Utu kore-moni - reira ... Organization o utu cashless i roto i te whakahaere. Puka o ngā tuhinga utu

utu cashless - te, whakarite e korero ana, i nga oko o te ōhanga. E whakaputaina ratou mā te hanga utu i roto i ngā pūkete pēke me e whakaritea e te Waehere Civil (Chap. 45 me 46), te Ture i runga i te tātai o te natura moni-kore o te Central Bank o Russia tau tau 2-P i 12.04.2001, whakawhiti te moni i te pūkete pēke o te aufau ki te pūkete pēke o te kaihoko (kaiwhiwhi).

Ko te faafariuraa o utu moni-kore i roto i te taputapu utu matua whakaatu te taumata etahi o te whanaketanga ōhanga. I roto i nga whenua whakawhanakehia o rerekē haere moni ko e pā ana ki te 5% o te katoa rerekē haere moni. utu cashless tukua te pēke pokapū ki te whakahaere i rerekē moni o te Russian Federation. Ki te te nui whakatere ratou awhina tohanga moni, e hanga e moni poto noa, a me ratou awhina whakarei ake te pūnaha pēke tona kaha ki te tuku moni. Hoki rite ki te hua o te whakaterenga o te tohanga moni (me i te rangi ki te "mekameka" o Marx 'taonga-Money-Goods "), whakatere me te rauemi tohanga i roto i te āhua.

hanganga Modular o tohanga moni

Ka rite ki matau koutou, mai 1992, kua tātarihia, ka whakahaere ki te awhina o te Bank o Russia tango ki pūkete nga māpele moni, utu moni-kore i roto i Russia i ai rerekē rōpū rerekē momo o te moni. He aha te mea ratou ihirangi ōhanga, ka taea e kite koe i roto i te Hoahoa 1.

Kaupapa 1. hanganga Modular moni

Te M kōwae _0, rite ki te ariā puāwaitanga, whakauru moni, moni i runga i ngā pūkete kāri, moni hiko me arowhai, arā, - .. nga rawa tino tino wai. Rawa E kaha e te whakamahi i tangata tinana. Te tātai, ki te mea te reira takoto, ko e whai ake: M0 = C + arowhai (1).

pūāhua kīnaki kōwae M ₁ whanaunga ki M0 whakaaturia e Tātai 2: M ₁ = M ₀ + moni mō ngā pūkete o nāianei, me te o nāianei i roto i tahatika (2).

whakaatu hoki tenei kōwae nga mahi pakihi o hinonga ture, piki te moni hoki pūkete o nāianei, me te whakataunga me te whakamahi i ratou mo te mahi.

Ko te kōwae ako M _2, i roto i te tahuri, ko te ngä ki te M mīhini _1. Kei roto te reira i te moni pūāhua akiaki, t. E. Ko te moni tāpui o te peeke, me putunga. Ko te kupu, ko reira he taunahatanga o te pūnaha pēke wā roa-.

I roto i te moni - te mea utu matua

Hoki ngā tauira puāwaitanga o moni utunga moni-kore whakahiato - Ngā reira M _{1 me} M _2.

Ano, rite tonu ki te tauākī o te tuatahi Tuarua Tiamana o te Central Bank Georgiya Ivanovicha Luntovskogo, tēnei wā te mea utu matua mō te Russia e tonu moni. Heoi, ratou wahi i roto i te whakahiatotanga M2 heke i 35.2% i roto i te 2005 ki te 23.8% (raraunga mo te mutunga o te tau 2012.)

Organization o ratou rerekē - utu nui: titau te taputapu rēhita moni motuhake, pūnaha kohinga, me ētahi atu I te wa ano, whenua Western takaro tenei tūranga te matua utu moni-kore ... Moni tino whakaiti i te auau o te rerekē haere o te moni - tetahi o nga āhuatanga o te ōhanga hihiri.

Ko te tikanga o ngā pūkete kaituhi

utu cashless - ko tetahi o nga mahi o te pēke. Hei whakatinana i ratou ki iti ki te whakatuwhera i pēke pūkete hinonga whaiaro-tautoko, me te o nāianei - pütea i te whakahaere pūtea. Ka rite ki te tikanga o te pēke pūkete kaituhi. Kia pehea te e mahi tenei pūnaha?

tohu tatou i te āhuatanga angamaheni: He kamupene hokona hua o te kamupene, me utu B ona moni-kore. Kia pehea te ko te whai wāhi? Ki te awhina o whakataunga tahi i waenganui i pareparenga o te kaihoko (B-A) me te pareparenga o te kaihoko (B-B), arā. E. pūtahi pūtea, te wahi e whakaaro tatou te kamupene whakatuwheratia ratou pūkete o nāianei. Oia mau, e ki te whakawhiti tona pūkete moni moni-kore e hāngai ana ki te pareparenga o te kaihoko ki tona pūkete pēke o te kaihoko. No te faatupu i tenei, ki te pareparenga rua whakatuwhera pūkete kaituhi i roto i te Central Bank o Russia (CBR): COP. Ko te kupu, ko nga utu moni-kore - ko te ratonga pūtea pareparenga o kiritaki pakihi i roto i ngā pūkete kaituhi. Kia tatou ka hoki ki to tatou āhuatanga, e rua BA me kaute kaituhi o te pēke, me te pēke whakatuwheratia i roto i te BB i te institution taua - te Central Bank (aua: COP me COP-BA-BB).

Nahea te pūnaha o utu cashless, whakaritea e te Central Bank? I roto i te toru ngā wāhanga.

• Tuatahi. Hinonga He whakawhitinga moni i roto i te nui o whakawhitinga ki tō pūkete o nāianei ki te pūkete kaituhi o B-A, ka tohutohutia ki te utu i tona B. counterparty
• Tuarua. hinonga tuhinga Utu A tona pēke BA tohutohu te pēke pokapū ki te tuhituhi atu i te nui hāngai i te pūkete kaituhi o te COP-BA i runga i te pūkete kaituhi o te pareparenga, te mahi kaihoko COP-BB.
• Tuatoru. Bank B, aroturuki hua i runga i tona pūkete kaituhi CS-B, e haere mai ki te kite i te nui o utu ki te wāhitau o tona kiritaki B, me whakawhiti i te reira ki tona pūkete taki. utu moni-kore taua ko te pūtake pūtea o te rerekē haere ōhanga.

Hoki pūkete kaituhi pēke he hanganga rua - waho (whakatuwheratia nostro i CB) me te roto (loro - pūkete faitoraa ā-). pauna Pūkete i te pūkete roto me nostro faitoraa specularly whakaata tetahi ki tetahi. tonu takina ki tahi i te tahi ki te whakarite e ngā taha e rua o nga kaute hāngai.

Whakataunga i whakahau utu

Nuinga o ngā wā, kua tīmataria e te whakahaere-aufau utu moni-kore. haere ia ki te pēke, te taviniraa tona pūkete whakataunga ki te tuhinga tono - ki te whakawhiti i te pūkete ki te pūkete o te kaiwhiwhi. He tuhinga e whakaatu ana i te tono, ka karanga te raupapa utu. He tauira o reira e taea te kite koe i roto i te ahua i raro.

Na roto i te whakahau utu e kawea i roto i utu moni-kore i roto i te wāhi o te whakawhiti o moni ki te pūtea me te moni extrabudgetary; tātai o counterparties i te akoranga o ratou mahi pakihi; nama me te moni tāpui pēke whakawhitinga; Ētahi atu whakawhitinga moni-kore.

tuhinga normative mō utu cashless

I tāutuhia e te puka o tenei tuhinga, me nga ture o tona whakakī te Ture o te Central Bank tau 2-p o 03.10.2002 ko a ia te mea ta tau 1256-U o 03.03.2003, (e whakahaeretia ana te taua tuhinga, me ētahi atu momo o utunga moni-kore) te.

Waitohu ia tangata haepapa fakapa'anga aufauraa i whakahaere, te tikanga he kaiwhakahaere (rangatira) me te tino kaikaute. Tohutohu etahi wā o te mana, ko te 10 ra, e kore tatau i te ra, ka mahi i te raupapa utu te. Ko te tauira kanohi i roto i te ahua, me tāpiri e nga waitohu i faahitihia, me te pane o te aufau. takoto te whakamutunga ki te tango i te pūkete o ratou utu i roto i te rēhita motuhake

utu cashless whakahaere (hinonga)

Organization o utu moni-kore i roto i te whakahaere (te hinonga) tavini te hōkai o whanaunga ōhanga i waenganui i enei hinonga. kamupene cashless e tango moni i te hoko o ona hua oti (ratonga), me te whakahaere - pūtea ki te mahi i ona mahi. E whakawhiti ēnei moni ki te pūkete o te kamupene whakahaere ranei i roto i te nuinga o te wā, te raupapa utu. Kei te wahi pau te moni hua i runga i ngā whakataunga ki te hinonga tuku. Haere utu o takoha me utu obligatory i roto i moni atu-pūtea. I roto i tenei take, kua hanga utu i roto i te toenga i runga i te pūkete o te hinonga (whakahaere) o nāianei ranei i roto i te awhe whakaratohia e te taurewa pēke.

I roto i tenei take i reira e etahi regularities o taua utu.

Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o whakahaere o utu moni-kore o hinonga (rōpū)

arahina Organization o utu moni-kore i roto i te whakahaere (te hinonga) e tahi mau parau tumu:

1. E tū moni i roto i te mau aamu pareparenga o te hinonga (whakahaere).
2. Hinonga (whakahaere) e utu ki te whiriwhiri kia rite ki te pēke te tukunga, me ngā puka o utu cashless.
3. te mana Opening o nga kaute o nāianei o te hinonga (whakahaere) e te mana tāke.
4. Ko te pūtake mo te Tuhituhi-atu o ngā rawa e wātea ana ki tona rangatira.
5. Utu ki kaituku ofi ange ki te wa o te tukuna o taonga, rauemi mata.

utu i muri

E hanga utu Non-moni i roto i te hui o te kaimahi o moni i runga i te pūkete o te kamupene (kamupene) nāianei i roto i tino ki te tikanga whakapumautia, whakaritea e Art. 855 o te Code Civil o te Russian Federation.

Tuatahi o nga utu katoa e hanga e ka hainangia e o kino ki te hauora, me te pai kia rite mo te whakawhitinga o te alimony. Ko te tuarua - i runga i ka hainangia e o te mahi e pā ana ki ngā utu uaua rahi, utu ki kaituhi mō te mahi hinengaro. toru o te wāhanga ngā utu o utu, whakawhiti o takoha (utu), utu rīanga ki te pūtea. Ko te tuawha - mo te toenga o te riti. I roto i te wahi tuarima - mo te tahi atu tuhinga utu. Ko te tikanga o te whakawātea whakataunga mana e pareparenga. I roto i te take o te ofatiraa, i runga i ngā whakapumautia e Art. 866 o te Code Civil, mahi whakamana i te pēke te mahi aroturuki, te utu moni i roto i te runga i te Art. 395 o te Code Civil.

Traditional momo o ngā tuhinga utu

O ngā kaupapa RF mō utu moni-kore, i roto i te tua ki whakahau utu, te whakamahi, me te tahi atu: pukapuka o nama, whakahau kohinga, utu hiko, tono utu - whakahau, arowhai.

Ko watea hoki te kaihoko reta o nama, arā. E. Ko te tangata i roto i tona manakohia a whakatuwheratia te pukapuka o te nama. haere Kiritaki-kaihoko ki tona pēke ki te tono - he pukapuka o nama. Ki te mahi i tenei, te whakamahi i te puka i runga i te puka 0401063. te pareparenga i runga i te pūtake o te tikanga whakatika ki te mahi i te tiai mo utu o nga taonga i tohua tukua rite ki te tuhinga whakaae. tohua nui Utu me te wa whakatinanatanga wā e i roto i te ako. Ko te kupu, ko te kaihoko o taonga e tango te utu whai, rānei i te utu o te kaihoko, i te utu o te pēke taurewa riro e ia ranei. haere te pēke tuku ki te kaiwhakarato pēke (pēke whakahaere). I te utu o "Letters o nama" pēke whakahaere i pūkete o te kaihoko whakawhiti te moni, tapa'o ai ia ratou kaiwhakarato.

E tukuna arowhai ki te tank taki taata tei, a te whakamahi ia ratou mo te utu o te kaiutuutu moni i muri tonu i te whakaaturanga o te haki.

A, no te kohinga ki utu moni-kore i roto i te manakohia o te kaiwhakarato initiator. haapii e ia tona pēke ki te farii i te moni whakawhitia e te aufau, a whakairia ratou ki tō pūkete arowhai.

Systems utu Hiko

kua homai XXI rau tatou he tikanga whakamua o te tātai - hiko utu. riro te whakatinanatanga o utu cashless kua atu utu. Ko te kiritaki e taea i tetahi wa ki te whakawhiti moni i tō kāri utu pūkete o te "putea hiko", whakatuwheratia i roto i te pūnaha utu hiko ranei, ki tētahi atu pūkete kāri ranei. hanga tenei reira taea ki te hanga utu i tetahi wa, i to koutou PC, tae atu i te huru whakamarie kāinga.

Ki te mahi i tenei i runga i te PC tāutatia WEB-taupānga WM-Keeper Light, he atamai - Telepat.

Na kaiwhakamahi Russian whakamahi i te ratonga o te torutoru tekau o ngā pūnaha utu. I 1998 i reira ko pūnaha PayCash i 1999 - i WebMoney, i roto i te 2002 - "Yandex". taunekeneke maitai ēnei pūnaha utu ki te pūnaha utu kāri ao, me te MastercardMass VisaInternational. whakaritea nga mahi o hiko pūnaha moni e te ture Federal "I te Pūnaha Utu National."

mutunga

Oia mau, te tohanga moni i roto i te Russian Federation inaianei kua hanganga hihiri kore nui, mai te mea te reira tonu nohoia he wähanga nui o reira i roto i utu moni.

Na, ko te whanaketanga o utu cashless he tirohanga. I muri i te katoa, te hangarau pūtea o te rau tau XXI i roto i te akiaki i financiers. I roto i ngā, i hanga te whanaketanga o te hangarau mōhiohio kua utu hiko i roto i te taputapu watea, me te pūkenga. Neke atu i te te tekau tau whakamutunga whiwhi tino pai ake te, kua riro te reira tere, me te ake pono. Heoi, hoki he whakapai ake taketake o utu moni-kore ka rapua e atu hanganga me te mahi ngātahi o te rängai pēke, ngā pūnaha utu me te pakihi.