lake mai moke Cyril Belozersky, te keria he ana i runga i te uta me tīmata ki te arahi i te ora mokemoke. Ko te kupu ka timata te hītori o tetahi o nga monasteries nui rawa i roto i Russia.

Life o St. Cyril

Mō te ora pāpori Kirilla Belozerskogo, mohiotia iti te. He ko he putanga e i heke ia i te whānau pai, engari hohoro mahue he pani, a maru ia ariki Timofey Ilich Velyaminov, e mahi ana i te marae o te Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy. ka tangata Young te kaitiaki o te rangatira nui, engari rawa tukinotia e te ora fakamāmaní, ka hiahia ki te haere ki te ohu whakapono, ahakoa Velyaminov a ko ki reira. Mahrischskogo inoi o Tepene, he hoa o St. Herekiu o Radonezh, i āwhina te tangata taitama ki te waiho i te mahi, me te haere ki te mahi ki roto i te Simonov Monastery. Here tupu te Reverend heke mai ki te whakatau ia ia Herekiu, nei maha ia i kōrero roa.

whakakitea e ia mahi nui mo austerity mārō i te ra tuatahi o te mahi Kirill. hiahia ia ki te whai 2-3 anake ra, a te uta koe mahi pakeke me inoi. Ko te kaumātua Michael Smolensky, nei ko te papa wairua o te tangata taitamariki, ka korerotia ki a ia ki te kai kai i nga ra, tahi ki te katoa, me te hoatu ai ki te mahi i te parāoa. inoi a Kirill rawa pakeke a mahi pakeke. tohaina Herekiu roto ona kuraina a nga wa katoa ki te toronga ki te ohu whakapono korero ki a ia. Monk Kirill roaa to ratou ngakau nui fakalotu te faatura o ana hoa, a ka i roto i 1390 pōtitia ratou ia Archimandrite o te ohu whakapono. ratonga Cyril kohia he tokomaha nui o te iwi (tae atu ki te rangatira), e rau te takoha nui a ui te Kaunihera Ven. i mohio a taua whakarongo ratou ki te riri nui, a ka rapu ia ki te inoi mokemoke.

Kotahi ra i ia he kitenga i roto i i tuhu te wahine ki te White Lake, te wahi me ia ki te hei. mahue Cyril te ohu whakapono, me te tahi ki haere te Reverend Ferapont ki te moana. Keria e tikohu, ka anga Cyril ki te hanga i tona feat inoi me FERAPONT wehi o te pakeke nui o te wahi, a haere ana ki tetahi atu wahi, i reira hanga ano e ia he ohu. tau torutoru Cyril anake ki te ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino. hinga te reira tamata ahu whenua paina ki te whakaturia te ahi ki tona hideout, tamata ia ki a pahuatia, engari i nga ma'i katoa puritia Mother tapu o te Atua. Āta i hanga huri noa ia ko ha ongo iti, me tīmata te ohu ki te tupu. hokona Apo te whenua, hanga te tūtohinga o te ohu whakapono, āhuatanga nei i te nanakia nui, kohikohi whare pukapuka ohu pai ka tuhituhi e rave rahi pukapuka ki ona tuakana i roto i te whakapono. I roto i te 1427 mate St. Cyril, mahue he kawenata ki a Piriniha Andrew Mozhayskoe ki te tono ki te pupuri i te ohu whakapono, me te whenua haumaru hokona hoki ia. I te 1547 i taimí Cyril he tapu o te Ekalesia Siu.

Ko te hītori o te ohu whakapono

Ko te wāhi i roto i i hanga St. Cyril he ohu i roto i te rau tau 14 i motuhake. He noho he rota o te iwi nei i hokohoko ki te mahi, no te mea i konei i reira ko te ara hokohoko rawa moni i te raki ki Moscow. A, no te reira ko te mōnike, timata noho rohe ki te māharahara e ka hoko ake ia ratou te whenua, me te faaere ratou o ratou moni. tino a Cyril te whakaaro me te kaha ki te hoko whenua. Āta neke ki te kainga o te ohu te rota o te rohe, a ka utu ia i te kapa ki te hanga i te temepara, i ko te hahi o te whakaaro. Cyril ohu hanga i runga i te tauira o te ohu whakapono Simonov, te wahi pau maha nga tau.

timata te hītori o te ohu St. Cyril-Belozersky ki te kuraina e rua i haere mai nei i te mutunga o te ora o te Rev. i reira kua pā ana ki 50 novices. he tiketike rawa Cyril pono, a ka i taea ki te riria te kāinga siokita o ona whakaaro ia. Āta horahia e tapu rongo tona, me manene ki te ohu whakapono tae ki takoha e hanga reira taea ki te whakawhānui i tona mana pupuri o te ohu whakapono. I roto i te rau tau 2 ka te ohu te ariki feudal nui o te rohe, piri ia ki raro i tona tikanga ake atu i te 20 mano kaimahi, me te whenua nui. ka ui nga taiepa o te ohu St. Cyril-Belozersky te roha rite te pai kia rite ki te maha o kuraina me manene anake tupu.

te tino pokea ana

mai te ope ki tonu o ratou mana Cyril Belozersky ohu i muri i 1446, i muri i nga ngā fakamamahi o te hurihanga o te torona Basil II, nei i fakakuihi ka takoha ki te whakaae i te mana o te oati i runga i te ripeka e kore e taau ia mo te torona Moscow. I muri i taua, i whakahekea e ia ki a Vologda, te wahi i ia i roto i te whakarau i roto i Ferapontov ohu whakapono. I roto i te haerenga Basil St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery Abbot whakawāteatia ia o tenei oati, manaaki ki te hoki ki te kaha. hoatu te kaha mana kore, ka maia tenei, a ka hanga e ia he haerenga, i roto i nei hoki e ia ki te torona. I muri Basil î ki te faatura noa rahi mo te ohu, me te atawhai whakapai i te kuraina. hoatu e ia ki a ratou te whenua, a hoatu whakaaetanga mō te ohipa-free hokohoko puta noa te Moscow State. hoatu te reira ki te ohu whakapono he kaha nui, te mana, me te mana. I taua wa, kei te whakawhānui i te ohu whakapono ona mahi, ngenge o kuraina ora paku ngoikore, e te reira te rota o te iwi taonga, nei mau ô kia taea reira ki te whakapiki ake i tino holdings whenua, a tae noa whakarei te mana o te ohu whakapono.

A, no te tīmata te Abbot Tikhon hanga nui, e ngā te titiro hou o te ohu whakapono. Whakaahuatanga o te St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery o te wa ta e ko te reira he kamupene pai-mahi. Ko te kuraina mahi pakeke, ka mau nga manene ki te mahi i ngā ratonga hahi, whakaako iwi i runga i te ara, ka hokohokona ana te tote, me te ika, ara kararehe me te taro. Ko reira he kaha ōhanga nui, i okioki me te rangatira Muscovite i roto i te whawhai mo te mana o te rohe te raki.

I roto i 1528 tae mai te ohu i te taha o Vasily tuatoru ki tana wahine, inoi ratou mo te ahua o te kainga, a ka rite taua, kua puta ratou, Kei te anake tipu te mana o te ohu whakapono. Tenei tamaiti, e riro i muri rongonui Ivanom Groznym, titiro atu he ora te ohu whakapono, i ia toru nga wa i ki a ia, ka foaki he maere $ 28 mano e whai ake nei i te tauira o tona papa. I mua i tona mate, ka mau e ia taurangi i roto i te St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery.

I roto i te rau tau 16 i roto i te ohu whakapono reira ko tetahi whakaaro nui mo te whenua. Whakaturia taiepa ki pourewa i āwhina i roto i te Time o akina te tu i te whakapaenga, me te rave rahi mau aroraa kaha hoariri o Poland me Lithuania. I muri i taua, ko te kingi, te ite i te faufaa o te ohu rite te pa, whakahau ki te hanga i te torutoru pourewa, ka whakakaha i te taiepa. Ka rite ki te hua, ka te ohu he mahi kaha ārai.

E te rau tau waenganui-17 i reira he he a tawhio hou o te ohu o te angitu. Ano whakahaere i roto i te hanga tere o te takoha nui o Alexei Mikhailovich, e hiahia tiakina te pa te ara hokohoko ki te Moana White i te Swedes, me te te whakarite i konei he wahapu haumaru i roto i te hui o te pōuri. Ko konei e te kingi tukulotoa riri o tona iwi tautäwhi me te mōkai Boris Morozov , a tae noa etahi o te boyars, iwi ore. Ko mutu te "tau koura" o te ohu i te mutunga o te rau tau 17.

Te paheketanga me te whare herehere

I roto i tona kingi te ohu tae mai e Pita te nui. Ko reira timata noho ki te ngaro tona auraa motu rite te whenua i reira e pa hou i runga i te rohe Paratiki. Hoki te take taua, ngaro uara nga ara hokohoko haere i roto i te whenua ohu. Ko te hanganga o Pita meinga te nui kino ki te mana ōhanga o te ohu whakapono. I tua atu, e hiahiatia ana te Hiha te hōpuni e e te reira ki te hanga i te ohu whakapono. I roto i te 18 me te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19, ngaro te ohu faufaa ōhanga me te uara ahurea, kei te pirau, he maha whare te ngaro ranei. I roto i te 1864 e atu i te whenua ohu whakapono, me te whakataunga, te wahi i nga pononga, tahuri ia ki te pa i ora Kirillov Catherine II. whakaratohia Preservation o te matatini e te meka e kua e ia he mahi atu.

Ahakoa i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 15, ka anga te ohu ki te tākaro i te tūranga o nga wahi o te mau herehere ana, i konei tuku rangatira tawainga me minita. Na, i konei i kitea e ahau whakatoia rerenga Metropolitan Skripitsyn. Hoki Ivana Groznogo pa Cyril-Belozersky ohu ko te wahi haumaru ki te tirohia ki te hoariri, a ka tonoa e ia a ratou konei i roto i ngā tau nui. Etahi o te taua, wehi whiu tata i runga i te kingi, ka tae ki a Kirillov ratou. kitea Heoi tawainga Metropolitan Sylvester rerenga konei i fakatangá. Tata nga mema o te tane katoa o te hapu o te rangatira tino mutu ano Ivan Vorotynsky ona ra i roto i te ohu whakapono. tonu e ia te iho, me te Fyodor Ivanovich, e haere ana ki Kirillov mana Prince Ivana Shuyskogo. I roto i te rau tau 16 i konei whakahekea mua Patereareha Nikon o Moscow, e kua ora i konei mo te rima tau whakamutunga o tona ora uaua.

Cyril-Belozersky ohu i roto i te hotoke, ko te titiro tino depressing, me te kimi konei i muri i ngaro te mana ōhanga me te tōrangapū, ko reira he whiu, nui atu i te manaaki. Ka rite ki te wahi o herehere matua i whakamahia Kirillov tae noa te rau tau pokapū o-19. Na ka kua ka ora ake te kāwanatanga Soviet tenei iho.

Ko te wā Soviet

I muri i te revolution, timata i te crackdown i runga i Minita, me te Rector o te St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery Varsonofy i koperea i roto i 1918. Kuraina me novices, i kore ake atu i te rua tekau mā, e tohaina ki ētahi atu monasteries, whakaraua noa ki Siberia, Kazakhstan me Central Asia ranei. I te 1924 i te mutunga katia te ohu whakapono. tahuri te matatini o whare o te ohu i ki te whare taonga, e te i te mutunga o nga 60raa i wehea ki hītori, hoahoanga me te toi whare taonga-rāhui. Tenei i kawea mai i nga urupa o te hoahoanga rakau o te rohe, kua hoatu reira tahi te kohinga pai o ngā ata me mau api hahi. Etahi o nga whare i runga i te moutere o te ahi i whakamahia rite te whare herehere. tonu ana tēnei āhuatanga ki tenei ra.

fanauraa

I roto i te 1997, ngā te matatini ohu Cyril Belozersky i roto i te rārangi o te tiaki pae ahurea o te whenua. A i roto i te 1998, i whakawhitia te ohu ki te whakamahi tūturu o te Ekalesia Siu. Mai taua taime te whare taonga me te none fakataha humarie i runga i te rohe kotahi. I roto i te tau 2009, i te ata, tangohia i te ohu whakapono i hoki mai, engari ko tonu te tupu i roto i ngā whare taonga nui huri noa i te motu. tonu i pupuri i te ohu i te pukahu o St. Kirilla Belozerskogo, e ora toa nga kuraina i te wehi o te mate. Mai 2015 ka te ohu he tohunga malí Anastasius.

Ko te hanganga o te ohu whakapono

Mua, ko te ohu St. Cyril-Belozersky, nei hoahoanga kua tiaki ona āhuatanga i te rau tau 16, ngā rave rahi wahi hanganga. Ko te wāhanga matua - he Big whakaaro Monastery. Tenei ko nga ratonga katoa taketake o te ohu whakapono, e rave rahi mau hiero, pūtau nga kuraina '. Ko te wāhanga tuarua - he ohu Ivanovsky iti. noho te reira i te mau hiero, me whare mo te ora, me te mahi o nga kaumatua me kuraina mate. Fakataha hanga rua enei wahi ake te pera-ka karanga Old Town.

Ko te wahi tuatoru - he pa hou i reira e kei ngā wāhi nui ngā outbuildings, kopakia ana e taiepa matotoru. I waenganui te pa tawhito, me te hou kotahi noho Ostrog, e kore i nei ora ki to tatou wa. I teie mahana Cyril Belozersky Monastery, whakapaipai kaiarahi katoa nei whakaahua ki Russia, ko te nui rawa i roto i Europe. I tona rohe noho 11 mau hiero, 11 pourewa, taiepa tawhito, me te maha whare noho, me te arumoni.

Ko te hoahoanga o te hanganga matua

Tauira o hoahoanga hahi o te ahurea Siu Russian o te maha wā ko Cyril-Belozersky Monastery. tipu āta noho hoahoanga, i roto i ngā wāhanga. Ko te whare tino tuatahi o te ohu - Cathedral whakaaro rakau, whakaturia nei ko te rōpū o kamura i 1397, e kore kua ora. Ko te temepara tuarua ano rakau, a ka ngaro i roto i te ahi i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 15. I roto i te 1497 kaihoahoa Rostov paheko whakaara karakia kohatu, e whakatinana nga āhuatanga pai o te kura Rostov o hoahoanga.

Ki te rā, i reira e rua anake urupa o tenei kura. Muri, i hanga te temepara, ka whakahokia e rave rahi mau taime, engari te ahua whānui o te loto nui, me te tiaki. Cathedral he pūtoru, chetyrehstolpny domed kohikohi ensemble. tonu tōna hoahoanga te whakarerenga iho o te hoahoanga wharekarakia i Moscow. uara motuhake toi ko nga tatau wai ki te raumati iti kuwaha Ekalesia o te Faahuru. i hanga ratou i roto i 1595 ki te whakatuwhera ake te uru ki te taha o te roto o Siverskoye. Ko te hahi kua he hanganga taketake me tengi hanganga ā-ahurei. Ko te pourewa pere o te whare karakia i tapiritia muri, i roto i te 1759. Ko te reira i roto i te kāhua o te Baroque Russian Te Tai Tokerau, ko te wahi taimaha, engari he tua motuhake ki te ensemble o te whare karakia.

I te take o te whanautanga o Hoani te maha i runga i te takoha o tona papa o Vasily III, e inoi i mua mo te kainga ki te ohu whakapono, hanga he hahi kohatu tuarua - te Ekalesia Arhangela Gavriila. I roto i tona hoahoanga tai'o mārama te mana o te hoahoanga Italian. Ko te whare e 2 vahe, homai ano hoki te toru-wahi taketake papa me te kōtaha āhua huri noa te paruru hanga rerekē. Runga ake te piiraa cornice whakanohoia i taumata whakatakoto ana kokoshniks - ko reira kanapa, me te mohiotia hoki nga kaihanga Russian o te otinga. I muri mai, i whakangaromia te tihi, me te te tomokanga ki te tonga.

Te temepara tuarua, kei te hanga nei i te whakahau o Basil te Tuatoru - ko te Ekalesia o te beheading o Hoani te Kaiiriiri i roto i Ivanovo ohu tenei. Ioann Predteche - he mahuetanga iho kaiwhakaruruhau anahera. E rua vahe me te hanganga wha-pou ki toru apses tenei hanganga whare iti. I roto i te hanga ite reira pānga tawhiti he hoahoanga kia.

I roto i te rau tau 17 timata ki te whakaara i te taiepa o te Town New me pourewa. I hanga te tuatahi Vologda Tower, e na tona hoahoanga rite nga parepare o te Tokotoru-Herekiu Monastery. Tapawaru, whakatika hanganga rima-ATE ki 30 mita me te ko te kaitutei wāhi matua. Ko te toenga o te pourewa e hanga i roto i te kāhua atu poto, me te uaua. Fakataha ki te taiepa i hanga whare teitei raina pā pono. E kore e hoki iho nga taiepa o te ohu o te whakaaro ki a New Town i ngā o te tika, ratou teitei ko e pā ana ki e rima mita, E ratou e rua ngā papa, te runga ko te raupapa o loopholes. Whakaaro ohu pa hoki he maha ngā pourewa: karaka faceted, Merezhennaya, Mill (tiaki inaianei), pukapuka tunu kai.

Hoki, ngā āhuatanga o te matatini Monastic ko te maha whare mō ngā take rerekē. Ko te hoahoanga katoa o te ohu St. Cyril-Belozersky ko te ensemble matatini whakatinana nga āhuatanga a Tūrongo o hoahoanga tahito. Ko tōna ataahua tiketike, me te nui hanga tonu hemo iwi ki ahuareka.

Museum o Cyril-Belozersky Monastery

Mai i 1924 ki te rā i te mahi whare taonga i roto i te ohu whakapono. Na i tenei ra i roto i te haerenga St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery Vologda wā, ina koa i roto i te raumati, ka kua āhua ki hīkoi me Makiri. I tua atu ki te matatini hoahoanga, kei roto i te whare taonga o te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te kainga Ahu Borodava (tauira o hoahoanga rakau o te mutunga o te rau tau 15). Tenei Ko tetahi o nga whare rakau matamua ora. Kei roto i tēnei hoki te Museum o Frescoes o te Ferapontov Monastery, rakau mirahau, kawea i te kainga o Gorki, me hahi matatini Tsaplin.

whiwhi i reira

Ko te pātai matua e whakatika i roto i te hunga katoa e hiahia ana ki te kite i Cyril Belozersky Monastery: "Me pēhea te ki te tiki i reira?" Ki te tiki i konei te ara māmā o Vologda. Ki te teihana pahi rohe he pahi auau ki te pa o Kirillov. Hoki i roto i Vologda maha pokapū whakahere ngā haerenga whakaritea me haere ki te none me whare taonga. Me kï hoki he tokomaha nui o vēkeveke ki te kite i te St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery. Me pēhea te ki te tiki i ki tenei wahi tapu? Ka taea e koe te whakahere i te haerenga i te motokā. hono Vologda Kirillov ki te ara P-5, e haere i runga i ki te ūnga o 130 km.

He haere i noho manene ai ki te St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery, whakaorangia koe (te nuinga i Moscow) i roto i nei, whakaratohia noho i runga i te pae, me etahi noho hōtaka.

Te aha ki te kite i

I teie mahana Cyril Belozersky ohu whakapono, whakaahua o nei patua te ataahua kei, me te mana, te whakahere ki te tirohia e kore anake nga whakaurunga maha o te temepara, engari ano hoki he kohinga taonga o peita i toi rohe, he kohinga o papanga iwi me te rauemi taketake. Reira taurima wā he momo o ngā whakaaturanga. Ko tino nui rawa - ko te icon Cyril-Belozersky Monastery. Here ka huihui te kohinga nui o ata o Russia tahito.

te wahi ki te noho

Na kua whakaritea e koe ki te haere ki te "St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery." Hoapā whakatauranga: Vologda rohe, Kirillov, te rohe o te whare taonga-rāhui. ngā haerenga Whakaraupapa Waea: + 7- 81757-3-14-79. katoa utu tīkiti mo te pakeke, ko te 500 moni mō ngā tamariki me ngā tāngata hauā e whakaratohia hua.

hiahia ana koe ki te kite i Cyril Belozersky ohu whakapono? Hea ki te noho, kihai i matou ano faaoti? Ka taea e tatou te mea e he pai katoa ki te whakanohonga o Kirillov. He maha ngā hotels me whare āheinga. Hoki manene noho whakaekea te i runga i nga whare o te ohu whakapono, mo te hunga e hiahia ana ki te ngā mahi ki te pai whakaratohia wāhi noho i pokapū tūruhi i roto i te taiao ataahua o te Te Tai Tokerau.