Customs Union - he aha te mea tenei? State o te Customs Union

i hanga e te Customs Union te ki te whāinga o te hanga i te wāhi kotahi, a roto i te reira i reira he tikanga mau ohipa me here ōhanga. Okotahi e vai, tiaki me te anti-Dumping mehua. Ko tā Customs Union te whakamahi o te tikanga tāke noa me mehua atu hangaia ki te whakahaere i hokohoko i roto i taonga ki whenua tuatoru.

whakamāramatanga

Customs uniana - he uniana o te maha āhua mema, e whakahaere ngā mahi tahi i roto i te mara o te kaupapa here tikanga. whakakahoretia hoki ritenga mau ohipa, me te rohe ki waenganui i nga rōpū, me mo te tahi atu mau fenua whakaurua he tikanga tāke noa.

kōrero

puta te haumi taua tuatahi i roto i te rautau tekau mā iwa, nei kaiuru ko France, a Monaco.

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, mutu te Customs Union - ko Switzerland me te rangatiratanga, o Liechtenstein. Ka taea hoki te faahiti hei tauira te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau, te General Whakaaetanga i runga i Tariffs ko Trade, whakapumautia te Economic Community Pākehā i roto i 1957, i to'o here katoa i runga i hokohoko i waenganui i nga rōpū, a ka whakapumautia te tikanga tāke noa mō te hokohoko ki nga whenua tuatoru. i hanga e te Pākehā Association i roto i 1960 hokohoko noa, i memeha takoha i ngā tikanga me here ine o ngā mema o hokohoko rōpū.

Ko te whenua whai wāhi i roto i te EEC me nga whenua EFTA e tonu rerekētanga hakari i roto i ngā ture tikanga me kahore he ngaahi fatongia noa i roto i te hokohoko, i roto i nga whenua-pāpori kahore e whai i te Customs Union, engari whakaaetanga whai wāhi mahi, me te āwhina tahi i runga i ngā tikanga take.

mea noa, tikanga me ngā puka mō te rēhitatanga o te taonga kua whakaurua hei ataahua whakaaturanga, me te hokohoko. whakaaetanga waitohua i runga i te whakangāwaritanga o ngā tikanga whakawātea. Enei whakaaetanga whakatere i te kaupapa o te taonga, te whakakaha mākete ao, me te ārai i nga mea katoa o maumaui.

I te 2010, i hanga e ia he tikanga uniana kotahi, e ngā Russia, Kazakhstan me Peraruhia. Ko tā te te hanga o te rohe tikanga kotahi, me te whakarato mahi mana katoa.

Tenei tau, ka tomo ki roto ki te Customs Union o Kyrgyzstan, Russia, i te wa ano e whakakaha ana tona tūranga.

Ko te whakatamarikitanga o te Customs Union

Oketopa 6, 2007 hainatia te Tiriti i waenganui i te Russian Federation, Peraruhia ko Kazakhstan i te whakawhitinga ki te ritenga uniana kotahi.

I te Hōngongoi 1, 2010 i roto i runga i te Code Customs ka whakahaere tikanga kotahi rohe o nga whenua e toru.

Whakakorea te whakapuakanga me rēhita i ngā tikanga i te rohe o te āhua e toru. Ka taea e taonga neke kahore whakawātea, e faaore te utu. neke ratou nui māmā me te whakaiti i te utu o taonga kaipuke.

I muri i runga i te rohe o te Union whakatika Space Common Ōhanga (CES) ki te kotahi mahi hokohoko mō ngā ratonga, i roto i te tua ki te hokohoko ngā ratonga, me te maha atu ngā wāhi o te mahi.

i tohua 2015 Customs Union i te kaupapa hou. tetahi atu mema o te tomokanga whakahaere hanga etahi huringa i roto i te geopolitics. He hanganga hou o te whakahaere Customs Union (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kazakhstan me ētahi atu) ka whakawhānui whanaunga hokohoko ki nga whenua CU.

Overview

Customs Union - he rōpū e whai ana i te whakapai ake i te taumata ōhanga i roto i te Mema States. He neke atu i te 180 miriona iwi ki rerekē moni o $ 900 piriona mākete hanga.

Ko te mutunga o te taonga Customs Union tukua ki te haereere noa i roto i te rohe ki te mahi o te mana ao.

Ki te tuhia ki tāwāhi meka, e kore te mea e tika ana te ohipa Ekisia utunga, me te auau takahanga ko te kore.

I roto i te take o kawemai ki a Russia i katatānga ko Peraruhia, Tangohia nga mana tāke Russian ohipa Ekisia me Takahanga. Customs Union - ko reira he puka ngāwari me-utu whai hua o te pāhekoheko.

hanganga

Te mau melo o te CU whakahaere (Customs Union)

- Russia ko Kazakhstan (mai 01.07.2010).

- Peraruhia (i 06.07.2010 tau).

- Armenia (i 10.10.2014 tau).

- Kehitāna (i 08.05.2015 tau).

Kaitono mō te mema:

- Tajikistan.

- Hiria.

- Tunisia.

Hono i te whenua kaitono Customs Union whakaaro i roto i te heke mai e tata ana. taea ki te whakapai ake i te mākete ao te roha o te whakahaere, ko te. whenua kaitono takiuru o te Customs Union (Tajikistan, Hiria, Tunisia) - ko te anga o whenua ake whakawhanakehia e tika ana ki te roha o ratou tūranga.

Pulé tinana

tino aratai Hupirimi - te Kaunihera o Heads o State ko Kāwanatanga International. Hoki, kia rite ki te kawenata whakapumautia e te Komihana o te Customs Union, i te mea he tinana tūturu o te ture.

Institutions o mana teitei i roto i te 2009 i te mehua whānui ki te taea haumaru pūtake kirimana me te ture o te Customs Uniana whakahaere.

Na roto i te whakatau o te mau peresideni o te whenua mema o te Uniana i whakapumautia Economic Komihana rite te mana tūturu Supranational ture tinana, i te mea kaimahi ki te Eurasian Kaunihera Economic Supreme.

Ko te painga matua

Ko te painga matua o te Customs Union mo te hinonga ohaoha i roto i rite ki te rohe hokohoko free he:

• I runga i te rohe o te Customs Union tino heke te utu o te waihanga, te tukatuka me te kaupapa o te taonga.
• te wa, me te utu o te pūtea, e ara e tika ana ki ngā tauārai whakahaere, tino heke.
• Ko te maha o ngā tukanga ritenga e hiahiatia ana mo te wahi o te Tuhinga o taonga i whenua tuatoru heke.
• Ka wātea, mākete hou mō taonga.
• Whakakotahitanga o te ture tikanga arahina ki tona whakangāwaritanga.

Te Customs Union me te WTO

kua i roto i te tukanga o te hanga o te Customs Union kua whakahuatia maha āwangawanga e pā ana ki te tikanga totohe waka ki WTO ture.

I roto i te 2011, kua katoa o ona reiti whakarapopototia te whakahaere ki runga ki te hanganga ture tonu ki nga tikanga o te WTO. Ki te te āhua o te Customs Union ka tomo ki roto ki te WTO, ka kia ngā WTO ture.

I roto i te 2012, piri Russia te WTO, i arahina ki te whakahou o te Common Customs mua o nga whenua Customs Union i roto i runga i ngā whakaritenga WTO. Ko te taumata o te 90 ōrau o te mau ohipa kawemai noho te taua.

pakanga ā-

I roto i te Whiringa 2014 i rāhuitia te kawemai o kai i Peraruhia ki Russia. Te rōrahi ko e pā ana ki 400,000 taranata. Heoi, tangohia te taha Russian kua kaupae ki te whakakikī mana o taonga e whiti te rohe o Peraruhia, i te mea ke i te ture māmā mō te hariata o taonga, mahi i roto i te rohe o te Customs Union.

Ngā tuhia he ranunga pai o tikanga o te Customs Union me te huarahi anō-kaweake i roto i Russia rāhuitia taonga Pākehā. Hei tauira, kawemai ika i Peraruhia, e kua kore putanga ki te moana, nui haere e 98 ōrau i roto i Russia.

Belarusian te peresideni AG i riri Lukashenka i te here o te taha Russian ka whakawakia Russia o te ofatiraa i te ture o te Customs Union me ta'etoka'i mo te ture o te ao.

E ai ki ngā, nga tohu, nga ture i te wāhi, kia rite ki nei i roto i te take o here e Russia i hokohoko me te waka o taonga te taha Belarusian e te tika kore ki te ū ki te ngā o te kirimana.

I roto i te 2015 ka hoki Peraruhia ki te mana rohe rohe Russian, ko te kupu te ofatiraa i te ngā o te Tiriti EAEC. I kauwhautia hoki te reira i te pato'iraa pea o te RUPO rite te moni o te whakataunga, me te hokinga mai o utu i roto i te US tāra. tohunga Russian whakapono e i roto i te āhuatanga i taua, taka tuitui rohe i raro i whakaeke.

faaino

I roto i te 2010, i hanga te whakamātau i ope pato'iraa ki te whakarite i tētahi tāpaetanga mo te faahaparaa o te kawenata. hanga Kazakhstan he kerēme o hara o nga tika kingi.

I hanga ano hoki te reira i kōrero nui o te Customs Union i te tūemi e whai ake nei:

• ngā o hokohoko, me te tohu o te taonga kino-tautuhi.
• i whakaritea tikanga WTO i runga i Russia i katatānga ko Peraruhia, e te hunga kahore he te mau melo o te rōpū i runga ake.
• Hua me rihīti whakapae te whana tohaina i roto i te whenua whai wāhi.
• Ko te pai o rite te nāianei kaupapa me whai wāhi pea te Customs Union.

Na, tohu rangahau e te maha o ngā take wä te Customs Union i rerekē nekehanga o painga ki ona kaiuru.

I fokotu'u ano hoki te reira e te Customs Union ko te mariko, e kore te mea te reira taea rite hei hinonga tōrangapū horihori.

Opinions i roto i te hapori

I roto i te 2012, i tū te Center mō te whakaaro pane Integration Research i te Eurasian Development Bank. whai wāhi te rangahau nga Kihi ko Georgia. I ui te uiraa: "Me pēhea e ongo'i koe e pā ana ki te meka i te ōhanga o Peraruhia, kua piri Kazakhstan ko Russia?". whakautu e whai ake i riro, taumai, me te tono mō te mema i roto i te Customs Union:

- Tajikistan: "pai" 76%, "tau'a ore" 17% "kino" 2%.

- Kazakhstan: "pai" 80%, "tau'a ore" 10% "kino" 5%.

- Russia: "pai" 72%, "tau'a ore" 17% "kino" 4%.

- Uzbekistan: "pai" 67%, "tau'a ore" 14% "kino" 2%.

- Kyrgystan: "pai" 67%, "tau'a ore" 15% "kino" 8%.

- Moldova "pai" 65%, "tau'a ore" 20% "kino" 7%.

- Armenia: "pai" 61%, "tau'a ore" 26% "kino" 6%.

- Peraruhia: "pai" 60%, "tau'a ore" 28% "kino" 6%.

- Ukraine: "pai" 57%, "tau'a ore" 31% "kino" 6%.

- Azerbaijan: "pai" 38%, "tau'a ore" 46% "kino" 11%.

- Georgia: "pai" 30%, "tau'a ore" 39% "kino" 6%.

whakaaro tohunga

E ai ki te Hekeretari o Customs Union Komihana Sergeya Glazeva, he painga e rua i roto i ngā o geopolitics, a i roto i ngā o te ōhanga CU. Ko te whakatutukitanga nui e whakarato maha painga te whakakorekore ki States ngä Röpü tenei.

E ai ki te Russian rangatira FTF Andrei Belyaninov i te amuiraa i roto i te 2009, ka hanga i te Customs Union i te timatanga o tona mahi raruraru mō ngā pakihi me ngā tikanga mana, engari ko te mea noa atu atu i te wā whakawhitinga.

Peresideni o Peraruhia Alexander Lukashenko homai he whakamāramatanga o te Customs Union rite te taahiraa atu ki te whakarite kia te hanga o te wāhi ōhanga kotahi, e pai kia te puka tika o whanaunga ōhanga i waenganui i te whenua whai wāhi.