Cruiser Armoured "Rurik" (1892). Kaipuke o te Russian Imperial Navy

cruiser Russian "Rurik" ka mohiotia puta noa i nga whakawhetai ao ki te whawhai kore ōrite i roto i te Korean Gulf i roto i te whawhai Russian-Japanese. Karapotia e te waka faaoti ki totohu te kaipuke, kia e kore, kua reira ka te hoa tauwhainga. I mua i te hinga i roto i te cruiser Korean Bay whakahaere hoki marama ki titaria te ope o te tāruru Japanese, haere mai ki ngā marau i Vladivostok.

hanga

Ko te cruiser rongonui Armoured "Rurik" ko te brainchild o te tipu Paratiki. I hanga tēnei kaipuke i te wera o te iwi hōia ki te kaipuke o Ingarangi. I mahara te kaipuke ki te waiho i te orotahi tika o English kau fakasio nohopuku "Blake." I roto i 1888, kua whakaarohia nga Engineers tipu Baltic he kaupapa tauira ki Admiral Chikhacheva me te Komiti Technical Naval (ITC).

i waihanga kaupapa Tauira. I roto i te cruiser MTK heke mai "Rurik" too atu o te tahi mau kohakore hoahoa me te taputapu hangarau. Kua nga tānga kua whakaaetia e te Hiha Alexander III. timata Construction i runga i Mei 19, 1890. I muri e rua tau o te mahi Paratiki rite wāhi hanga cruiser "Rurik". I whakarewahia te reira i roto i 1892, a i roto i 1895, i hoatu i te kaipuke ki roto ki te mahi.

I riro te reira e ka waiho te kaipuke te tuatahi i roto i te raupapa o fakasio rite. Hanga i muri i kore "Stormbreaker" me "Russia" he teina māhanga, me akatuke'anga (ki te displacement nui haere). Te mea faahiahia, te "Rurik" cruiser hangaia rite te Interceptor pea kaipuke kaihokohoko Ingarangi. I mahara ia ki kia pera whakamahia i roto i te hui o te whawhai ki a Great Britain. I tua atu, i te ngā o tohutoro ko te whakaritenga ki te hanga i tētahi waka e taea te neke i te Moana Baltic ki te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, kahore he ki te whakakī anō ki waro. Hei haere i tēnei ara, i te waka ki te rere a tawhio nga moana tonga, me te tata katoa o Eurasia.

I roto i te Pacific Fleet

Tata tonu i muri i te cruiser "Rurik" i hanga, whakaritea te Navy ki maka ia ki te moana Patitifa. Kua tēnei tohatohanga kua pā ana ki te mārō o mānukanuka i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko te wahi o te rēhitatanga o te kaipuke hou ko te tauranga o Vladivostok. Ka mohio pakanga ki te rangatiratanga United kihai i tupu.

Engari, i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1904, i te whawhai Russian-Japanese. I tenei wa, "Rurik", rite ki mua, i roto i Vladivostok. Aru e te tikanga ki te haere ki te moana, me te ki patu i te hokohoko me te wai te waka Sino-Japanese. Haere ki kaipuke moana whakawhiti oha ki te pa. haere tahi ratou te mano o civilians. Ko te mahi matua o te matua hoia, i roto i te tua ki te "Rurik" ngā o "Bogatyr", "Russia" me "Stormbreaker", ko he rorona ope Japanese. Ki te i wehea te kaipuke hoariri, ka tiaki e riro te pa o Port Arthur māmā.

"Rurik", mahi i roto i te Moana o Hapani, i ki te whakangaro kaipuke waka hōia, me te utanga hōia, kaipuke takutai me te kei i runga i te pareparenga o te whare hoariri e mau ana. Ka rite ki ko te cruiser tino anake i taea e hahaereraa mahi tawhito hei te rōpū katoa, kaua ki te takitahi. hoki Vladivostok matua hoia anake mo te waka, e tika ana ki te kapi rere te supply i roto.

Ko te pakanga tuatahi

patua te cruiser haerenga tuatahi te Tsugaru Strait. I whakaritea te reira e ka waiho i te ūnga i muri i te pa o Wonsan (hou Wonsan). Heoi, i roto i te ara o te kaipuke mau i roto i te tupuhi. Mai i reira i te hotoke i runga i te maramataka, ko te wai e whiwhi ki te pū, hohoro tahuri reira ki te huka. No te mea o tenei, ka ere mo te mahi i te matua hoia. i tino Weather me te āhuarangi tikanga kahore te pai. I roto i te tikanga ki te waiho Vladivostok kau fakasio i ki te tatari mo e whakatuwhera te Icebreaker ratou ara i roto i te kokoru tio.

Ko te aha meinga te rarua te kāwanatanga Russian ki te tango i te pa Chinese o Port Arthur. e kore te mīti tōna tauranga. hiahia rautaki nui, me te watea Port Arthur ki te tiki i nga Hapanihi. Te pa me nga kaipuke i nga i i āraia reira. Squadron "Rurik" i ki titaria te ope hoariri i roto i te tikanga ki te hiki i te āhuatanga o te tauranga noa nga kaipuke o te Baltic Fleet nga ngā. Nā ki te kapa pū te huka hoki ia poto ki Vladivostok.

tiaki Vladivostok

e hanga ana "Rurik" te ruānuku tauranga. Cruiser (te momo o i Armoured) whakakiia kai kai, a ka patua ano e ia te ara. Te pakanga tuarua. kahore he kaipuke Japanese i te moana. Otiia i akina atu ara tenei rerenga o te matua hoia Russian te hoariri ki te maka wahi o ratou ope ki te whakawehi i te Russian.

I roto i Maehe, i te matua hoia hoariri, mahue te moana Kōwhai ki te motu o Askold i Pita te Bay nui e tata ana Vladivostok. I roto i te kōwae i te hou cruiser pourewa Japanese "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" me "Iwate". i haere tahi ratou e te torutoru kaipuke marama. Ko te matua hoia whakatuwheratia ahi i runga i Vladivostok. rere nga anga ki te pa, ko te kore, engari e kore e te iwi i te iti wehi. "Rurik" paunatia punga i roto i te tauranga i roto i tekau meneti i muri i whakatangi nga matā tuatahi. I roto i te kokoru i reira i te huka. tatatia ana te putanga tere i te tauranga. I kau fakasio wehe i roto i te Ussuri Bay i te wa ka i mahue kē te Japanese ratou tūranga. Pouri, me nga kaipuke e haere ana tetahi rua tekau maero, me te hopu titiro o te hoariri ki runga ki te pae, a mutu. I tua atu, ka anga ki te wehi e wahi tata mahue nga Japanese toku i roto i Vladivostok.

wero hou

Ko te kore o nga ra tuatahi o te pakanga arahina ki kaimahi rerekē haere i roto i te whakahaere o te kaipuke. whakaritea te kāwanatanga tsarist rangatira o te Admiral Makarov. whakaturia e ia ki te aroaro o te "Rurik" me tona matua hoia o ngā wero hou. I whakaritea e te reira ki te whakarerea te rautaki o ngā marau i runga i te rohe Japanese. Engari, "Rurik" inaianei i ki te ārai i te whakawhiti o ngā hōia hoariri i roto i Wonsan. Tenei tauranga Korean ko he Awaiti Japanese, i reira ka timata ngā mahi whenua.

tukua Makarov ki te haere ki te moana, i roto i tetahi hanganga (ahakoa kaipuke waka takitahi ranei). korerorero ia i runga i te pūtake o te meka e patu Russian atu kaha, me te whai hua atu i te Japanese. i he Admiral. Shapkozakidatelskie huru i roto i Russia i te mahana o te whawhai i kitea. e kore e te iwi Japanese kite i te hoariri nui.

Ko te ōhanga o tenei whenua Āhia mo te wa roa i noho i roto i te noho taratahi. Ko anake i roto i te tau tata nei i roto i tīmata Tokyo ki te faahepo hanganga i roto i te ope, me te kaipuke. hanga ope New i runga i te tauira Pākehā Western. I hokona taputapu rite ke, me te kounga pai anake. Ko te wawaotanga Japanese i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti i roto i Moscow titiro iho, whakaaro ki raro i Japanese. Ko reira no te mea o tenei huru whakaarokore, a ka ngaro te whawhai katoa. Ko hoki inaianei, i mārama nga opuaraa, me te tari matua o te tumanako mo te pai me te itoito o kaumoana Russian.

hopu whero

Neke atu i te marama, ko "Rurik" i roto i te tauranga. Na, i patua e tata Port Arthur Admiral Makarov. Ko ia i runga i te tama'i "Petropavlovsk", whenua i runga i te toku whenua. Kua whakaritea e Hapanihi Whakahaua High e muri kihai i pakū te mate fakamamahi o Admiral Russian mo te wa roa i roto o te karapotia Port Arthur. Na reira, i roto i Tokyo whakahau ki kuru te rōpū, e hāngai ana i roto i Vladivostok.

I tenei wa, "Rurik" haere ano puni. I tenei wa, oho te matua hoia i roto i te ahunga o te pa Japanese o Hakodate. I te moana, ka hopukia ia e te oko waka, i toremi i te tōkiri, i tīmata "Russia." ka korerotia nga herehere e tata ko te matua hoia o Admiral Kamimura. Na ka tahuri hoki ki a Vladivostok nga kaipuke Russian, a kihai i tae Hakodate. E te tupono waimarie, tutaki tenei kapa te wa. i nui kaha atu i te Russian, e taea e arahi ki te hinga tuturu kaipuke Kamimura.

Otiia ara i roto i tenei Mōrearea "Rurik" tūranga ki te rave i pai te whāinga. a Vladivostok matua hoia ki te huri kē wahi o nga ope hoariri i Port Arthur. Mai kei te kore mahue kaipuke April Kamimura te moana o Hapani, i ko noa i te ringa o Russia. I roto i te Mei, he tāpiritanga meapango, te cruiser "Hercules" i ha fakatu'utāmaki, tanumia i roto i te pari o Cape Bruce. I muri i te ohipa i roto i te matua hoia i mahue e toru nga kaipuke.

Whawhai i roto i nga Straits o Shimonoseki

I te ra whakamutunga o te puna haere ano 1904 e toru kau fakasio ki whawhai kaukau. I mua i tomo i te Strait o Shimonoseki, tutuki ana ratou ki runga ki te kaipuke waka Japanese. ngā reo irirangi whakairo hoatu raweketia irirangi, no te mea o nei i taea ki te kōnae i te mamae karanga Admiral Kamimura te hoariri. kaipuke Hapanihi marara. I roto i te ata, te kohu i runga i te cruiser pae tautiaki "Tsushima".

tamata te kaipuke ki te mawhiti, ka tae i te uta. timata te reira i te whai whānui. matua hoia Russian i taea ki te mau i te kaipuke waka "Izumo Maru." I totohu te reira i muri i te pū kaha. Mai i te kaipuke atu ka mau e pā ana ki te rau iwi. Ko te etahi kauhoe i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē. Crews "Rurik" me "Russia" faaoti kore ki te e wehea mai i "Gromoboya" ka mutu te whai.

I te tomokanga ki te Strait o Shimonoseki tahuna tetahi hoariri waka. ara tamata te kaipuke ki te haere ki te hipi "Gromoboya," engari ka haere mai tetahi mea o reira. I koperea ia i wāhi ngā pātea, me te te mutunga oti atu e te tōkiri. totohu Ship. Ko reira e pā ana ki te mano hoia me waru howitzers kaha, i haere nei te Hapanihi ki te whakamahi i mo te whakapaenga o Port Arthur. Tūnga karapotia e te pa i kino whiwhi. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, e kore tata te matua hoia Vladivostok mahue te moana, a ki te mutu koutou i roto i te tauranga, anake ki hohoro anötia. Time ki te hanga me te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga tawhito kihai i.

taupatupatunga Mutunga

I muri nui nukarau August 14, 1904 te cruiser "Russia", "Stormbreaker" me "Rurik" hopea fehangahangai te tāruru Japanese. He ono kaipuke. roto ratou i te Kooti Russian o te tiaki patu me te firepower. haere Vladivostok wehe ki te kaipuke āwhina ngana ana ki te wahi i roto i o encirclement i Port Arthur.

pū Japanese i pupuhi auau me te ake kaha atu i 4-taiepa. takoto ana tēnei ōwehenga te te hua pouri o te whawhai. I te timatanga o te tukinga, ka reira mārama e kua te painga te hoariri. Na ka ka whakaritea e te reira ki te hoki te kaipuke i te tauranga o Vladivostok. Hanga kihai i taea tenei. tamata te pu o te cruiser "Rurik" ki te pupuri i te hoariri i te tawhiti haumaru, engari i muri i te pai-hāngai pakunga kai kaipuke ka he poka kino.

No te mea o hinga mutu ki te whakahaere i te wira urungi, ka ngaro te mana. Ko te compartments wai e rere. i ngaro urungi kaingaki me te whakairo i roto i te haora. E tāmi nga matatahi, no te mea o te mea riro te waka o te kaipuke āhuatanga purutia rawakore. tonu tere o kaipuke ki te whakaiti, ahakoa pupuri ia te akoranga o mua. "Rurik" (cruiser 1892) ka anga ki te ngenge te tahi atu kaipuke o te matua hoia. nui haere Tawhiti āta i waenganui ia ratou.

karapotia

I roto i te Korea Strait ka haere matua hoia Russian raro i te whakahau a Karl Jessen. A, no te kitenga o te rangatira i he tahi mea, ka hoatu e ia te tikanga, "Russian" me "Stormbreaker" cover "Rurik" i te ahi Japanese. whakamatauria horihori rauhanga Diversionary. Ko te kauhoe o enei kaipuke parekura. Nga heramana me rangatira hinga mate i raro i te ahi te hoariri taimaha.

Hoki tenei take, "Russia" me "Stormbreaker" i takoha ki te waiho i te Korean Strait. Tuatahi, tumanako Hehe e nga kau fakasio Armoured Japanese, e tohu ana i te ati rahi, te whai o te tino nui, me te waiho "Rurik" anake. Pū kaipuke taea tiaki ia ia i nga whakaeke o oko pukapuka. Ki te hohoro fakatonutonu te kapa te kino, e taea ki te haere tonu ratou haere hoki te kāinga ranei i te iti rawa haere ki te rohe Korean te cruiser.

kokiritanga tino nga Japanese i muri i te "Russia". Heoi, ka ko ia tera taha te taea o te rohe kaipuke Imperial Navy, hoki ana ki te parekura. I tenei wa, "Rurik" i ngana ana ki te parepare, ka tonu ki te tu atu, ahakoa e tika ana ki te tūkino i tona firepower tino ngoikore. Na ka whakamātau te waka ki te hipi te kaipuke Japanese o te marama. taea te hunga ki te mawhiti me te rite te tūpato oho i runga i tawhiti roa. kua mahue ratou katoa, pera he reira ki te tatari noa tīmata te kaipuke ki te totohu karapotia, me te mate o te cruiser "Rurik" Ka kia mooni. I te pae hopea whakarewahia nga heramana Russian he tōkiri i te hoariri i te morehu whakamutunga o te ngongo tōkiri. Heoi, i kore patua te pere ūnga.

Order Ivanov kotahi tekau ma toru

I te timatanga o te whawhai ka mate rangatira "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Werohia a ko te rangatira matua nei i mahara ki te whakakapi a ia. He katoa o 800 iwi i patua i roto i te rōpū o 200, a pā ana ki 300 i whara. puta te ora āpiha matua whakamutunga Konstantin Ivanov. I te mutunga o te whawhai e rima-haora, ka ko kua mārama te putanga, ka mau whakahau taua tangata.

Na, ka anga nga Japanese ki te hoatu tohu e te hunga pai ki te whakaae ki te tuku o te hoariri ratou. Squadron whakahau e Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. i noa hoki ia i te whai o "Russia" me "Gromoboya" me te tatari inaianei mo karapotia he whakautu te waka. A, no te kitenga o Hoani e kua pau rawa ātete katoa, ka whakahau ia ki te totohu te kaipuke. Ko te tikanga kaipuke Russian whakamahia mo tenei whakaaro, utu motuhake, i takahi te oko. Ko tenei wa i pakaru ratou. Na ka whakaritea e te waka ki te whakatuwhera Kingston - vaolo motuhake. Na ka ringihia e te wai ki roto ki te pūnaha o te kaipuke noa kaha. "Rurik" (cruiser 1892) hohoro totohu, tahuri, tuatahi ki te taha ki maui, a ka tino i raro i te wai.

Feat me te kororia cruiser

ngaro Russia te whawhai Russian-Japanese, engari tona ope, me te kaipuke re katoa i runga i te mea kua whakaatu te ao to ratou itoito, me te lī'oa ki ohipa. I roto i te cruiser Korea Strait "Rurik" tuki ki nga kaipuke i nui atu te hou, me te ake kaha atu i a ia. Ships tawhitotia ki patu rawakore, Heoi, ka mau te whawhai. Feat cruiser "Rurik" i tino mauruuru i te kāinga kore anake, engari ano i roto i nga whenua ke, a tae noa i roto i te fenua Tapone.

āpiha Konstantin Ivanov i tona waka kakahu te tau 13. Ko te he iho manuao e toro ki te namesakes. I muri i te whawhai, me te hoki ki tona whenua, ka whakawhiwhia e ia maha tohu (rite ana hoa katoa). Te Emperor, i rongo o tona ruma, ke tona ture teitei te ingoa o te rangatira. ka Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov ma toru. I teie mahana, ki te mahara te itoito me mahi pono o te cruiser tonu te kaipuke Russian. Ko reira ngā e i roto i 1890 i mahi i te kaipuke rite rangatira kaiāwhina o te mataaratanga Alexander Kolchak. He nui i muri ka ia he admiral, a ka - tetahi o nga kau taki o te kaupapa White me nga hoariri matua o te kāwanatanga Bolshevik hou.

I roto i te 1906, ka whakarewahia te cruiser "Rurik 2". I huaina te reira i roto i te honore o tona mua, waipuke i roto i te whawhai Russian-Japanese. ka te kaipuke te tino nui o te Baltic Fleet. Ko te cruiser "Rurik 2" ka mau wahi i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau, ārahi ahi tamau ki te marae Tiamana. patua ano hoki tenei kaipuke. patua te reira i te taku 20 Whiringa 1916 atu te rohe o Gotland.